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"This book highlights the legacy of the Lvov-Warsaw School in broadly understood contemporary philosophy of language. Fundamental methodological issues, important topics in syntax, semantics and pragmatics (such as modern Categorial Grammar, theories of truth, game-theoretical semantics, and argumentation theory) are tracked down to their origins in the Lvov-Warsaw School, and - the other way round - modern renderings of the ideas expressed by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Stanisław Leśniewski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Alfred Tarski, Kazimierz Twardowski, and other members of the School are presented. Among contributors there are philosophers, logicians, formal linguists and other specialists from France, Italy, Poland, and Spain"--

2: The Problem of Sentential Unity -- 2.1 The Asymmetry Thesis -- 2.2 The Related Designation Theory -- 2.3 The Two Views Compared -- 3: The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.1 The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.2 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Pr?bh?kara -- 3.3 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Buddhist Philosophy Of Language -- 3.4 Related Designation And apoha Semantics -- 4: Talk About the Non-Existent -- 4.1 Are Absences Perceived Or Inferred? -- 4.2 Conceptual Constructions -- 4.3 Affirmation, Denial, And Reference -- 4.4 Talking About The Non-Existent -- 4.5 Objections And Replies -- 4.6 The Alternatives -- References.

AbstractWittgenstein gave no real definition of the strategy of language, so that clear definitions of thelanguage-gameand the underlyingforms of lifeare explained in tentative hypotheses. The study of the language-game is an empirical idea of inquiry: Its possible definition can be extrapolated from the source of Wittgenstein's own writings, tracing out the meaning from the examples. Here viewed from a semiotic standpoint, Wittgenstein is boosted as a semiotic philosopher of language, moving in the conceptual development from Saussure's interpreted-signs to Peirce's interpretant-signs. The history of Wittgenstein's language-game and forms of life generate linguistic-and-cultural (linguïcultural) forms ofplay-acts. Wittgenstein liked "engineering" examples of practical language-games, such as the carpenter's toolbox and the building blocks. The "bricks" of the reconstruction of Wittgenstein's language-games are shown by the interjective keywords to announce the building blocks. This cognitive and creative game of language can be applied to solve and understand the "building" messages of Wittgenstein's language-games.

The Center for the Information Systems Studies and Research (CISR) at the Naval Postgraduate School has established a broad program in computer and network security education. The program, founded on a core in traditional computer science, is extended by a progression of specialized courses and a broad set of information assurance research projects. A CISR objective has been improvement of information assurance education and training for the U.S. military and government. Pursuant to that objective, CISR is developing a computer simulation game, CyberCIEGE, to teach computer security principles. CyberCIEGE players construct computer networks and make choices effecting the ability of these networks and the game's virtual users to protect valuable assets from attack by both vandals and well-motivated Professionals [1]. A key CyberCIEGE innovative is a scenario definition language that permits educators to generate many different security scenarios, each playable as an independent game. Every scenario includes a briefing that describes an enterprise (e.g., a business that depends on the secrecy of proprietary information) and gives the player information about what must be done to help make the enterprise successful. The scenario language is used to define a set of users and assets. Users are typically enterprise employees whose productive work makes money for the enterprise. Assets are various kinds of information required for user productivity. Example assets are secret formulas, accounting information, business plans, expense statements, and marketing material. Using the language, the scenario designer can define a number of different users who each need to access different assets in different ways to support enterprise productivity. These are user goals. The language can express the need for users to share assets and to access multiple different assets concurrently. Different assets have different values, and different users have different authorizations to access assets as defined by the enterprise security policy. Additionally, each asset has a value to attackers distinct from its value to the enterprise. This permits the scenario designer to express the motives that will drive virtual attackers in their attempts to compromise assets. The users, assets, user goals and enterprise security policy are established by the scenario designer using the language, and may not be changed by the player. Additionally, the scenario designer can define a set of computer components (e.g., workstation, servers, firewalls, etc.) that the player can purchase and configure to support their virtual users' goals. The scenario designer also defines the networks, (including the Internet), available to the player for interconnecting components. Furthermore the scenario designer can define a set of security personnel (e.g., guards) and support staff that the player can hire to help enforce physical security policies and maintain component and network configurations. The scenario designer specifies the costs of the various resources (e.g., workstation price, guard salary), and the effect of user goals on productivity and happiness. This results in the fundamental tension of computer security: Provide users with suitable sources to productively perform work while protecting the assets from security compromises in accordance with the enterprise security policy. ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

A short discourse on ordinary metaphysics -- An abstract of ordinary language philosophy -- Confessions on rereading O'Neill : the drama of ordinary language philosophy -- Fragments of a dialogue between the ordinary language philosopher and his teacher -- A lecture on the history of ordinary language philosophy