Suchergebnisse

The significant energy demands of wine production pose both a challenge and an opportunity for adopting a low-carbon, more sustainable and potentially less expensive energy model. Nevertheless, the (dis)incentives for the wider adoption of local production and self-consumption of energy (also known as "prosumerism") from renewable energy sources (RESs) are still not sufficiently addressed, nor are the broader social-ecological benefits of introducing RES as part of a sustainable viticulture strategy. Drawing on the social-ecological systems (SESs) resilience framework, this article presents the results of a Living Lab (an action-research approach) implemented in Alentejo (South of Portugal), which is an important wine-producing Mediterranean region. The triangulation of results from the application of a multi-method approach, including quantitative and qualitative methods, provided an understanding of the constraining and enabling factors for individual and collective RES prosumer initiatives. Top enablers are related to society's expectation for a greener wine production, but also the responsibility to contribute to reducing carbon emissions and energy costs; meanwhile, the top constraints are financial, legal and technological. The conclusions offer some policy implications and avenues for future research. ; This research was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 764056.

The thesis involves the proposition of a framework for the sustainability of viticulture in Brazil using a territorial approach built from two exploratory studies in Brazilian wine regions of Campanha Gaúcha and Vale do São Francisco based on preliminary studies. Those studies involved technical visits in three countries (France, Italy and Spain) and frameworks' observations in another five (South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, USA and Chile). The framework proposed is called BaccuS. It is structured on a matrix basis, with an axis corresponding to dimensions and other to guidelines, both in ascending order of complexity and development. There are eighteen topics that represent areas to act to promote the sustainability in the wine territories. They articulate the five sustainability dimensions (environment, economic, social, political-institutional and territorial) and the four guidelines (management, articulation and cooperation, innovation and learning and sustainability). Each topic has indicators, in which factors to consider and practical examples in Brazil or internationally are detailed. Additionally, ten synthesis indicators specify initiatives or programs that can be implemented to impact positively on several indicators. The BaccuS framework can be applied in several scales, in the winery or the territory. ; La thèse porte sur la proposition d'un protocole pour le développement durable de la viticulture du Brésil, avec un approche territorial, a partir de deux études exploratoires au Brésil, dans les régions viticoles de la Campanha Gaúcha et de la Vale do São Francisco, et basée sur des investigations préliminaires, ce qui impliquait des pratique de terrain dans trois pays (la France, l'Italie et l'Espagne) et l'observation des standards et programmes dans autres cinq (l'Afrique du Sud, l'Australie, la Nouvelle Zélande, les États Unis et le Chili). Le protocole proposé s'appelle BaccuS, qui est structurée sous forme matricielle, avec un axe correspondant à des dimensions et d'autres à des lignes ...

The California wine-grape sector has invested considerable time, money and effort in collective enterprises to reach fellow growers and assess the industry as a whole on sustainability. At the same time, California wine-grape production has become increasingly branded by particular geographic regions. Premium wine grapes are grown in regions with high population growth, high land values and often, charged environmental politics. Growers and their institutions have developed several agro-environmental partnerships to assess, improve and publicly represent their environmental stewardship and farming practices. We review trends in several regional and statewide indicators of sustainability, including crush prices, grape acreage, population growth and pesticide use. This review is based on 2 years of field research with participants in wine-grape partnerships, a review of documentary evidence, technical advisory work with the programs and summary assessment of case-study data, as well as an analysis of 10 years of Pesticide Use Report data for California wine-grape growers.

The thesis involves the proposition of a framework for the sustainability of viticulture in Brazil using a territorial approach built from two exploratory studies in Brazilian wine regions of Campanha Gaúcha and Vale do São Francisco based on preliminary studies. Those studies involved technical visits in three countries (France, Italy and Spain) and frameworks' observations in another five (South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, USA and Chile). The framework proposed is called BaccuS. It is structured on a matrix basis, with an axis corresponding to dimensions and other to guidelines, both in ascending order of complexity and development. There are eighteen topics that represent areas to act to promote the sustainability in the wine territories. They articulate the five sustainability dimensions (environment, economic, social, political-institutional and territorial) and the four guidelines (management, articulation and cooperation, innovation and learning and sustainability). Each topic has indicators, in which factors to consider and practical examples in Brazil or internationally are detailed. Additionally, ten synthesis indicators specify initiatives or programs that can be implemented to impact positively on several indicators. The BaccuS framework can be applied in several scales, in the winery or the territory. ; La thèse porte sur la proposition d'un protocole pour le développement durable de la viticulture du Brésil, avec un approche territorial, a partir de deux études exploratoires au Brésil, dans les régions viticoles de la Campanha Gaúcha et de la Vale do São Francisco, et basée sur des investigations préliminaires, ce qui impliquait des pratique de terrain dans trois pays (la France, l'Italie et l'Espagne) et l'observation des standards et programmes dans autres cinq (l'Afrique du Sud, l'Australie, la Nouvelle Zélande, les États Unis et le Chili). Le protocole proposé s'appelle BaccuS, qui est structurée sous forme matricielle, avec un axe correspondant à des dimensions et d'autres à des lignes directrices, organisées dans une ordre croissant de complexité et de développement. Les cinq dimensions (environnemental, économique, social, politique-institutionnelle et territorial) et les quatre directrices (la gestion, l'articulation et coopération, l'innovation et l'apprentissage et le développement durable) sont articulés par dix-huit thèmes, qui représentent les aspects principaux pour l'action pour promouvoir le développement durable dans les territoires du vin. Chaque thème a des indicateurs, qui sont détaillés en facteurs à considérer et des exemple pratique d'application au Brésil ou dans le contexte international. Ainsi, dix indicateurs de synthèse indiquent des initiatives ou programmes que peuvent être démarrés et répercuter positivement dans d'autres indicateurs. Le BaccuS peut être utilisé dans des échelles diverses, dans les producteurs ou territoires. ; A tese envolve a proposição de um protocolo para a sustentabilidade da vitivinicultura do Brasil com uma abordagem territorial a partir de dois estudos exploratórios na Campanha Gaúcha e no Vale do São Francisco baseados em pesquisas prévias. Essas pesquisas contaram com trabalho de campo em três países (França, Itália e Espanha) e observação de protocolo em outros cinco (África do Sul, Austrália, Nova Zelândia, Estados Unidos e Chile). O protocolo proposto é chamado BaccuS. É estruturado em forma matricial, com um eixo correspondendo a dimensões e outro a diretrizes, ambas em ordem crescente de complexidade e desenvolvimento. As cinco dimensões de sustentabilidade (ambiental, econômica, social, político-institucional e territorial) e as quatro diretrizes (gestão, articulação e cooperação, inovação e aprendizado e sustentabilidade) são articuladas por 18 temas, que representam áreas principais para a ação, de modo a promover a sustentabilidade no território do vinho. Cada tema possui indicadores, nos quais exemplos práticos de aplicação no Brasil ou internacionalmente são considerados. Além disso, dez indicadores de síntese indicam iniciativa ou programas que podem ser implantados e repercutir positivamente em diversos indicadores. O protocolo BaccuS pode ser aplicado em diversas escalas, na vinícola ou no território.

The thesis involves the proposition of a framework for the sustainability of viticulture in Brazil using a territorial approach built from two exploratory studies in Brazilian wine regions of Campanha Gaúcha and Vale do São Francisco based on preliminary studies. Those studies involved technical visits in three countries (France, Italy and Spain) and frameworks' observations in another five (South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, USA and Chile). The framework proposed is called BaccuS. It is structured on a matrix basis, with an axis corresponding to dimensions and other to guidelines, both in ascending order of complexity and development. There are eighteen topics that represent areas to act to promote the sustainability in the wine territories. They articulate the five sustainability dimensions (environment, economic, social, political-institutional and territorial) and the four guidelines (management, articulation and cooperation, innovation and learning and sustainability). Each topic has indicators, in which factors to consider and practical examples in Brazil or internationally are detailed. Additionally, ten synthesis indicators specify initiatives or programs that can be implemented to impact positively on several indicators. The BaccuS framework can be applied in several scales, in the winery or the territory. ; La thèse porte sur la proposition d'un protocole pour le développement durable de la viticulture du Brésil, avec un approche territorial, a partir de deux études exploratoires au Brésil, dans les régions viticoles de la Campanha Gaúcha et de la Vale do São Francisco, et basée sur des investigations préliminaires, ce qui impliquait des pratique de terrain dans trois pays (la France, l'Italie et l'Espagne) et l'observation des standards et programmes dans autres cinq (l'Afrique du Sud, l'Australie, la Nouvelle Zélande, les États Unis et le Chili). Le protocole proposé s'appelle BaccuS, qui est structurée sous forme matricielle, avec un axe correspondant à des dimensions et d'autres à des lignes directrices, organisées dans une ordre croissant de complexité et de développement. Les cinq dimensions (environnemental, économique, social, politique-institutionnelle et territorial) et les quatre directrices (la gestion, l'articulation et coopération, l'innovation et l'apprentissage et le développement durable) sont articulés par dix-huit thèmes, qui représentent les aspects principaux pour l'action pour promouvoir le développement durable dans les territoires du vin. Chaque thème a des indicateurs, qui sont détaillés en facteurs à considérer et des exemple pratique d'application au Brésil ou dans le contexte international. Ainsi, dix indicateurs de synthèse indiquent des initiatives ou programmes que peuvent être démarrés et répercuter positivement dans d'autres indicateurs. Le BaccuS peut être utilisé dans des échelles diverses, dans les producteurs ou territoires. ; A tese envolve a proposição de um protocolo para a sustentabilidade da vitivinicultura do Brasil com uma abordagem territorial a partir de dois estudos exploratórios na Campanha Gaúcha e no Vale do São Francisco baseados em pesquisas prévias. Essas pesquisas contaram com trabalho de campo em três países (França, Itália e Espanha) e observação de protocolo em outros cinco (África do Sul, Austrália, Nova Zelândia, Estados Unidos e Chile). O protocolo proposto é chamado BaccuS. É estruturado em forma matricial, com um eixo correspondendo a dimensões e outro a diretrizes, ambas em ordem crescente de complexidade e desenvolvimento. As cinco dimensões de sustentabilidade (ambiental, econômica, social, político-institucional e territorial) e as quatro diretrizes (gestão, articulação e cooperação, inovação e aprendizado e sustentabilidade) são articuladas por 18 temas, que representam áreas principais para a ação, de modo a promover a sustentabilidade no território do vinho. Cada tema possui indicadores, nos quais exemplos práticos de aplicação no Brasil ou internacionalmente são considerados. Além disso, dez indicadores de síntese indicam iniciativa ou programas que podem ser implantados e repercutir positivamente em diversos indicadores. O protocolo BaccuS pode ser aplicado em diversas escalas, na vinícola ou no território.

International audience ; In the light of its negative impacts on the environment and human health,conventional agriculture is currently facing new challenges; for example, reducing pesticide reliance, improving biodiversity, adapting to climate change and reconciling winegrowers with consumers, which require changes to be made to vineyard management. A shift towards more sustainable agriculture via the development of agroecological systems may be key to meeting these environmental, economic and social challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of existing viticultural systems, as well as that of three new scenarios that we built to change conventional vine production systems and their related practices. The end aim is to adopt the principles of agroecology and more virtuously, to ensure that vine production remains in line with societal expectations. First, thirty-eight different viticultural systems were chosen. Three realistic scenarios for changing these production systems were then built by working with stakeholders and incorporating the best practices that had been identified in the vineyard. Conventional practices were optimised in the first scenario and an agroecological approach was adopted for the other two scenarios: an Agroecological scenario (using synthetic chemicals) and an Agroecological-Bio scenario (organic system). All three scenarios were based on a combination of good practices which contribute to enhancing vineyard biodiversity, and which thus restore biological regulation and in turn reduce pesticides. The viticultural systems performances have been evaluated with a methodology involving multicriteria decision aid usingELECTRE Tri-C and ELECTRE III methods. Seven evaluation criteria were selected which covered socio-economic performance (economic profitability workload and system complexity) and environmental performance (pesticide pressure, pesticide ecotoxicity, agroecological practices and pesticide drift).The best performances were achieved by the two agroecological ...

The aim of this book is to show how wine tourism can be used as a model for sustainable economic development, driving economic growth and social development in some locations. It will explore the interaction between tourism and viticulture in wine tourism destinations, while also explaining some of the repercussions of these activities. This book covers various topics including regional development, environmental management, sustainable viticulture, quality management in wineries and wine tourism routes among others. Wine tourism, which combines two important yet distinct economic activities (i.e., tourism and viticulture), has recently emerged as a new tourism product driven by tourists' search for new experiences and wineries' need to diversify their businesses and seek new revenue streams to boost sales. This new form of tourism, which typically takes place in rural areas and which combines wine production with tourist activities, is becoming important for such regions by providing a complementary income source. It provides a model for sustainable economic development for these regions, which for various reasons may otherwise struggle to develop. Featuring cases and business implications from various locations, this book provides an important source of knowledge-both theoretical and practical-suitable to academics, scholars, researchers, and practitioners in the tourism sector and the wine industry.

Grapevine shoots and canes represent a significant amount of biomass, considered as a waste in viticulture. In cooler climates, grapevines are pruned in the autumn (October) and spring (March) due to harsh winter conditions (e.g., snow, low temperatures), and large amounts of biomass are produced at these different pruning times. This work was undertaken in order to investigate the potential of vineyard pruning waste for recovery of polyphenolic compounds for biomass valorization. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of grapevine shoot and cane polyphenols, including flavonoids and stilbenoids were performed using UHPLC MS/MS method. The results revealed the flavonols (quercetin) to be the most abundant compounds in shoots among all the three cultivars screened (Zilga, Hasansky Sladky, Rondo). Stilbenoids (ε-viniferin) dominated in the canes, while increased level of flavonols with lower contents of stilbenoids was detected in the endodormant canes, and higher amounts of flavanols and stilbenoids were recorded in eco-dormant canes. In conclusion, the content of polyphenols in grapevine shoots and canes differed among the cultivars and dormancy phases. The results generated from the present study contribute to the sustainable and environmentally friendly viticulture practice via valorization of vineyard pruning wastes. ; This research received funding from the ongoing project—Valortech, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under a grant agreement No 810630. Funding received from Mobilitas Pluss ERA-Chair support (Grant no. MOBEC006 ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences) is acknowledged.

Formulation of the problem. Winemaking in ATU Gagauzia is a strategic industry. The share of wine-making in the total industrial production of ATU Gagauzia is 60 per cent. The wine-making potential is represented by 16 wine-making enterprises. However, not all of them are ready to accept tourists and develop wine tourism. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The study aimed to identify the heritage of wine tourism in the ATU Gagauzia, with the main aim of elaborating development strategies for the wine tourism potential and ensuring a sustainable regional development. Presentation of the main material (results of work). Viticulture and wine tourism (enotourism) is currently a promising and profitable direction for the development of rural tourism in rural areas. It includes not only learning the technology of growing grapes, wine production, but also learning the history, culture, and traditions of the region. The wine tourism, as part of rural tourism, directly contributes to the development of regional economic. In the EU policy, the development of enotourism plays an important role in the development of wine-makers services and employment growth in rural areas. Factors contributing to the development of wine tourism in ATU Gagauzia are: a special combination of climatic and soil conditions creates a favorable terroir for winemaking; high industry concentration of production and a wide assortment line of wine products; availability of development potential associated with viticulture and viniculture tourism: rural, environmental, gastronomic and ethnographic. Conclusions. There are three main strategic goals of development of the potential of viticulture and wine tourism in atu Gagauzia: development of tourist destinations of Gagauzia based on active wineries; formation of attractions (hotel and restaurant business, museums, folk crafts, concert organizations, and theater) around "zones of attraction" - wineries; promoting the emergence and development of network interaction of the main players of tourism development.

Common Agricultural Policy /CAP/ of the European Union consists rules and mechanisms that regulate the production, marketing of agricultural products in the European Union and development of rural areas. Nowadays CAP is oriented to sustainable farming development, environmental benefits and landscape, quality and food safety. The effects on vine from the implementation of the CAP in Bulgaria can be assessed as positive about 10% as the CAP for Arable Area Payments Scheme and market intervention has proved as ineffective for Bulgarian vine. It is not yet satisfactory the situation with the spending of funds from National Program for Support in the vine sector. Absorption of funds in the first of the measures "Restructuring and Conversion" is about 53%. The second measure "Crop Insurance" is used with great interest and has a high absorption of funds.There is a problem with the spending of funds in the third measure "Promotion in third countries". For grape growers a new export opportunities mean that they should not abandon but to maintain and to improve their vineyards or invest in the creation of new vineyards. Unfortunately funds under this measure have not yet been implemented. The future perspectives for development of vine and wine sector in Bulgaria depend mainly from the implementation of a more active policy to increase the trade with countries interested in our wines, such as Sweden, Finland, Denmarkand, Russia and some Asian countries. This will expand the market opportunities of the sector.

. In Quebec (Canada), viticulture is practiced at the fringe of what is known as a cool climate area. Quebec has a very recent history of viticultural entomology as the first artisanal permit for wine making was issued by the Quebec Government in 1985, and the first formal research project about arthropods associated with vineyards was initiated in 1997. The Quebec viticultural industry has consistently developed over ca. 35 years and, given the prospects of global warming, warmer abiotic conditions will allow to cultivate cultivars of better oenological value. Meanwhile, some invasive species that recently arrived in Quebec are causing concerns because they are threatening the sustainability of pest management programs. In this article, we will review of the evolution of entomological research in Quebec vineyards. We will then treat technology transfer activities that allowed to translate research results into protection programs. Finally, we will discuss new and coming entomological problems that are challenging the sustainability of pest management programs in Quebec vineyards.

Vineyards and their associated socio-economic activities are relevant sectors worldwide. Still, this agroecosystem is one of the most intensely managed crops and erosion-prone land areas. The conventional viticulture practices to control pests, diseases, and weeds, like tillage and agrochemical applications, accelerate the loss of soil biodiversity and compromise the presence of beneficial soil organisms such as the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Such human disturbances in the agroecosystems can strongly affect abiotic (e.g., soil texture and properties) and biotic factors (natural enemies and potential competitors) that modulate the EPN activity as biological control agents. For the first time in viticulture, this study aimed to investigate the impact of differentiating management on the EPN community and associated soil organisms and if their assemblage will provide indicators of better practices for sustainable farming. We hypothesized that organic pest management and alternative strategies to tillage might enhance the abundance and activity of the native EPN community in vineyard soils. In autumn 2019, we collected two composite soil samples from 80 vineyards distributed across the Guaranteed Designation of Origin (denominated DOCa) Rioja region. The sites belonged to one category of each of the two factors: pest management (integrated vs. organic, 40 plots each) and soil managing (tillage vs. cover cropping, 48 and 32 vineyards, respectively). Isolated through sucrose-gradient centrifugation and employing species-specific primers/probe qPCR sets, we investigated the presence of ten EPN species and associated soil organisms: four free-living nematodes (FLNs), six nematophagous fungi (NF), and two ectoparasitic bacteria (EcPB). Besides, we estimated the EPN activity using the traditional insect-bait method. We included in the analysis twenty soil variables to characterize the evaluated treatments and assess their impact on soil organism distribution. Our results provide evidence on the support of organic viticulture to beneficial soil organisms, notably the activity of native EPNs. We also reported a higher abundance of S. feltiae (the predominant steinernematid species in Europe) and FLNs for organic farming than IMP, while the presence of NF and EcPB resulted in unaffected. Contrarily, the soil management practices considered did not differ in their impact on EPNs or their natural enemies/competitors, even if contrasted for several soil properties. Future research may expand the screened soil-dwelling species using novel molecular technics to unravel their complex interactions and determine the best farming practices to preserve soil health. ; The authors thank to all the DOCa Rioja wineries and winegrowers involved in this study for sharing their vineyards. We appreciate the help offered by Esperanza López Ubis (Government of La Rioja, Spain) for her support in the search of organic farmers. We also thank Dr. David Gramaje Pérez and members of Biovitis Lab (ICVV-CSIC, Spain) for kindly sharing their equipment. The pre-doctoral contracts CAR-2018 (Department of Economic Development and Innovation of the Government of La Rioja, Spain) and FPI-UR 2021 (University of La Rioja, Spain) support RBP and IVD, respectively. Similarly, RCH received the grant RYC-2016-19939 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and "ESF Investing in your future". This study was also funded by the Instituto de Estudios Riojanos (IER, Government of La Rioja, Spain, ref. 21/2021). ; Peer reviewed

The international scope of the Mediterranean wine trade in Late Antiquity raises important questions concerning sustainability in an ancient international economy and offers a valuable historical precedent to modern globalization. Such questions involve the role of intercontinental commerce in maintaining sustainable production within important supply regions and the vulnerability of peripheral regions believed to have been especially sensitive to environmental and political disturbances. We provide archaeobotanical evidence from trash mounds at three sites in the central Negev Desert, Israel, unraveling the rise and fall of viticulture over the second to eighth centuries of the common era (CE). Using quantitative ceramic data obtained in the same archaeological contexts, we further investigate connections between Negev viticulture and circum-Mediterranean trade. Our findings demonstrate interrelated growth in viticulture and involvement in Mediterranean trade reaching what appears to be a commercial scale in the fourth to mid-sixth centuries. Following a mid-sixth century peak, decline of this system is evident in the mid- to late sixth century, nearly a century before the Islamic conquest. These findings closely correspond with other archaeological evidence for social, economic, and urban growth in the fourth century and decline centered on the mid-sixth century. Contracting markets were a likely proximate cause for the decline; possible triggers include climate change, plague, and wider sociopolitical developments. In long-term historical perspective, the unprecedented commercial florescence of the Late Antique Negev appears to have been unsustainable, reverting to an age-old pattern of smaller-scale settlement and survival–subsistence strategies within a time frame of about two centuries.