Suchergebnisse

'Der Aufsatz beschreibt einen Weg zur Konstruktion interner Kriterien für die Prüfung von Wahrscheinlichkeitsauswahlen und gibt Beispiele für ihre Anwendung. Zunächst wird durch sinnvolle Abgrenzung eine Teilpopulation derart definiert, daß allein durch die Abgrenzung, d.h. ohne zusätzlichen Bedarf an Informationen, Parameter über Merkmalsverteilungen in der Teilpopulation festgelegt sind. Wenn es anschließend gelingt, anhand verfügbarer Daten eine Teilstichprobe auf entsprechende Weise abzugrenzen, können die bekannten Verteilungsparameter als interne Prüfkriterien dienen. Gleichzeitig ist damit eine Grundlage für inhaltliche Interpretationen möglicher Abweichungen der Statistiken aus der Teilstichprobe gewonnen. Die Abweichungen werden hier als Indikatoren für solche Verhaltensweisen der Interviewer und/ oder der zu befragenden Personen gedeutet, die Einfluß auf den Prozeß der dadurch partiell gestörten Wahrscheinlichkeitsauswahl nehmen. Je mehr Spielräume die Auswahlregeln - reguläres Verhalten vorausgesetzt - den beteiligten Akteuren überlassen, desto besser können die Abweichungen die Verhaltensweisen der Akteure indizieren.' (Autorenreferat)

"In this paper the authors study the selectivity in the recruitment of respondents for one of CentERdata's Internet panels (the CentERpanel). This recruitment is based on a probability sample. It involves three stages: participation to a first telephone interview, willing to be re-contacted and final agreement to participate in the Internet panel. By matching data of the recruitment process with registries of Statistics Netherlands they are able to distinguish selectivity with regard to age and income in all stages and with pc-ownership in the latter two stages only. Interestingly, the authors hardly find any selectivity with key variables on living conditions. Finally they will make some explicit recommendations for the recruitment process." (author's abstract)

This article explores the relationship between the method of process
tracing and the data collection technique of elite interviewing. The
process tracing method has become an increasingly used and cited
tool in qualitative research, a trend that has recently accelerated
with the publication of Alexander George and Andrew Bennett's text
(2005), Case Studies and
Theory Development in the Social Sciences. That book
outlines and explores the process tracing method in detail,
highlighting its advantages for exploring causal processes and
analyzing complex decision-making. Yet while the book presents a
rigorous and compelling account of the process tracing method and
its critical importance to case study research, the value of the
method itself remains contested in some quarters, and there are
aspects of George and Bennett's treatment of it that require further
exploration.

Introduction: Hard-to-reach and minority groups are often at higher risk for adverse sexual health outcomes. While such groups are therefore of
interest to sexual health researchers, it can be difficult to locate and recruit sufficient sample sizes using probability sampling methods. This study
aims to establish whether web-panel surveys can provide a viable less resource intensive means of boosting sample sizes of two hard-to-reach
groups (people of Black African ethnicity, and gay men) for a sexual health survey, and the extent of any bias.
Methods: Results from a national probability sample survey (Natsal-3, administered using a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) and selfinterview
(CASI) with 15,162 participants), which included 211 black African participants and 83 gay men, were compared with results from a webpanel
survey (using identical questions) of 529 black Africans and 592 gay men. Web-panel survey results for socio-demographics were
compared with external benchmarks, and for sexual behaviours and attitudes reported in Natsal-3. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to examine
differences between variables and the average absolute OR, along with the number of estimates for which the web-panel survey differed
significantly from the benchmarks, were used to summarise survey performance.
Results: At least 18% of estimates differed significantly between surveys for gay and black African men, and 28% for black African women. For
black African women average absolute ORs were: 1.6 for attitudinal questions asked in CAPI, 1.5 for attitudinal CASI questions, 3.2 for behaviour
questions asked in CAPI and for 1.7 for behaviour CASI. For black African men average absolute ORs were: 1.5 for attitudinal questions asked in
CAPI, 1.8 for attitudinal CASI questions, 2.5 for behavioural questions asked in CAPI and 1.6 for behavioural questions asked in CASI=1.6. For
gay men, average absolute ORs were: 2.2 for attitudinal questions asked in CAPI, 2.8 for attitudinal CASI questions, 1.8 for behavioural questions
asked in CAPI to 1.6 for behavioural questions asked in CASI.
Discussion: Web-panel surveys may be able to sample hard-to-reach groups but may not be able to replace probability-sample surveys where
accurate population-level estimates of sensitive sexual behaviours are required. Differences between web and CASI responses, where mode
effects may be similar, suggest web-panel survey selection bias.

This article describes the potency and establishment probability of Madura (Indonesia) as new province. The data were collected from interview and searching some literatures. The discourse concerning the establishment of Madura province is heating up. Through pragmatic thinking, ignoring the debates is not profitable, and considering pragmatic purposes, such as people's prosperity, budget management transparency, people's active involvement, and sovereignty, can change the worst possibility as a consequence of the establishment of a new province. In the end, the establishment of Madura province has become an interesting issue, precisely by sustaining the implementation of regional autonomy.

A nationwide survey of adolescent girls conducted by the Survey Res Center of the U of Michigan included semi-projective questions involving conflicts between parental & authority demands vs peer demands. Among those who interviewed girls from 16 to 18 yrs old there were 26 interviewers from 24-40 yrs old; 47 from 41 to 52 yrs old; & 25 interviewers age 53 & up. Among girls from 16 to 18 yrs old, the oldest group of interviewers were least likely to receive answers flatly rejecting the authority demand, & the youngest interviewers were most likely to receive such 'unacceptable' responses. Among girls younger than age 16 however, there were no consistent diffs by age of interviewer. Interviewer effects were greatest among those girls presumably subject to strong cross-pressures & almost nonexistent among those for whom parental demands in all probability far outweighed peer demands. Interviewers' scores on the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey were available. Among a number of traits only ascendance & objectivity seemed to make a diff in this respect. Among interviewers under age 53, those low on both ascendance & objectivity tended to get more 'unacceptable' responses than those scoring high in both these traits. Interviewers age 53 & over appear to have been responded to as authority figures regardless of ascendance or objectivity score. AA.

The question of what types of interviewers bias the answers of what types of R's was investigated with data from a community health survey (N=1,715). The investigation focused on combined effects of, 1st, the relative SS of interviewer & R &, 2nd, 2 att's of interviewers toward R's of diff statuses. As predicted, Me white interviewers who had a rejecting attitude towards Ls R's biased the answers of low income white, & of middle & upper income Negro R's more than Me white interviewers without this att. Contrary to prediction, rejecting interviewers did not bias low income Negroes' answers more than other interviewers. Also as predicted, Mc white interviewers who had a tendency to be very friendly with R's of their own status biased answers of middle income white R's more than interviewers without this tendency. These results are integrated with previous findings in the literature on the relation of SS to interviewer effects in a model in which the central concept is the R's perception of the SD between himself & the interviewer. Perceived SD is conceived as a function of both the objective status diff between interviewer & R, & the interviewer's status related att's. According to the model, at either extreme of perceived SD the probability is high that R's' answers will be biased by interviewer effects. An attempt is made to specify the combinations of relative status & interviewer att's that will produce the optimal middle SD at which interviewer effects are minimized. AA.