Suchergebnisse

Die Europäische Union startete mit ihren Energiestrategien 2020, 2030 und 2050 einen grundlegenden Transformationsprozess, um in allen Mitgliedsländern langfristig wettbewerbsfähige Volkswirtschaften zu etablieren. Diese ambitionierten Klimaziele gehen mit umfangreichen Ausbauzielen für erneuerbare sowie CO2-arme Technologien einher. Der in dieser Arbeit entwickelte komparativ-statische Modellansatz ermöglicht eine Analyse von länderübergreifenden Effekten eines Technologiewechsels in den Stromsektoren von Österreich, Deutschland und Frankreich. Dafür wird ein multi-regionales multi-sektorales Input-Output Modell mit dem Elektrizitätssektormodell ATLANTIS gekoppelt. Der traditionelle Modell-Ansatz wurde um einen Ersatzinvestitions- und einen Konsumkreislauf erweitert, um alle langfristigen Effekte abzudecken. Der Elektrizitätssektor wird anhand eines umfassenden Ansatzes in verschiedene Einzeltechnologien zerlegt. Darauf aufbauend werden basierend auf den Änderungen in den Marktanteilen die Effekte eines Technologiewechsels innerhalb des Stromsektors simuliert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen in Österreich eine steigende lokale Nachfrage sowie eine sinkende Importnachfrage und einen exakt gegenteilige Effekt in Frankreich. In Deutschland sinken sowohl die lokale Nachfrage als auch die Importnachfrage nach Gütern. Außerdem reduziert sich die Beschäftigung in allen drei Regionen im Stromsektor. Es entstehenden leicht positive Produktionseffekte in Österreich, China und im Sektor der elektrischen und optischen Erzeugnisse. In allen anderen Regionen sowie Sektoren entstehen leicht negative Produktionseffekte. Positive Wertschöpfungseffekte entstehen in Deutschland und im Elektrizitätssektor, wohingegen positive Beschäftigungseffekte in China sowie im Sektor der Erzeugung von elektrischen und optischen Produkte auftreten. In den Primärenergie-liefernden Ländern sowie -produzierenden Sektoren entstehen in allen Bereichen leicht negative Effekte. ; The European Union began with the implementation of its comprehensive energy strategies 2020, 2030 and 2050, a profound transition process to establish competitive low-carbon economies. The ambitious climate change goals go hand in hand with several expansion policies of low-carbon production technologies including renewable energy sources and low-emission production technologies in the power sectors. However, this thesis provides a comparative-static model approach, which is capable of analysing the potential inter-regional effects caused by a technology switch in the electricity sectors of Austria, Germany and France by coupling a multi-regional multi-sectoral input output model with the electricity sector model ATLANTIS. Besides the traditional Leontief demand cycle, the model approach realizes a replacement-investment cycle and a consumption cycle to fully cover long-term effects. Since the energy sector is of a very heterogeneous nature, a technology definition approach splits the sector into several production technologies. A market share based technology switch approach then simulates the effects of a structural change in the sector. The results show that an energy transition increases domestic demand while decreasing the import demand in Austria. The opposite can be observed in France while Germany faces a decreased domestic as well as import demand. The employment within the electricity sector decreases in all three regions. Only Austria and China face slightly positive output effects as well as the sector which produces electrical and optical equipment. In all other regions and sectors emerge slightly negative effects. In terms of value added Germany and the electricity sector itself face positive impacts whereas China, along with the sector of electrical and optical production face only positive employment effects. Finally yet importantly, the primary energy delivering regions and the primary energy producing sectors face slightly negative effects. ; Mag. Gerald Feichtinger ; Zusammenfassung in deutscher und in englischer Sprache ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Dissertation, 2017 ; OeBB ; (VLID)2246060

Decision-making at regional scales requires timely information. Within four months of the release of official national statistics, we have produced a time-series (2008–2015) of balanced sub-national, multi-regional supply-and-use tables (MR-SUT), integrated with a set of socio-economic and environmental accounts. This was achieved using the Australian IELab, where data used in this study are available (https://ielab.info/resources/91). Four multi-regional, environmentally extended supply-use tables regionalised in different ways were produced to demonstrate the flexibility of tailoring input–output models to specific research or policy questions. Results for satellite coefficients are sensitive to the chosen regional grouping and method for regionalisation. We demonstrate the relevance of such purpose-built information to government and corporate decision-makers by analysing the indirect economic and employment consequences of a slowdown of the mining boom in Western Australia. The demonstrated innovations in flexibility and timeliness will help move past some of the limitations that have historically hindered the uptake and utility of applied input–output analysis.

"The inclusion of qualitative social data into global environmental and economic input-output (IO) models remained illusive for many years. It was not until around 2013 that researchers found ways to include data, for example, on poverty, inequality, and worker safety, into IO models capable of tracing global supply chains. The sustainable development goals have now propelled this work onto the world stage with some urgency. They have shone a spotlight onto social conditions around the world and brought global trade into the frame for its ability to influence social conditions for good or ill. This book provides a compilation of groundbreaking work on social indicators from the most prominent IO research groups from a wide range of academic backgrounds and from around the world. In addition, it frames this work in the real world of politics, human rights, and business, bringing together a multidisciplinary team to demonstrate the power of IO to illuminate some of the world's most pressing problems. Edited by well-known researchers in the area, Joy Murray, Arunima Malik, and Arne Geschke, the book is designed to appeal to a broad academic and business audience. While many chapters include technical details and references for follow-up reading, it is possible to omit those sections and yet gain a deep appreciation of the power of IO to address seemingly intractable problems."--Provided by publisher

Higher levels of ozone in the troposphere is a severe threat to both environment and human health. Many countries are concerned about the effects that critical levels of ozone have on them. Countries pollute to satisfy their domestic and external demand (production perspective) and, at the same time, these countries also generate emissions abroad indirectly via their imports and via their domestic production (consumption perspective). Spain is one of the EU countries with the highest pollution records in the emissions of tropospheric ozone precursor gases. A multiregional input-output model (MRIO) allows us to analyze the total emissions embodied in Spanish international trade in 35 sectors within the EU area and the rest of the world. MRIO models, are commonly chosen as they provide an appropriate methodological framework for complete emissions footprint estimates at the national and supranational level The results show that the most polluting sectors involved in Spanish trade are Agriculture, Basic Metals, Coke and Refined Petroleum Production. Some policy recommendations follow these results; for example, a higher number of environmental regulations focused on the Agricultural sector, such as the introduction of codes of good practices in the use of fertilizers and the promotion of cleaner production technologies might lead to less burden to the environment. ; Ministerio de economía y competitividad (España) ECO 2014-56399-R. Claves para Desacoplar Crecimiento y Emisiones de Co2 en España ; Cátedra de economía de la energía y del medio ambiente (Universidad de Sevilla) ; Fundación Roger Torné ; Junta de Andalucía. SEJ 132

Environmentally extended multiregional input-output (EE MRIO) tables have emerged as a key framework to provide a comprehensive description of the global economy and analyze its effects on the environment. Of the available EE MRIO databases, EXIOBASE stands out as a database compatible with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) with a high sectorial detail matched with multiple social and environmental satellite accounts. In this paper, we present the latest developments realized with EXIOBASE 3-a time series of EE MRIO tables ranging from 1995 to 2011 for 44 countries (28 EU member plus 16 major economies) and five rest of the world regions. EXIOBASE 3 builds upon the previous versions of EXIOBASE by using rectangular supply-use tables (SUTs) in a 163 industry by 200 products classification as the main building locks. In order to capture structural changes, economic developments, as reported by national statistical agencies, were imposed on the available, disaggregated SUTs from EXIOBASE 2. These initial estimates were further refined by incorporating detailed data on energy, agricultural production, resource extraction, and bilateral trade. EXIOBASE 3 inherits the high level of environmental stressor detail from its precursor, with further improvement in the level of detail for resource xtraction. To account for the expansion of the European Union (EU), EXIOBASE 3 was developed with the full EU28 country set (including the new member state Croatia). EXIOBASE 3 provides a unique tool for analyzing the dynamics of environmental pressures of economic activities over time.

Environmentally extended multiregional input‐output (EE MRIO) tables have emerged as a key framework to provide a comprehensive description of the global economy and analyze its effects on the environment. Of the available EE MRIO databases, EXIOBASE stands out as a database compatible with the System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA) with a high sectorial detail matched with multiple social and environmental satellite accounts. In this paper, we present the latest developments realized with EXIOBASE 3—a time series of EE MRIO tables ranging from 1995 to 2011 for 44 countries (28 EU member plus 16 major economies) and five rest of the world regions. EXIOBASE 3 builds upon the previous versions of EXIOBASE by using rectangular supply‐use tables (SUTs) in a 163 industry by 200 products classification as the main building blocks. In order to capture structural changes, economic developments, as reported by national statistical agencies, were imposed on the available, disaggregated SUTs from EXIOBASE 2. These initial estimates were further refined by incorporating detailed data on energy, agricultural production, resource extraction, and bilateral trade. EXIOBASE 3 inherits the high level of environmental stressor detail from its precursor, with further improvement in the level of detail for resource extraction. To account for the expansion of the European Union (EU), EXIOBASE 3 was developed with the full EU28 country set (including the new member state Croatia). EXIOBASE 3 provides a unique tool for analyzing the dynamics of environmental pressures of economic activities over time.

Environmentally extended multiregional input‐output (EE MRIO) tables have emerged as a key framework to provide a comprehensive description of the global economy and analyze its effects on the environment. Of the available EE MRIO databases, EXIOBASE stands out as a database compatible with the System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA) with a high sectorial detail matched with multiple social and environmental satellite accounts. In this paper, we present the latest developments realized with EXIOBASE 3—a time series of EE MRIO tables ranging from 1995 to 2011 for 44 countries (28 EU member plus 16 major economies) and five rest of the world regions. EXIOBASE 3 builds upon the previous versions of EXIOBASE by using rectangular supply‐use tables (SUTs) in a 163 industry by 200 products classification as the main building blocks. In order to capture structural changes, economic developments, as reported by national statistical agencies, were imposed on the available, disaggregated SUTs from EXIOBASE 2. These initial estimates were further refined by incorporating detailed data on energy, agricultural production, resource extraction, and bilateral trade. EXIOBASE 3 inherits the high level of environmental stressor detail from its precursor, with further improvement in the level of detail for resource extraction. To account for the expansion of the European Union (EU), EXIOBASE 3 was developed with the full EU28 country set (including the new member state Croatia). EXIOBASE 3 provides a unique tool for analyzing the dynamics of environmental pressures of economic activities over time. ; publishedVersion ; © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Industrial Ecology, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of Yale University. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.