Nature and nurture : determinants of water-related diseases in children from Dakar

Abstract

In Senegal, despite recent health progress, water-related infections still constitute an acute urban health concern, particularly with regard to children. In the capital, Dakar, the rapid urbanization of recent decades lead to high population densities with diverse socio-economic profiles, in a very heterogeneous urban space. Often, underprivileged families also reside in areas with deficient living arrangements and subpar infrastructure, which means that Dakar's children may be exposed to very different risks for water-related infections. With this in mind, the present thesis analyzes the determinants of water-related diseases, focusing on the effects of behavior and the immediate environment. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining statistical models with semi-structured interviews. In terms of data collection and analysis, the general approach of the study follows a deductive and quantitatively-driven design, whereby the construction of the qualitative instrument is built upon the initial quantitative results. In the context of an ongoing debate regarding whether it is private actions or external physical conditions which determine the transmission of water-related diseases, the present study's results point to both spheres. Findings also indicate that health-related behavior in the family is often a function of the immediate environment, calling attention to the need to take into account characteristics of the wider area, when investigating infectious diseases. The research also points out that, in developing contexts, some of the commonly used statistical indicators may not convey an accurate picture of living conditions. Thus, complementary qualitative analyses may be necessary for a proper understanding of the risk factors involved in the transmission of water-related infections. ; (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2019