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This article is intended to provide a global view of the processes of "confessionalization" and "social discipline" of European societies in the 16th and 17th centuries. At the same time we aim to demonstrate the necessary correlation between these two historiographical paradigms and their relevance for the analysis of religious, political and social phenomena of Modern Age. ; Con este artículo se pretende ofrecer una visión global sobre los procesos de "confesionalización" y "disciplinamiento social" de las sociedades europeas de los siglos XVI y XVII. Paralelamente nos planteamos demostrar la necesaria correlación de estos dos paradigmas historiográficos y su relevancia para el análisis de los fenómenos religiosos, políticos y sociales de la Edad Moderna.

ABSTRACTTo date, most of the literature on trade networks in West Africa has considered networks in a metaphorical way. The aim of this paper is to go one step further by showing how social network analysis may be applied to the study of regional trade in West Africa. After a brief review of the literature, this exploratory paper investigates two main issues related to regional trade. We start by discussing how recent developments in regional trade in West Africa have contributed to challenging the social structure of traders. We then discuss the changes that have affected the spatiality of regional trade by looking at the influence of spatial location and geographic scale on traders' abilities to trade. In both cases, we argue that the value of social network analysis in exploring how traders have progressively adapted to social and spatial changes in economic activities has been greatly underestimated. Our discussion is illustrated with the case of two trade networks located between Niger, Benin and Nigeria.

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to develop a concept of organization of the system of science and education in the form 4.0 based on human and artificial intellectual capital.Design/methodology/approachThe methods of regression and correlation analysis are used. The role of human and artificial intellectual capital for provision of effectiveness and competitiveness of the system of science and education is determined, as well as its correspondence to the modern challenges. Analysis of perspectives and limitations of automatization of the system of science and education based on AI is conducted; a model of organization of the system of science and education in the form 4.0 based on human and artificial intellectual capital is compiled.FindingsIt is established that in the system of science and education, the decisive production factor is intellectual capital, but human intellect does not necessarily have to dominate in its structure. AI is one of the most popular technologies of Industry 4.0 in the system of science and education, which has wide perspectives of practical implementation. As experience of the leading world universities, which had the highest level of digitization in 2018, showed, foundation on non-breakthrough digital technologies (computer equipment and Internet) does not allow opening the potential of increase of indicators of effectiveness and competitiveness of the system of science and education and bringing it in correspondence to the modern challenges based on digitization. However, correlation of activity of application of artificial intellectual capital with these indicators is four times higher (0.2), as compared to correlation of these indicators with activity of application of human intellectual capital (0.05). This shows demand for digitization of the system of science and education, but based on breakthrough digital technologies, of which AI should become the key one.Originality/valueIt is substantiated that higher education could be automatized based on AI by 85% and science by 63%. Therefore, on the whole in the system of science and education, the share of AI in the structure of intellectual capital could reach 74% ((85 + 63)/2). It is recommended to use the developed model of organization of the system of science and education in the form 4.0 based on human and artificial intellectual capital.

The objective of this research is to find empirical evidence about the effect of ownership structure on corporate social responsibility disclosure. This research uses non-financial companies that consistently listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from the year 2013 to 2017. Samples are obtained using purposive sampling method, in which 62 companies listed meet the sampling criteria; resulting 310 data available are taken as sample. Multiple linear regression and hypothesis test are used as data analysis method of this research. This research result shows that managerial ownership positively affects corporate social responsibility disclosure, while other ownerships (foreign ownership, institutional ownership and government ownership) have no effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure. The result indicates that reducing agency problem with increased managerial ownership is effective on increasing corporate social responsibility disclosure in Indonesia.

"The aim of this chapter is to consider how conceptual and investigative trends over the past half-century (i.e., 1970s to 2020s; the "modern era," Collins, 2011) shaped the theoretical and investigative agendas that drive contemporary research on social development. This historical analysis begins by briefly examining some of the ideological and empirical foundations of the modern era. It then proceeds to identify the dominant aims and foci of social development discipline during the past half-century and trace the major research trends and substantive developments that transpired during that epoch. Of particular interest are research agendas that supersede individual substantive areas and thereby exemplify the overarching purposes of the larger scientific enterprise. Finally, this analysis traces some of the conceptual and empirical forces that transformed the discipline, including shifts in explanatory foci and frameworks, the influx of socio-cultural issues and crises, and the introduction of novel research methods and analytic strategies."--

Investigates the role of international actors in the making of social policy in South East Europe. This book charts the variable influence that international actors such as formal organisations, non-governmental organisations, consulting companies and individual transnational policy entrepreneurs have on key policy issues

Many Palestinians immigrate for higher education due to the political conflicts faced by the nation. A large number has found Eastern Mediterranean University as a convenient place to pursue their education. As the geographical distance between these students and their families became greater, the easiest and fastest way to communicate became social media as it is today's trends. Thus, Facebook as the most preferred social network is valuable in the world of communication. The method of study will be qualitative. The methodology will be based on focus groups of male Palestinian students. The field study is Eastern Mediterranean University, a state university in North Cyprus with Palestinian as one of the largest foreign population on the campus. The interviews/discussions will be held in 3 different groups of six participants each. Thus, data will be triangulated than similarities discussed in themes. The samples selection is based on the fact according to a survey conducted by Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) most of the emigrants were young, single men. It also found more males than females were emigrating for education. The population of the focus group was selected randomly. The research must be conducted with an objective to collect and store sources of data, in a systematic manner using literature review and a thematic analysis. The goal is to analyze family communication and understand the vitality of family relation through the use of social media amongst student living abroad for educational reasons. The results show how the role of Facebook in the life of Palestinian students is complex as it may serve for good or for bad. Results also show that the impact of Facebook on families is not to be ignored, especially among Palestinian students whose main mean of communication with families is social media for the most may lead to questioning the vitality of family relation in their lives. The study highlights the factors that can most likely affect international students due to the use of social media. ; ÖZ: Birçok Filistinliler, ulusun karşı karşıya kaldığı politik çatışmalar nedeniyle yüksek öğrenime göç ediyor. Birçok Filistinli öğrenciler eğitimlerini sürdürmek için Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesini çok uygun bir yer olarak görmektedirler. Bu öğrenciler ve aileleri arasındaki coğrafi mesafe daha da arttıkça, sosyal medya, bugünün eğilimleri olduğu gibi, iletişim kurmanın en kolay ve en hızlı yolu haline olmuştur. Böylece, Facebook en çok tercih edilen sosyal ağ olarak iletişim dünyasında çok önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın metodu niteliksel olacaktır. Metodoloji, erkek Filistinli öğrencilerin odak gruplarına dayanıyor olacaktır. Alan araştırması olarak Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Kuzey Kıbrıs'taki bir devlet üniversitesi olup, kampusunda en büyük yabancı nüfustan biri olan Filistinli öğrenciler sahibtır. Görüşmeler, her biri altı katılımcının bulunduğu 3 farklı grupta gerçekleştirilecektir. Böylece, veriler temalarda tartışılan benzerliklere kıyasla üçgenleştirilecektir. Örneklem seçimi, Filistin Merkez İstatistik Bürosu (PCBS) tarafından yürütülen ve göç edenlerin çoğunun genç, bekar erkekler olduğu bir ankete göre yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca, eğitim için kadınlardan daha fazla erkek göç edilimektedir. Odak grubunun nüfusu rasgele seçilmiştir. Araştırma, literatür taraması ve tematik bir analiz kullanarak veri kaynaklarını sistematik bir şekilde toplamak ve depolamak için bir amaca uygun olarak yürütülmelidir. Amaç, eğitim nedenleriyle yurtdışında yaşayan öğrenciler arasında sosyal medya kullanımı yoluyla aile iletişimini analiz etmek ve aile ilişkisinin canlılığını anlamaktır. Sonuçlar, Filistinli öğrencilerin hayatında Facebook'un rolünün nasıl iyi veya kötü hizmet edebileceği açısından karmaşık olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar ayrıca Facebook'un aileler üzerindeki etkisinin görmezden gelinmediğini, özellikle ailelerle olan iletişimin en çok olduğu sosyal medyanın hayatlarında aile ilişkisinin canlılığını sorgulamasına neden olan Filistinli öğrenciler arasında görmezden gelinmediğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, sosyal medyanın kullanımı nedeniyle uluslararası öğrencileri etkileyebilecek faktörleri vurgulamaktadır. ; Master of Arts in Communication and Media Studies. Thesis (M.A.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Communication, Dept. of Communication and Media Studies, 2017. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bahire Efe

ABSTRACT
Diversity, equity, and social justice are now ever more salient for organizations as we all grapple with how to create a more just, compassionate, and humane world. The accounting profession, with its traditional norms and practice, is no stranger to decades of discrimination, which has proven challenging to address despite visible outcomes of victimization and marginalization of multiple groups (Hammond 1995; Annisette 2003; Anderson-Gough, Grey, and Robson 2005; Carmona and Ezzamel 2016; Rumens 2016; Rosenthal 2019; Brown-Liburd and Joe 2020). Marginalized groups include, for example, people from historically oppressed racial, religious, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds; people of nonconforming gender or noncisgender and of nonheterosexual orientations; people with disabilities; and people from low socioeconomic backgrounds and their intersections.

• Summary. The main aim of this article is to assess the attention paid in social work to the role of parenting coordinator (PC). These professionals offer individualised support to high-conflict families in their implementation of parenting plans, normalising the relationship between parents and safeguarding the protection of minors. This form of alternative dispute resolution is being incorporated into the judicial system of various countries in a highly heterogeneous manner, with some countries such as Spain and Portugal experiencing uncertain times. A systematic literature review was performed, incorporating existing international studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese as well as court rulings in Spain, to identify the presence of social work as a discipline in this new professional role. • Findings. The findings show that despite the suitable training background of social workers, the involvement of their professional associations and their contributions to the function performed by PCs, there is no specific social work research focused on this area of knowledge. • Applications. The main contribution of this study is the commitment to a new professional niche for social work, traditionally occupied by psychologists. The emphasis should be placed not so much on the original training of the professional, but rather on his or her complementary training and accredited experience in highly conflictive situations.

A critique of social constructivist approaches to the question of nature's ontological status is offered; moreover, the debate surrounding whether nature's ontology is essentially materialist or idealist is also critiqued. An outline of social constructivist approaches to nature is presented; specific attention is directed toward the influence of Immanuel Kant & G. W. F. Hegel on social constructivism. Four types of defense for social constructivist treatments of nature are identified, eg, support from antipositivist philosophers. Criticisms of social constructivism are subsequently separated into four categories: basic logical matters (eg, the self-refutation of relativism); the existence of incommensurable conceptual schemes; external constraints; & political problems (eg, the failure to accept that some objective entities do exist). It is asserted that the debate between materialists & idealists over nature's ontological status is itself inherently flawed. It is concluded that Karl Marx's Theses on Feuerbach provides a tentative framework for overcoming the current debate's paradoxical nature. J. W. Parker

Preliminary Material --Mikuláš Teich: A Biographical Sketch /Kurt Bayertz and Roy Porter --Business History: Cinderella, Prince Charming or Ugly Sister? /Terry Gourvish --Darwin's Revolution /Robert N. Proctor --The different faces of science: is genetics a social construct? /Benno Müller-Hill --Bare Heads against Red Hats: a Portrait of Paracelsus /Charles Webster --Science – Education and Culture. Ideas and Concepts of German Nineteenth Century Scientists /Dietrich von Engelhardt --Thomas George Hodgkins (1803–92) and the future of Research at the Royal Institution (London) and the Smithsonian Institution (Washington) /William H. Brock --Biology as Technology /Kurt Bayertz and Patricia Nevers --From the "Originary Phenomenon" to the "System of Pelagic Fishery": Johannes Muller (1801–1858) and the Relation Between Physiology and Philosophy /Hans-Jörg Rheinberger --A Male Mind in a Female Body: Sexology, Homosexuality and the Woman Question in Germany, 1869–1914 /Katharina Rowold --The Naturalist Tradition: A Natural History /Paul Lawrence Farber --Medicine, the Body, and the Botanical Metaphor in Erotica /Julie Peakman --Biology of Liberation: Some Historical Aspects of "Proletarian Race Hygienics" /Reinhard Mocek --Credit and Resistance: Eijkman and the Transformation of Beri-Beri into a Vitamin Deficiency Disease /Harmke Kamminga --Gout and Quakery; Or, Banks and Mountebanks /Roy Porter --Notes on Contributors /Kurt Bayertz and Roy Porter --Mikuláš Teich: Bibliography /Kurt Bayertz and Roy Porter.