El Habeas Corpus como garantía constitucional para la protección de derechos fundamentales vulnerados por el hacinamiento carcelario ; Habeas Corpus as a constitutional guarantee for the protection of fundamental rights violated by jail overcrowding

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Abstract

En el presente trabajo se analizó el Habeas Corpus como una garantía constitucional para la protección de derechos fundamentales vulnerados por el hacinamiento carcelario a la luz de la Ley Estatutaria 1095 de 2006. Para ello, se indagó acerca de la evolución histórica del Habeas Corpus, se analizó la normatividad nacional e internacional en concordancia con los pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional y se determinó el impacto del hacinamiento carcelario en los derechos fundamentales de los individuos privados de la libertad, mediante la exposición de tendencias de política criminal contemporánea (Política Criminal del Enemigo o Populismo Punitivo y Política Criminal Minimalista o de los Derechos Humanos). Igualmente, se realizó un análisis del hacinamiento carcelario en Colombia estudiando causas y efectos en la población privada de la libertad, apoyado en estadísticas entregadas por el INPEC. ; In this work an analysis of Habeas Corpus was carried out. This purported to be a constitutional guarantee that protects fundamental rights, which are violated when overcrowding in jails happen, seen in light of the Ley Estatutaria 1095 de 2006. To achieve this, an inquiry about the evolution of Habeas Corpus was necessary in a national and international scale, which intended to analyze this normativity, along with the pronouncements made by the Constitutional Court regarding this matter. Through this inquiry, the impact of jail overcrowding was sentenced to be a condition that violates fundamental rights of convicted individuals. There was a presentation about tendencies in criminal contemporary politics (Criminal Politics of the Enemy or Punitive Populism and Criminal Politics). Also, there was a study on the causes and effects of jail overcrowding in Colombia by looking at statistics about jail inmates, which was provided by INPEC. The aforementioned allowed to drawing the following the conclusion: The Colombian State is not in the capacity to provide integral protection to individuals in privation of their freedom. Jail overcrowding generates a violation of fundamental rights such as the human dignity, their lives, and their health.For the sake of ending this violation of rights, and paying attention to what must be done according to the conclusion drawn from what was analyzed, it was determined that Habeas Corpus must be implemented to obtain liberty to any inmate suffering due to this plight. An example of this implementation happened in Honduras, where seven people were granted freedom when the Supreme Court of Justice determined that they were suffering from cruelties, degrading and inhumane treatment occurring in instances of jail overcrowding. Domiciliary imprisonment is another option as a possible solution to this problem.