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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Arguments in Favor of Integrative Framing Analyses -- Multimodal Messages and the Predominance of Visuals -- More Attention and Preferential Processing for Visuals over Words -- Memory and Recall -- 3 Why so Few Integrative Framing Analyses? -- Approaches to Verbal Framing Analysis -- Approaches to Visual Framing Analysis -- Approaches to Integrative Framing Analysis -- Interim Summary and Some General Remarks -- 4 Factors Influencing the Act of Framing -- The Context -- Interests and Goals -- Frame-Building Research -- 5 An Introduction to Integrative Framing Analysis -- Preparation -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis -- 6 An Integrative Framing Analysis of People Living with HIV/AIDS -- Literature Review -- Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Strategy of Analysis -- Methodology -- Results -- Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Index

From smartphones, meters, fridges and cars to internet platforms, the data of digital technologies are the data of citizens. In addition to raising political and ethical issues of privacy, confidentiality and data protection, this calls for rethinking relations to citizens in the production of data for statistics if they are to be trusted by citizens. We outline an approach that involves co-producing data with citizens as partners of statistical production, from the design of a data production platform to the interpretation and analysis of data. While raising issues such as data quality and reliability, we argue co-production can potentially mitigate problems associated with the re-purposing of Big Data. We argue that in a time of "alternative facts", what constitutes legitimate knowledge and expertise are major political sites of contention and struggle and require going beyond defending existing practices towards inventing new ones. In this context, we contend that the future of official statistics not only depends on inventing new data sources and methods but also mobilising the possibilities of digital technologies to establish new relations with citizens.

IntroductionThe most recent Welsh Antimicrobial Resistance Programme (WARP) report on antibiotic use in primary care found significant variations between Health Boards and hospitals in gross antibiotic use in 2014. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic deprivation and antibiotic prescribing volumes.
Objectives and ApproachWelsh General Practitioner (GP) antibiotic prescribing data for years 2013 to 2016 for patients' resident in Wales were extracted from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage GP tables. Deprivation was assessed by linking prescribing events to the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) score for the patient's neighbourhood area. The association between deprivation area and antibiotic prescribed (items per 1000 persons per day) was stratified according to the patient's age, sex, prescription year and antibiotic class. A three-level multilevel Poisson regression model of 1.58 million patients nested within 349 GP practices, nested with 67 GP clusters, was specified to assess the associations
ResultsJust over 7.97 million antibiotic items were prescribed between 2013 and 2016. Patients in the most deprived WIMD quintile had an overall prescription rate that was 25.2% higher than those in the least deprived WIMD quintile. The final model revealed that residing in the most deprived WIMD quintile (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.1769, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1768 to 1.1770, being female (IRR = 1,2699, 95% CI 1.2698 to 1.2700), being aged $\geq$90 (IRR = 2.0687, 95% CI 2.0683 to 2.0690), and prescription year being 2013 were associated with significantly higher rate of antibiotics prescription. There were significant primary cares clustering of antibiotics prescription in Wales.
Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study provides evidence that patients in areas of higher socioeconomic deprivation are more likely to be prescribed antibiotics in primary care in Wales. Population health prevention strategies aimed at reducing high antibiotic prescription rates should consider targeting areas of high deprivation.

This working paper provides a critical discussion of attempts that have been made in recent years to measure the concept of flexicurity. It begins by addressing some conceptual aspects, looking in particular at different interpretations and definitions of the term flexicurity that one can find in the academic and policy literature. It then moves on to consider a number of problems involved in quantifying the dimensions included in the concept of flexicurity. These include the gap between formal rules and actual implementation of labour market regulation, the selective character of both flexibility and security and the existence of feedback effects between flexibility and security and vice-versa. The next two sections deal more directly with measurement issued, focusing on indicators pertaining to the various dimensions of flexicurity and to a number of flexicurity indexes that have been elaborated by researchers. The paper concludes by point out the limits of quantitative approaches in accounting for complex phenomena like flexicurity, and encourages researchers to complement the knowledge produced by indicators with more qualitative tools, such as typologies and fine grained accounts of polices.

This paper analyzes the impact of political and fiscal decentralization on regional inequalities using a unique data set which covers 56 countries at different stages of economic develop-ment. Cross-section and panel data estimations show that decentralization decreases regional inequalities in general. However, estimations using an interaction variable approach imply that the effect depends on the level of economic development. While rich countries benefit from decentralization with regard to a more equal regional income distribution, decentralization may lead to higher regional inequalities in developing and emerging economies. The results are pointing in the same direction for measures of fiscal and political decentralization implying that both - autonomy in decision making and fiscal authority - are decisive in this context. Thus, when fostering decentralization in developing countries - as proposed by international development agencies - the potential negative redistributional consequences should be taken into account.

Front Matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Spatial analysis and the social sciences in a rapidly changing landscape -- PART 1 THEORY, FRAMEWORKS AND FOUNDATIONS -- 1. GIScience through the looking glass -- 2. Locating spatial data in the social sciences -- 3. Analytical environments -- 4. Complexity -- 5. Linking spatial patterns to processes -- PART 2 METHODS -- 6. Spatial econometrics -- 7. Local modeling in a regression framework -- 8. Simulating geographical systems using cellular automata and agent-based models -- 9. Microsimulation -- 10. Multilevel models -- 11. Context-dependent movement analysis -- 12. Spatial interaction modeling -- 13. Spatial optimization -- 14. Cluster identification -- 15. Spatial point patterns -- 16. Spatial dynamics -- 17. GeoAI in social science -- 18. Exploratory spatial data analysis -- 19. Geovisualization and geovisual analysis -- 20. Immersive virtual reality and spatial analysis -- 21. Spatiotemporal data mining -- PART 3 APPLICATIONS -- 22. Neighborhood change -- 23. The spatial analysis of gentrification: Formalizing geography in models of a multidimensional urban process -- 24. Social networks in space -- 25. Analysing the dynamics of inter-regional inequality: The case of Canada -- 26. Spatial approaches to energy poverty -- 27. The shape of bias: Understanding the relationship between compactness and bias in U.S. elections -- 28. Space and New Urbanism -- 29. Space for wellbeing -- 30. Urban analytics: History, trajectory and critique -- PART 4 EMERGING CHALLENGES AND ISSUES -- 31. Reproducibility and replicability in spatial science -- 32. An image library: The potential of imagery in (quantitative) social sciences -- 33. Uncertainty -- Index.

In view of the changes taking place in society, social progress and the achievements of science and technology, the protection of fundamental rights must be strengthened. The aim of the article is to analyse the principles and peculiarities of safe management of the personal data in social networks. In this scientific article, methods of document analysis, scientific literature review, case study and generalization are used. Consumers themselves decide how much and what kind of information to publicize on the Facebook social network. In order to use the third-party applications, users at the time of authorization must confirm that they agree to give access to their personal data otherwise the service will not be provided. Personal data of the Facebook user comprise his/her public profile including user's photo, age, gender, and other public information; a list of friends; e-mail mail; time zone records; birthday; photos; hobbies, etc. Which personal data will be requested from the user depends on the third-party application. Analysis of the legal protection of personal data in the internet social networks reveals that it is limited to the international and European Union legal regulation on protection of the personal data in the online social networks. Users who make publicly available a large amount of personal information on the Facebook social network should decide on the issue if they want to share that information with third parties for the use of their services (applications). This article presents a model for user and third party application interaction, and an analysis of risks and recommendations to ensure the security of personal data of the user.

Hyperspectral images collected with different spectroscopic techniques can be combined to benefit from complementary information and to improve the general description of chemical systems. The simultaneous analysis of images collected by different spectroscopic platforms can only be carried out when images are spatially matched with each other (i.e., different pixel sizes should be balanced and translation/rotation/scaling transformations should be done if required). The main goal of this work is the proposal of a general methodology to match image spatial properties that uses all pixels acquired in the images and, therefore, avoids the step of selecting analogous reference pixels to be compared. The effect of working with different kinds of image starting information on the robustness of the retrieved optimal translation and rotation parameters has also been assessed. The study has been tested in two different representative situations, namely: a) imaged sample with a clear contour b) imaged sample without defined contour. A final study on the effect of proper image matching is performed by applying Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) to the multiset formed by the appended images from different spectroscopic platforms before and after matching. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. ; A. de Juan and R. Tauler acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007?2013) / ERC Grant Agreement no. 32073 (CHEMAGEB project). They also belong to the network of recognized research groups by the Catalan government (2014 SGR 1106). S. Piqueras acknowledge financial support from the Spanish government project CTQ2015-66254-C2-2-P. ; Peer reviewed

A robust and extended characterization of the point spread function (PSF) is crucial to extract the photometric information produced by deep imaging surveys. Here, we present the extended PSFs of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), one of the most productive astronomical surveys of all time. By stacking similar to 1000 images of individual stars with different brightness, we obtain the bidimensional SDSS PSFs extending over 8 arcmin in radius for all the SDSS filters (u, g, r, i, z). This new characterization of the SDSS PSFs is near a factor of 10 larger in extension than previous PSFs characterizations of the same survey. We found asymmetries in the shape of the PSFs caused by the drift scanning observing mode. The flux of the PSFs is larger along the drift scanning direction. Finally, we illustrate with an example how the PSF models can be used to remove the scattered light field produced by the brightest stars in the central region of the Coma cluster field. This particular example shows the huge importance of PSFs in the study of the low-surface brightness Universe, especially with the upcoming of ultradeep surveys, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Following a reproducible science philosophy, we make all the PSF models and the scripts used to do the analysis of this paper publicly available (snapshot v0.4-0-gd966ad0). ©2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society ; We thank the referee for a constructive report that helped to improve the presentation of the manuscript. This research has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grants AYA2016-77237-C3-1-P and AYA2016-76219-P. We also acknowledge support from the Fundacion BBVA under its 2017 programme of assistance to scientific research groups, for the project 'Using machine-learning techniques to drag galaxies from the noise in deep imaging'. This work was partly done using the reproducible template project (Akhlaghi et al. in preparation). The reproducible template was also supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 (H2020) research and innovation programme via the RDA EU 4.0 project (ref. GA no. 777388). We thank Mohammad Akhlaghi for all his time spent in explaining how to make the core part of this project reproducible. We thank Roelof de Jong for kindly providing us the PSF profiles obtained in his work. We thank Alejandro Borlaff, Nushkia Chamba, and Simon Diaz-Garcia for their comments. This work was partly done using GNU Astronomy Utilities (Gnuastro, ascl.net/1801.009) version 0.10. Work on Gnuastro has been funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) scholarship and its Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (21244012, 24253003), the European Research Council (ERC) advanced grant 339659-MUSICOS, European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721463 to the SUNDIAL ITN. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS-IV acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS web site is www.sdss.org.SDSS-IV is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS Collaboration including the Brazilian Participation Group, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, the Chilean Participation Group, the French Participation Group, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, The Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) / University of Tokyo, the Korean Participation Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching), Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), National Astronomical Observatories of China, New Mexico State University, New York University, University of Notre Dame, Observatario Nacional/MCTI, The Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, University of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Oxford, University of Portsmouth, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, and Yale University. ; Peer reviewed

In recent decades, the number of large-scale surveys that have included measures of the Big Five personality traits in their standard questionnaires has grown sharply both in Germany and internationally. Consequently, a vast, heterogeneous, high-quality data base is now readily available to personality psychologists for secondary analyses. In this paper, we provide an overview of 25 public large-scale surveys assessing the Big Five. Our aim is to increase researchers' awareness of the availability and analytical potential of these data, and ultimately to increase their reuse. We restricted our selection to surveys of the adult population, conducted in Germany, based on probabilistic samples with a minimum sample size of 1,500 respondents, and assessing all Big Five dimensions with a validated Big Five instrument. We describe the study designs, the measures used to assess the Big Five, and the research potential of these valuable data.