Iraq Is Moving Forward to Achieve Global Targets in Nutrition
Abstract
From the 1990s and after 2003, Iraq suffered many difficulties which affected its population negatively in different ways; from embargo to political instabilities, conflicts, and wars, collectively leading to food insecurity especially among the internally displaced people. The Ministry of Health and International Organizations worked collectively to improve the nutritional situation among the most vulnerable groups: children under five, and women in reproductive age. This study aims to review the nutrition situation for Iraq in relation to the Global Nutrition Targets and for Sustainable Development Goals. The data used for comparison was obtained from nationally representative surveys conducted in Iraq from 1996 to 2018, including urban and rural areas for all 18 governorates. Results of these surveys showed a gradual decline in undernutrition indicators for children under five, and an emergence of overweight and obesity, indicating an urgent need for collective action from all sectors and related Ministries regarding malnutrition in its different forms. It also revealed a decline in the prevalence of anemia among the targeted women, but an increase of low birth weight in newborn infants. Exclusive breastfeeding though, is still staggering and in need of urgent action. Iraq is transferring from a generalized state of insecurity to a more secure one, emphasizing the need to strengthen systems for efficient monitoring and evaluation. There is also a need for more recent surveys representing Iraq, as the available data is scant, particularly dietary intake studies within the normal population and internally displaced families in camps or scattered shelters.
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