Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACT: The process of identifying a contaminated area involves a preliminary assessment consisting of chemical analysis and comparison with guideline values. In Brazil, these values are included in the CONAMA Resolution no. 420/2009, based on chemical analysis and phytotoxicity. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of copper in two natural soils in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a Haplic Planosol (sandy) and a Red-Yellow Argisol (medium texture), to verify if the values established by the legislation offer protection to the soil fauna. Lethality and reproduction tests were performed with Eisenia andrei worms and Folsomia candida springtails. Results indicated copper values in Planosol as LC50 435 mg kg 1 and EC50 29 mg kg 1 for E. Andrei and LC10 137 mg kg 1 and EC50 117 mg kg 1 for F. candida. In Argisol, these results were LC50 690 mg kg 1 and EC50 61 mg kg 1 for E. andrei, and LC10 42 mg kg 1 and EC50 138 mg kg 1 for F. candida. Values reported are lower than the research value (200 mg kg-1) established by the CONAMA resolution 420/09, indicating that concentrations lower than the limit values may affect these organisms, depending on the type of soil. Worms were more sensitive than springtails to copper contamination, and sandy soil was more susceptible to ecotoxicity due to copper contamination, probably due to the greater bioavailability of the metal. Results of such ecotoxicity tests should be considered in the development of soil guideline values.

The EVS 2017 Methodological Guidelines comprise the recommendations and standards designed for the lifecycle phases of the EVS wave 2017 and agreed with the participating countries.

The article considers the problems of forming and affirming the values of innovative development as new opportunities for development for the state, business and individual households. The need to accelerate the socioeconomic development of the country on an innovative basis through their perception in society as values and means of minimizing the risks of technical and technological backwardness of Ukraine from European countries has led to the relevance of the article. The purpose of the article is to assess the public perception of the values of innovative development of the country, identify barriers to innovation in the country, and identify areas to minimize their impact in the future. The novelty is the results of generalization of the conditions necessary for the transformation of the guidelines of innovative development into values, which are guided by different actors when choosing a model of behavior in the market or in specific life situations. The following research methods are used: system analysis, scientific generalization and comparison, economic and statistical analysis. Against the background of low world rating positions of Ukraine on the innovation index, uneven implementation in various sectors of the economy, funding of science on a residual basis and the decline of its prestige, it is problematic to spread the values of innovation development among management, small and medium sized businesses and individual households. In Ukraine, a positive public perception of innovation, openness to the achievements of science and technology is combined with skepticism about their role in everyday life, the idea of dependence on scientific achievements, which can change the perception of right and wrong in everyone's life. Institutional distrust in Ukrainian society in a chain reaction increases distrust in the results of innovation, especially research. State support for innovation in the country remains weak. The article identifies the main barriers to the positive perception of innovation by society as values formed due to the inefficiency of state regulation of innovative activities of business structures, the lack of a concept for solving the problems of innovative development in the future, limited consumer strategies. The main models of stimulating innovative development used in world practice are considered from the point of view of influence on these processes, their target landmarks, advantages and disadvantages are singled out. Th rough the eff orts of the state, business and the public, Ukraine should develop a European model of stimulating innovative development, changing the modern format of interaction of subjects to a more productive one on the basis of trust, partnership and responsibility.

Fulltext ; Soil investigation may be carried out on various levels of knowledge, research capacity and proficiency. Scientists commonly apply advanced methodology for soil resources inventory, including the professional terminology for landscape and soil description, data acquisition and processing, soil classification and mapping, soil and land evaluation. By default, an internationally accepted system should be recommended. An implementation of such methodology is also recommended in more advanced courses of soil science studies on bachelor and master study levels. However, the long-term teaching experience reveals difficulties connected mainly with complicated terminology and excessive number of characteristics obligatory to know, and justifies some simplification of the language, rules and structure at the introductory stage of teaching. This was the base and rationale for the preparation of simplified Guidelines for Soil Description and Classification: Central and Eastern European Students' Version. This book is divided into three parts. The first one - Site and soil description - follows the layout and content of professional edition of Guidelines for Soil Description, 4th ed., published by FAO (2005), simplified for educational purposes. The order of description has been modified to correspond to the layout of an original Soil description sheet. The second part - Soil classification - is a simplified WRB classification (based on a 2014/2015 edition) limited to reference soil groups known from Central Europe. The third part is an Illustrated explanatory guide that includes: i) examples of typical soil profiles for all Central European Reference Soil Groups; ii) morphological features important for soil description and identification in the field; iii) soil-landscape relationships. The photos have been enriched with graphical tips helpful at the recognizing of important soil features. The textbook was developed in the framework of EU Erasmus+ FACES project (Freely Accessible Central European Soil) aiming to facilitate the knowledge and implementation of an international rules of soil characterization adopted by the FAO. It will be used to unify the presentation of soil data collected in the partner countries. The interpretation of soil data fully based on the international soil classification WRB (World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2015) as WRB was endorsed by the lnternational Union of Soil Sciences (lUSS) and accepted by the European Commission as an official system for the European Union. Therefore, this guideline might be a starting point for preparation of basic teaching materials to spread the knowledge on an internationally recommended rules and terminology for soil description and classification. However, this guideline is designed as teaching tool for students in Central and Eastern European countries and therefore it may not be applicable worldwide. Moreover, it is suited for the "first step" training, and it is not substituting any professional original classification. Authors of this guidebook assume that the users are familiar with the basic knowledge in soil science. Therefore, the guidelines do not contain explanations related to basic soil forming factors, soil forming processes and basic physico-chemical features.

Risk‐based, background, and laboratory quantitation limit‐derived standards for carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) in residential and nonresidential soils vary across the northeast region of the United States. The magnitude and extent of this variation, however, have not been systematically studied. This article examines the technical basis and methodology used by eight northeastern states in the development of risk‐based screening values, guidelines, and standards for cPAHs in soils. Exposure pathways, human receptors, algorithms, and input variables used by each state in the calculation of acceptable human health risks are identified and reviewed within the context of environmental policy and regulatory impacts. Emphasis is placed on a comparative analysis of multipathway exposures (incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and particulate inhalation) and key science‐policy decisions that have led to the promulgation and adoption of different exposure criteria for cPAHs in the Northeast. More than 425 data points and 20 distinct exposure factors across eight state programs, 18 age subgroups, six activity scenarios, and three exposure pathways were systematically evaluated. Risk‐based values for one state varied either above or below risk‐based, background or laboratory quantitation limit‐derived standards of another state for the same cPAH and receptor. Standards for cPAHs in soils were found to differ significantly across the northeast region—in some cases, by one or two orders of magnitude. While interstate differences can be expected to persist, future changes in federal guidance could mean a shift in risk drivers, compliance status, or calculated cumulative risks for individual properties impacted by PAH releases.

International audience ; Following the revision and transposition of the EU Waste Framework Directive into the French legal framework, it has been essential to define guidance and methods for sustainable reuse of excavated soils which would ensure human health and environmental protection. One provision of the European Directive sets that excavated soils that are not reused on site should be considered as waste and managed as such under national policies. In order to clarify these rules and provide stakeholders with a common operational framework, the French Ministry for Environment called upon BRGM and INERIS to draft a guidance for the reuse of excavated soils in off-site locations (i.e. within road construction, or development projects) and to develop the necessary tools for its implementation at local / regional scale. Following a review of European countries practice in this field, methodological tools have been developed with the support of working groups which included a wide range of stakeholders (professional unions, environmental protection association, planners, lawyers, etc.). The tools are now freely available from the French Portal for contaminated land management (http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Guide-de-reutilisation-hors-site.html). After a short presentation on the French Soil management framework, its aims and the general scheme, this paper will focus on the tools that have been developed in support to the implementation program. The first developed tool is Hydrotex. It is used for groundwater risk assessments. It enables to assess whether the reuse of excavated soils in a specific off-site location will affect or not groundwater resource quality. Using the Hydrotex spreadsheet, a specific groundwater concentration is calculated from the excavated soil concentration. This concentration is determined for each off-site receiver site and for each substance of concern at the groundwater target to be protected. To keep track of the excavated soils quality and their reuse, an information ...

International audience ; Following the revision and transposition of the EU Waste Framework Directive into the French legal framework, it has been essential to define guidance and methods for sustainable reuse of excavated soils which would ensure human health and environmental protection. One provision of the European Directive sets that excavated soils that are not reused on site should be considered as waste and managed as such under national policies. In order to clarify these rules and provide stakeholders with a common operational framework, the French Ministry for Environment called upon BRGM and INERIS to draft a guidance for the reuse of excavated soils in off-site locations (i.e. within road construction, or development projects) and to develop the necessary tools for its implementation at local / regional scale. Following a review of European countries practice in this field, methodological tools have been developed with the support of working groups which included a wide range of stakeholders (professional unions, environmental protection association, planners, lawyers, etc.). The tools are now freely available from the French Portal for contaminated land management (http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Guide-de-reutilisation-hors-site.html). After a short presentation on the French Soil management framework, its aims and the general scheme, this paper will focus on the tools that have been developed in support to the implementation program. The first developed tool is Hydrotex. It is used for groundwater risk assessments. It enables to assess whether the reuse of excavated soils in a specific off-site location will affect or not groundwater resource quality. Using the Hydrotex spreadsheet, a specific groundwater concentration is calculated from the excavated soil concentration. This concentration is determined for each off-site receiver site and for each substance of concern at the groundwater target to be protected. To keep track of the excavated soils quality and their reuse, an information ...

International audience ; Following the revision and transposition of the EU Waste Framework Directive into the French legal framework, it has been essential to define guidance and methods for sustainable reuse of excavated soils which would ensure human health and environmental protection. One provision of the European Directive sets that excavated soils that are not reused on site should be considered as waste and managed as such under national policies. In order to clarify these rules and provide stakeholders with a common operational framework, the French Ministry for Environment called upon BRGM and INERIS to draft a guidance for the reuse of excavated soils in off-site locations (i.e. within road construction, or development projects) and to develop the necessary tools for its implementation at local / regional scale. Following a review of European countries practice in this field, methodological tools have been developed with the support of working groups which included a wide range of stakeholders (professional unions, environmental protection association, planners, lawyers, etc.). The tools are now freely available from the French Portal for contaminated land management (http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Guide-de-reutilisation-hors-site.html). After a short presentation on the French Soil management framework, its aims and the general scheme, this paper will focus on the tools that have been developed in support to the implementation program. The first developed tool is Hydrotex. It is used for groundwater risk assessments. It enables to assess whether the reuse of excavated soils in a specific off-site location will affect or not groundwater resource quality. Using the Hydrotex spreadsheet, a specific groundwater concentration is calculated from the excavated soil concentration. This concentration is determined for each off-site receiver site and for each substance of concern at the groundwater target to be protected. To keep track of the excavated soils quality and their reuse, an information ...