The Survey of the Role of Humans' Risk Factors in the Severity of Road Traffic Injuries on Urban and Rural Roads ; بررسی نقش عوامل خطر انسانی در شدت سوانح ترافیکی در راه های درون و برون شهری کشور

Open Access

Abstract

Backgrounds and Objective: This study was conducted to determine the role of human risk factors in the severity of road traffic accidents on urban and rural roads. Materials and Methods: All data from road traffic-injured subjects (census, 592168) which were registered by the Fava system (COM forms) were investigated. Human risk factors due to road traffic injuries and the Odds ratio were calculated using an ordinal regression model and adjusted to probable confounding risk factors such as age, gender and lighting system in urban and rural roads. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 34.1±14.0 years. Among human risk factors, the highest percentage (69.9%) was allocated to the disregard of rules and legislation. The Odds ratio of an accident being fatal or non-fatal in inner city roads to alcohol users was 6.5 times more than for those who did not have this risk factor (OR: 6.5, CI: 4.88-8.65). In outer city roads it was also the highest among other ratios (OR: 1.73, CI: 1.22-3.29). Conclusion: In spite of the fact that alcohol had the highest effect on the severity of road traffic injuries, but acknowledging the low prevalence of this factor and its outcome on lower attributable risks when compared to other factors, it is a better prevention program to focus on those factors which are more prevalent, such as the disregard of rules and legislation and speed. REFERENCES 1. Al-Ghamdi AS. Pedestrian–vehicle crashes and analytical techniques for stratified contingency tables. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2002;34(2):205-14.2. Rosman DL. The Western Australian Road Injury Database (1987–1996):: ten years of linked police, hospital and death records of road crashes and injuries. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2001;33(1):81-8.3. Nantulya VM, Reich MR. The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 2002;324(7346):1139.4. 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Accident Analysis & Prevention. 1999;31(6):639-49. ; سابقه و هدف: مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین نقش عوامل انسانی در ایجاد سوانح ترافیکی در محورهای درون شهری و برون شهری کشور انجام شده است.روش بررسی: اطلاعات کلیه افراد آسیب­دیده در اثر حوادث ترافیکی به صورت سرشماری، ثبت شده (فرم‌های کام 114) در سیستم (فاوا)، که شامل 592168 نفر بودند بررسی شدند. عوامل خطر انسانی منجر به حوادث ترافیکی تعیین و نسبت شانس (Odds ratio) هر یک از عوامل خطر در رخداد حوادث ترافیکی با استفاده از مدل رگرسیونی با شانس‌های متناسب و تعدیل عوامل مداخله­گر احتمالی مانند سن، و جنسیت و وضعیت روشنایی در راه های درون و برون­شهری برآورد شد.یافته‌ها: میانگین و انحراف معیار سنی در جامعه مورد بررسی 0/14 ±1/34 سال بود. در بین عوامل انسانی دخیل در سوانح ترافیکی بالاترین درصد به بی­توجهی به مقررات به میزان 9/69 درصد اختصاص داشت. نسبت شانس قرار گرفتن در یکی از طبقات جرح یا فوت در محورهای درون شهری برای افرادی که مصرف مشروبات الکلی داشته‌اند 5/6 برابر همین مقدار برای افرادی بوده که این عامل خطر را نداشته‌اند (65/8 -88/ 4 CI: و 5/6. (OR= همچنین در محورهای برون­شهری نیز بالاترین نسبت شانس را در بین دیگر نسبت‌ها) 29/3 – 22/1 CI:و 73/1 (OR= به خود اختصاص داد.نتیجه‌گیری: با اینکه مصرف نوشیدنی‌های الکلی بیشترین تأثیر را بر شدت حوادث ترافیکی رخ داده­شده را دارد اما با توجه به شیوع کم این عامل و در نتیجه خطر قابل انتساب کمتر نسبت به دیگر عوامل، به نظر می‌رسد بهتر است برنامه‌های پیشگیری را بیشتر متمرکز بر عوامل با شیوع بالا مانند بی­توجهی به مقررات و عجله و شتاب بی­مورد نمود.