Periodismo electrónico, Periodismo on-line, Periodismo digital son algunas de las acepciones más comunes al referirse al ejercicio de la escritura periodística que usa la internet. Al revisar el contexto social en los procesos en los que emer- gen las dinámicas de la comunicación es necesario recordar el paso de la sociedad industrial a la sociedad informacional1; aquella en donde la información se convierte per sé en generadora y dinamizadora de sus niveles de productividad y de poder. Resulta oportuno revisar estas relaciones en los países de América Latina, partiendo de los sistemas de economía agraria y/o acceso-sencillez-proximidad a la información a través de internet. Conscientes de que este proceso mediático supera el hecho de montar una simple infraestructura, se trata de constatar las dinámicas que caracterizan a nuestros sistemas educativos, sistemas de las nuevas tecnologías y ciencia, contenidos para la ciudadanía y contexto administrativo de dicho bagaje informacional. Es hora de revisar el comportamiento e incursión de esa praxis en el ámbito universitario, toda vez que se convierte en el escena- rio potenciador de la formación en competencias profesionales del periodista del siglo XXI en la región. El actual artículo recoge los resultados de la investigación cua- litativa realizada en cuatro periódicos on-line de las facultades de Comunicación Social en Bogotá. Se pretende evidenciar el comportamiento de tres elemen- tos neurálgicos en la redacción del periodismo on-lineuniver- sitario: niveles de hipertextualidad, de multimedialidad y de interactividad. Lectura detallada, captura de la estructura de pantalla principal de los artículos en cada periódico digital y cotejo con las sesiones de los cuatro respectivos grupos focales emisores, hacen parte de la metodología utilizada para ver las característi- cas de la narrativa ciberperiodística en mención. Esta fase inicial permitirá determinarar el comportamiento de un ciberperiodismo forjado desde la academia con miras a alimentar una segunda investigación2: Análisis de Contenido -AC – haciendo uso del software Qualrus con el propósito de constatar la sintaxis digital que estructuran los hiperdocumentos en la línea periodística de estos ciberproductos. Este recorrido investigativo permitirá argumentar la existencia y relaciones entre los niveles de multimedialidad e interactividad que dinamizan la tendencia de la narrativa hipertextual en el periodismo on-line universitario.
To date, neuroimaging research has had a limited focus on non-social features of autism. As a result, neurobiological explanations for atypical sensory perception in autism are lacking. To address this, we quantitively condensed findings from the non-social autism fMRI literature in line with the current best practices for neuroimaging meta-analyses. Using activation likelihood estimation (ALE), we conducted a series of robust meta-analyses across 83 experiments from 52 fMRI studies investigating differences between autistic (n = 891) and typical (n = 967) participants. We found that typical controls, compared to autistic people, show greater activity in the prefrontal cortex (BA9, BA10) during perception tasks. More refined analyses revealed that, when compared to typical controls, autistic people show greater recruitment of the extrastriate V2 cortex (BA18) during visual processing. Taken together, these findings contribute to our understanding of current theories of autistic perception, and highlight some of the challenges of cognitive neuroscience research in autism. ; NJ was supported by the April Trust PhD Studentship awarded by Newnham College. SBC was funded by the Autism Research Trust, the Wellcome Trust, the Templeton World Charitable Foundation, and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cambridge, during the period of this work. SBC received funding from the Wellcome Trust 214322\Z\18\Z. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. Further to this SBC received funding from Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 777394. The JU receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA and AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica, SFARI. SBC also received funding from the Autism Research Trust, Autistica, SFARI, the MRC and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. The research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East of England at Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR or Department of Health and Social Care.
Sea surface height (SSH) is routinely measured from satellites and used to infer ocean currents, including eddies, that affect the distribution of organisms and substances in the ocean. SSH not only reflects the dynamics of the surface layer, but also is sensitive to the fluctuations of the main pycnocline; thus it is linked to events of nutrient upwelling. Beyond episodic upwelling events, it is not clear if and how SSH is linked to broader changes in the biogeochemical state of marine ecosystems. Our analysis of 23 years of satellite observations and biogeochemical measurements from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre shows that SSH is associated with numerous biogeochemical changes in distinct layers of the water column. From the sea surface to the depth of the chlorophyll maximum, dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen enigmatically increase with SSH, enhancing the abundance of heterotrophic picoplankton. At the deep chlorophyll maximum, increases in SSH are associated with decreases in vertical gradients of inorganic nutrients, decreases in the abundance of eukaryotic phytoplankton, and increases in the abundance of prokaryotic phytoplankton. In waters below ∼100 m depth, increases in SSH are associated with increases in organic matter and decreases in inorganic nutrients, consistent with predicted consequences of the vertical displacement of isopycnal layers. Our analysis highlights how satellite measurements of SSH can be used to infer the ecological and biogeochemical state of open-ocean ecosystems.
This qualitative study using a grounded theory approach, assesses the construction of claims in online news articles and below the line comments in connection with foodbank use in the West Midlands region, UK. The sample includes 146 online news articles and 132 below the line comments, commencing 23 September 2010 until 8 April 2019. Individual foodbank users' stories are told and these relay discourses of stigma, shame, embarrassment and desperation. In contrast, the below the line comments centre on the undeserving poor. Here, emphasis is on the migrants who are 'flooding' the country, and the scroungers who are work-shy.
The paper examines the causal impact of bank–firm interlocking directorates on a firm's access to credit. We exploit matched bank–firm panel data containing detailed information on individual loans and on the governing bodies of both the bank and the firm. Identification hinges on the exogenous break up of connections occurring when the supervisory authority places a bank under special administration, resetting its board. For these banks, we compare the dynamics of loans to firms that lost the connection with those of the unconnected firms, chosen through propensity score matching among borrowers from the same banks. We find that the loss of connection is associated with a significant and large drop in the firms' granted loans, and, in particular, in the credit lines that can be unilaterally modified by the lender in the short term. We also show that the advantages of the connection are due mainly to favouritism, rather than to privileged information flows.
Lo studio svolto ha permesso la redazione di un accurato e preciso elenco delle perdite umane avvenute per motivi bellici a Pola e nel suo circondario nell'arco di tempo tra lo scoppio della Grande guerra nell'agosto 1914 ed il passaggio della città alla Jugoslavia nel settembre 1947. Nel conteggio sono state incluse, senza alcuna distinzione, tutte le vittime militari e civili accertate nel corso delle ricerche. L'elenco ha constatato con sicurezza 1.128 vittime, avvenute nell'arco di tempo tra il 13 agosto 1914 ed il 10 febbraio 1947. ; Obavljeno proučavanje omogućilo je izradu točnog i preciznog popisa ljudskih žrtava uslijed ratnih zbivanja u Puli i okolici u razdoblju od izbijanja Prvog svjetskog rata u kolovozu 1914. do uspostavljanja jugoslavenske vlasti u rujnu 1947. U popis su uključene, bez iznimke, sve dokazane civilne i vojne žrtve. Za period od 13. kolovoza 1914. do 10. veljače 1947. sa sigurnošću je utvrđeno 1.128 žrtava.
En la última década se han producido cambios que afectan de lleno a los medios locales, aquejados por la caída de la publicidad, la irrupción de las redes sociales como canal distribuidor y la hegemonía en la difusión gratuita de los contenidos. Ante estos retos, los grandes grupos de comunicación han diversificado su actividad, desde la apuesta por reforzar el negocio audiovisual hasta la incursión en el comercio on line, pero ¿qué ocurre con aquellas iniciativas en manos de pequeños empresarios locales? Las encontramos en Castilla-La Mancha, territorio marcado por la ausencia de inversores fuertes que respalden la obligada transición hacia el entorno digital. En el sector de la prensa el resultado no deja lugar a dudas: de los dieciséis diarios que se editaban en 2006 sólo quedan tres. ¿Por qué la crisis ha afectado de una manera tan directa a estos medios? Algunas debilidades estructurales como su estrecha relación con el poder y su dependencia de las sistemáticas aportaciones de las instituciones han revelado su vulnerabilidad ante un momento adverso. Frente a ello, lo más característico son las nuevas iniciativas digitales impulsadas por periodistas despedidos de medios tradicionales. El censo elaborado por el Observatorio MediaCom de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha para 2017 muestra un número elevado de medios pero el análisis de su evolución reciente y su estructura, objeto de este trabajo y respaldado a partir de la revisión documental y entrevistas en profundidad, revela limitaciones que invitan a repensar fórmulas para el mantenimiento del periodismo de calidad. ; During last decade important changes have affected local media, upset by advertising fall, the creation of social media as a distribution channel and the hegemony in the free content spreading. According to these challenges, main communication groups have diversified their activity, from strengthening audiovisual business to incorporating online commerce, but what about those projects whose owners are small local enterprises? This is the situation of Castilla-La Mancha, a context distinguished by the lack of strong investment to support the necessary transition to the digital environment. Local newspapers evolution shows no doubt: form sixteen published in 2006 there are only three left. Why has the crisis affected these media in such a hard way? Some structural weaknesses such as their close relationships with governments and their dependence on the systematic contributions of public institutions have revealed their vulnerability in economic recession. At the same time, prevailing media are new digital initiatives promoted by journalists dismissed from traditional media. The census completed in 2017 by the Observatory of the University of Castilla-La Mancha MediaCom shows a high number of media but the analysis of their recent evolution and their structure, subject of this investigation and supported by documentary review and personal interviews, reveals limitations that invite to rethink strategies for the maintenance of quality journalism.
Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Food Traceability and Raw Materials for Cheese Productions -- 1 Food Traceability System in Europe: Basic and Regulatory Requirements -- 1.1 Food Traceability System in Europe: An Introduction -- References -- 2 Raw Materials in the Cheesemaking Field and Related Input Data in the Traceability -- 2.1 Raw Materials in the Cheesemaking Field-The Milk -- 2.2 From Milk to Cheese-Cheesemaking and Traceability -- 2.3 Traceability and Cheese-Different Technical Strategies -- 2.4 Traceability, Milk Products and Different National Approaches-The Italian Situation -- References -- 3 The ExTra Tool-A Practical Example of Extended Food Traceability for Cheese Productions -- 3.1 Traceability in Cheese Industries-A Practical Introduction -- 3.2 Traceability in Cheese Productions-The Flow of Input Information -- 3.2.1 Milk for Cheese Productions -- 3.2.2 Coagulant Enzymes for Cheese Productions -- 3.2.3 Lactic Acid Bacteria for Cheese Productions -- 3.2.4 Salt for Cheese Productions -- 3.2.5 Minor Ingredients for Normal Cheese Productions-Three Examples -- 3.3 Traceability in Cheese Productions-The Flow of Output Information -- 3.3.1 Traceability Pathways in Cheese Productions-One Processor -- 3.3.2 Traceability Pathways in Cheese Productions- Many Processors -- 3.4 Traceability in Cheese Productions-Curds and the Role of Water -- 3.5 Traceability in Cheese Productions-The Importance of 'Off-line' By-Products -- 3.6 Traceability in a Cheese Industry-The ExTra Tool -- 3.6.1 The ExTra Tool-An Overview -- 3.6.2 The ExTra Tool-One Single Product, One Single Sheet -- References -- 4 The ExTra Tool-Practical Simulations in the Cheesemaking Industry When Using Cheeses, Butter and Rennet Caseins -- 4.1 Processed Cheeses and Traceability. A Practical Introduction.
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p. 747-758: "An act for rendering more effectual the several acts passed for the erecting of hospitals and workhouses within the city of Bristol, for the better employing and maintaining of the poor thereof." ; p. 735-743: "An act for impowering the surviving commissioners and trustees for forfeited estates to execute proper conveyances of the late Lord Widdrington's estate, in the county of Northumberland (contracted for by the York buildings company) to trustees for the creditors of the said company, upon payment of a sum of money therein mentioned into His Majesty's exchequer." ; p. 727-730: "An act for prohibiting the wearing and importation of cambricks and French lawns." ; p. 719-723: "An act for the further regulating and better government of His Majesty's navies, ships of war, and forces by sea; and for regulating the proceedings upon courts martial in the sea service." ; p. 711-716: "An act to explain, amend, and make more effectual the laws in being, to prevent excessive and deceitful gaming; and to restrain and prevent the excessive increase of horse races." ; p. 703-706: "An act to repeal a clause in an act made in the third year of the reign of King William and Queen Mary, relating to carts used by persons inhabiting within the limits of the weekly bills of mortality; and to allow such carts to be drawn with three horses; and to prevent the misbehaviour of the drivers of carts in streets, within the said limits." ; p. 679-698: "An act for continuing, amending, and making more effectual, an act made in the twelfth year of the reign of King George the First, for repairing the roads leading from Birmingham to Edghill, in the county of Warwick." ; p. 667-674: "An act for the more effectual recovering and collecting of certain duties granted towards the support of the Royal hospital at Greenwich; and to oblige agents for prizes, to register their letters of attorney." ; p. 659-662: "An act to amend an act made in the elventh year of the reign of King William the Third, intituled, An act for the more effectual suppression of piracy." ; p. 647-654: "An act for granting further powers to the commissioners for building a bridge cross the river Thames, from the city of Westminster to the opposite shore, in the county of Surrey; and for the better enabling them to finish the said bridge, and to perform the other trusts reposed in them." ; p. 639-643: "An act to indemnify persons who have been guilty of the unlawful importing, landing, or running of prohibited, uncustomed, or other goods or merchandize." ; p. 631-634: "An act for more effectually preventing the stealing of linen, fustian, and cotton goods and wares, in buildings, fields, grounds, and other places used for printing, whitening, bleaching, or drying the same." ; p. 615-626: "An act for repealing the present inland duty of four shillings per pound weight upon all tea sold in Great Britain, and for granting to His Majesty certain other inland duties in lieu thereof; and for better securing the duty upon tea, and other duties of excise; and for pursuing offenders out of one county into another." ; p. 603-610: "An act for allowing certain additional bounties on the exportation of British and Irish linens." ; p. 595-599: "An act for effectually preventing the exportation of foreign linens, under the denomination of British or Irish linens." ; p. 571-591: "An act to repair and widen the road leading from Godmanchester in the county of Huntingdon, through Fen Stanton and Cambridge, to the First Rubbing House on Newmarket Heath in the county of Cambridge." ; p. 551-567: "An act for granting to His Majesty the sum of eight hundred thousand pounds out of the sinking fund; and for granting a sum remaining in the exchequer, arisen by the surplus of the duties upon malt, mum, cyder and perry, for the service of the year One thousand seven hundred and forty five; and for the further appropriating the supplies granted in this session of Parliament; and for giving further time for the payment of duties omitted to be paid for the indentures or contracts of clerks and apprentices, and for further enforcing the payment of the said duties." ; p. 547-548: "An act to continue an act made in the sixth year of the reign of His present Majesty, for the better regulation of lastage and ballastage in the river Thames." ; p. 535-542: "An act to amend and render more effectual an act, passed in the fifth year of His present Majesty's reign, intituled, An act for the further qualification of justices of the peace." ; p. 503-531: "An act for repairing the road from Birmingham, in the county of Warwick (through Elmdon) to a lane leading by the end of Stone-Bridge, in the said county." ; p. 491-498: "An act to explain and amend the laws touching the elections of knights of the shire to serve in Parliament for that part of Great Britain called England." ; p. 483-486: "An act for giving a publick reward to such person or persons, His Majesty's subject or subjects, as shall discover a north west passage through Hudson's Streights, to the western and southern ocean of America." ; p. 455-478: "An act to repair the road leading from Tadcaster Bridge within the county of the city of York, to a place near the said city, called Hobmoor-Lane end." ; p. 431-450: "An act for making the surgeons of London and the barbers of London two separate and distinct corporations." ; p. 423-426: "An act for enlarging the terms and powers granted by several acts of Parliament for repairing the highways between Sheppards Shord and the Devizes, and the top of Ashlington Hill and Rowd Ford, in the county of Wilts." ; p. 411-420: "An act for more effectually cleansing, deepening, widening, and preserving a creek called Beverley Beck, running into the river Hull; and for more effectually repairing the staiths near the said beck, and the roads leading from the said river to the town of Beverley; and for cleansing the streets of the said town; and for regulating the carriages to and from the said beck, and the river Hull." ; p. 395-406: "An act for continuing and enlarging the term and powers granted by an act made in the twelfth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the First, for repairing the highways from Speenhamland, adjoining the Newbury, in the county of Berks, to Marlborough, in the county of Wilts." ; p. 387-390: "An act to indemnify persons who have omitted to qualify themselves for offices and employments within the time limited by law, and for allowing further time for that purpose." ; p. 363-382: "An act for the speedy and effectual recruiting of His Majesty's regiments of foot serving in Flanders, Minorca, Gibralter, and the plantations, and the regiments of marines." ; p. 323-359: "An act for granting to His Majesty several additional duties upon all wines imported into Great Britain; and for raising a certain sum of money by annuities, and a lottery, in manner therein mentioned, to be charged on the said additional duties." ; p. 291-318: "An act for repairing the high road leading from Boroughbridge in the county of York, through North Allerton in the same county to Crostbridge on the river Tees; and from thence through Darlington in the county of Durham, to the city of Durham." ; p. 251-286: "An act for punishing mutiny and desertion; and for the better payment of the army and their quarters." ; p. 219-247: "An act for repairing the road leading from a gate commonly called Sacred Gate, on the south east side of the town of Hedon, in the East Riding of the county of York, through the said town, to Hull North Bridge." ; p. 195-214: "An act for granting and continuing the duties upon salt, and upon red and white herrings, for the further term of six years; and for declaring that the duties on salt, which arise and are payable in that part of Great Britain called Scotland, shall be subject to the same charges theron, as the same duties were liable to be the act of the fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the First." ; p. 163-190: "An act for repairing the road leading from the town of Kingston upon Hull, to and through the town of Anlaby, and from thence to the town of Kirk-Ella, in the county of the said town of Kingston upon Hull." ; p. 143-158: "An act to enable the parishioners of the parish of Saint Margaret, within the borough of King's-Lynn, in the county of Norfolk, to raise money, by rates upon themselves, for finishing the church of the said parish." ; p. 119-138: "An act for continuing the duties upon malt, mum, cyder, and perry, in that part of Great Britain called England; and for granting to His Majesty certain duties upon malt, mum, cyder, and perry, in that part of Great Britain called Scotland, for the service of the year One thousand seven hundred and forty five." ; p. 3-115: "An act for granting an aid to His Majesty by a land tax, to be raised in Great Britain, for the service of the year One thousand seven hundred and forty five." ; The caption title and paging of each act follow ; Contains 38 acts, each with a duplicate of the t.-p. quoted (nos. 15-38, printed 1745) ; Initials ; Signature K² (blank), p. [407-408], omitted in binding ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Bookplate: Mr. Baron Mure ; Contemporary suède calf binding
Entre as diversas maneiras de possibilitar e acelerar a atividade econômica, o enfoque no desenvolvimento local e regional segue sendo pouco explorado. Entretanto, além do benefício econômico tangível que as articulações locais ensejam, desenvolve-se também o senso de pertencimento e comunidade entre os atores que dividem o território, fortalecendo os ativos sociais intangíveis. Uma das iniciativas de dinamização das potencialidades econômicas e sociais locais foi desenvolvido por um grupo de agentes fomentadores no bairro paulistano da Casa Verde, que capacitou um coletivo de costureiras, várias delas em condição de vulnerabilidade social. Um desses agentes foi a iniciativa "Nosso Núcleo Casa Verde", que atuou na transformação do coletivo em cooperativa, identificou oportunidades na comunidade e buscou parcerias com a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo. Sua ideia norteadora foi integrar diversos agentes econômicos do bairro às cadeias locais de produção e consumo. A partir da experiência do Nosso Núcleo Casa Verde, o presente artigo analisa os impactos, desafios e oportunidades vistos pela cooperativa e pela comunidade beneficiada.
La Justicia Transicional es un campo de disputa entre razones filosóficas y alternativas políticas alrededor de ¿cómo procesar en el presente el desangre nacional pasado? y ¿cómo configurar unas políticas hacia el futuro que sirvan para que no se vuelva a repetir el horror? Tanto las razones filosóficas como las alternativas políticas se balancean en una "delgada cuerda" entre quienes defienden radicalmente un "deber de memoria" a favor de las víctimas y quienes aceptan, incluso demandan y razonan, sobre la importancia de ciertas cuotas de olvido a favor de los victimarios y de la nación. Este artículo de reflexión quiere contribuir al debate sobre estos dos horizontes filosóficos y políticos, sobre sus impactos en el caso colombiano y sobre la posibilidad de un "equilibrio reflexivo" entre ambos. ; Transitional Justice is a field of dispute between philosophical reasons and political alternatives about how to process, in the present, the national past bleeding, and how to configure some policies, toward the future, that serve for not to repeat the horror. The philosophical reasons as well as political alternatives move around a thin line between those who radically defend a "duty of memory" in favor of the victims, and those who agree, even require and reason, on the importance of a certain degree of oblivion in favor of the offenders and the nation. This reflection article wants to contribute to the debate on these two philosophical and political horizons, their impacts in the Colombian case and the possibility of a "reflexive balance" between both.
No other recorded copy of this work identified at time of cataloging. ; Royal arms at head of title.500 ; Last word of first line of text: 'in'; first word of line below initial: 'been'; last word of last full line of text: 'Act'. ; Signatures: 2D². ; Imprint from colophon. ; Date in title enclosed in square brackets. ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Using the incident of the scuttling of the USS Le Baron Russell Briggs, loaded with roughly 22,000 tons of outdated chemical weapons in 1970, this contribution extrapolates how, why, and when in the United States chemical weapons that had been produced as the ultimate answer to the risk of nuclear war became reframed as a risk themselves. The analysis settles on how questions of knowing and not-knowing about potentialities of future events influenced these re-negotiation processes between the myriad actors involved such as the US military, politicians, environmentalists, Anti-Vietnam activists, and the American public. Beyond analyzing historic examples of risk assessment and management, this contribution also demonstrates how we can read the history of the Cold War as a history or risk. I argue that studying the controversy of operation CHASE 13, the sinking of the SS L. B. Briggs, from a risk perspective opens up new avenues into understanding the Cold War from a social and cultural perspective while integrating political and environmental history.
