ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНЦИЯ И ВЫБОРЫ НАРОДНЫХ ДЕПУТАТОВ СССР 1989 Г. (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ СИБИРИ)

Abstract

Показана ведущая роль интеллигенции на выборах народных депутатов СССР 1989 г. На примере депутатского корпуса Сибири автор доказывает, что именно представители интеллигенции победили на выборах 1989 г. По мнению автора, феномен победы интеллигенции был не случаен. Раскрыты факторы, способствующие победе на выборах представителей интеллигенции. ; Proclamation of policies of perestroika in the Soviet Union caused the rise of political participation, especially among intellectuals. Intellectuals are actively included in the new socio-political organizations established to support the perestroikas ideas Unions facilitate perestroika, discussion and political clubs, Popular Fronts, organized and held rallies and demonstrations. Elections of people's deputies of the USSR in 1989, caused more rise of political participation. The Election campaign helped to increase political participation, participation in the political life of the country's multimillion mass of citizens. Particularly active in this campaign was the intelligentsia. In these elections for the first time in the history of the USSR citizens have real choice there are alternative candidates. Every candidate for election had its programme, a group of Trustees, and the possibility of campaigning in the media. In many cases, the intellectuals have won in the struggle for the Deputy mandate. Many representatives of the office apparatus lost in those districts where the strong influence of democratic movements, especially in the northern areas. By voting against representatives of the office apparatus the citizens thus voted against the authoritarian system, under the control of the CPSU. As result among the Deputy Corps of Siberia were intellectuals. This article explores the reasons for the victory of the intelligentsia in the elections, 1989. Analyses the 12 factors in the success of intellectuals in the election, described by George Kolov in the article "The phenomenon of Stepan Stepanovich for election victory". In 1989, pronounced "Psychology of the crowd syndrome". The term was first introduced into scientific circulation G. Lebon in his work "The psychology of the people and the masses", 1895. The syndrome was manifested in the fact that it was repeated on rallies, demonstrations or slogans on the guilt of the party apparatus as these slogans were widely distributed and supported by the masses. Candidates intellectuals and their proxies used new forms of agitation: widely used leaflets with full biography and programme, calls in the form of posters. "Team" of candidates used a variety of loud-speaking devices, propaganda machine, producing breast badges depicting a candidate. Candidates in deputies of the USSR party and Soviet leaders did nothing to counter these forms of agitation, they acted as usual. At the meetings the candidates with the public the candidates-intellectuals can brightly and convincingly to speak in contrast to party leaders. It is proved in 1989 elections, a major role to play not the social situation of the candidate, and his personal characteristics. The intellectuals won in elections as more interesting person. Intelligentsia won the elections and burdened by new democratic ideas elected deputies were active and the Congresses of the People's Deputies of the USSR, and in Inter-regional Deputy Group. Not everyone in Russia as have dreamed of intellectuals in 1989, but the fact that the country has a system of free elections with unknown result is victory for democracy.