Suchergebnisse

Die (Online-)Umfragedaten des Forschungsprojekts ´SCORE - Sub-national Context and Radical Right Support in Europe´ wurden im Jahr 2017 erhoben. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die Analyse der Ursachen und Auswirkungen subnationaler Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Unterstützung für die radikale Rechte in Deutschland.
Im Rahmen der Umfrage wurden Meinungen und Einstellungen zu einer Reihe von Themen erfragt, darunter Euroskeptizismus, Rechtspopulismus, Einstellungen zum Islam, Globalisierung sowie politische Identifikation und Partizipation. Der Datensatz wurde als deutsche Komponente des länderübergreifenden Projekts ´Sub-National Context and Radical Right Support in Europe (SCoRE)´ erhoben, an dem Frankreich, Deutschland, die Niederlande und das Vereinigte Königreich beteiligt sind. Die Online-Umfrage wurde von infratest dimap durchgeführt (N=25976).

Um eine Analyse auf kleinräumiger regionaler Ebene zu ermöglichen, wurde dem Datensatz, basierend auf den Adressdaten der Befragten, mit Hilfe der Offline-Software Map&Market premium Geocodes (Meridiane und Parallelbögen) zugeordnet.
Die Georeferenzierung erfolgte innerhalb eines vom Statistischen Bundesamt vorgegebenen regionalen Radius. Dazu wurde eine Anzahl von 362.000 Rasterzellen mit einer Größe von einem Quadratkilometer verwendet. Rasterzellen, in denen die Anzahl der Befragten unter sechs lag, wurden aggregiert, um die Möglichkeit einer Re-Identifizierung zu verringern. Gemäß den Bestimmungen des deutschen Datenschutzrechts wurden Adressdaten und Befragungsdaten zu jedem Zeitpunkt des Prozesses getrennt gehalten und alle Prozessschritte durch die Datenschutzbeauftragten von infratest dimap begleitet. Der Datenschutz wurde insbesondere durch die vollständige Offline-Darstellung von Adress- und Geocodes gewährleistet.
Die Stichprobe wurde an die aus der amtlichen Statistik abgeleiteten demografischen Strukturen der deutschen Grundgesamtheit angepasst. Als Datengrundlage wurden die seinerzeit aktuelle Bevölkerungsfortschreibung sowie der aktuelle Mikrozensus des Statistischen Bundesamtes herangezogen. Die Bevölkerungsverteilungen wurden den regionalen Kriterien wie den Nielsen-Regionen und Gemeindegrößenklassen (BIK10) sowie nach Region (Ost/West), Altersgruppen, Geschlecht und Schulbildung angepasst.
Für weiterführende Informationen besuchen Sie: https://www.score.uni-mainz.de/

Water distribution networks are the backbone of any municipal water supply. Their task is to supply the population regardless of the respective demand. High resilience of these infrastructures is of great importance and has brought these infrastructures into the focus of science and politics. At the same time, the data collected is highly sensitive and often openly unavailable. Therefore, researchers have to rely on models that represent the topology of these infrastructures. In this work, a model is developed that allows the topology of an urban water infrastructure to be mapped using the example of Cologne, Germany by combining freely available data. On the one hand, spatial data on land use (local climate zones) are used to disaggregate the water demand within the city under consideration. On the other hand, the parallelism of water and urban transportation infrastructures is used to identify the topology of a network by applying optimization methods. These networks can be analyzed to identify vulnerable areas within urban structures.

The following chapters portray how, in the context of globalization, some social, political, and economic mechanisms can differentially explain local, national, and international development in the world. While processes of globalization such as aid and trade agreements do convey gains expressed in improved figures of human and economic development, they do not operate in a political and social vacuum. The lessons on the politics of redistribution visited in all chapters ‒ but more heavily expressed in Chapter 3 ‒ speak loudly in favor of the latter. Globalization and the construction of welfare is a multi-layered process, dependent not only on international and national policy-making, but also on local factors that shape the numbers of winners and losers around the world. I hope that this thesis contributes to the latest, increasing array of work in charge of sustaining effective national- and local-level policy-making in the fields of aid, trade, and leaders' regional influence on specific and more general forms of development.

Counting Cows and Cabbages - Web-bases Extraction, Delivery and Discovery of Geo-Referenced Data

This paper studies the impact of municipal non-residential property taxation on firms' performance using a panel data of italian manufacturing firms in 2001-2010. In the spirit of Duranton et al. (2011), we use a pairwise spatial difference instrumental variable estimator which allows to tackle the endogeneity of local taxation. As well as providing robust inference to arbitrary cross-sectional dependence and serial correlation, our empirical strategy also improves on existing work by exploiting the exogenous variation in local taxes generated by the political alignment of each jurisdiction with the central government. We find that non-residential property taxation exert a negative impact on firms' employment, capital and sales to such an extent as to significantly affect total factor productivity.

Tax legislation in virtually all OECD countries foresees tax breaks for commuters. Such commuting allowances are implemented with the aim to raise matching efficiency in the labor market and / or to promote an equalization of net wages for workers independent of the length of their commute. Despite the fiscal magnitude of these subsidies (e.g. in Germany the sum of foregone tax income from commuting tax breaks amounts to 6 billion Euros annually) little is known about their effects on worker and firm behavior. In this paper we use the unexpected repeal of commuting subsidies in Germany between 2007 and 2009, which has affected different groups of workers to a different extent, as a natural experiment. Drawing on a large data set of geo-referenced employer-employee data and applying a difference-in-difference approach, we estimate the effect of commuting subsidies on wages and employment. Beyond the direct effect of the commuting tax break our results allow to draw inference on three key variables in labor economics: wage elasticity of labor supply, bargaining power of workers, and the wage elasticity of locational choice. We find that workers who lose some of their net wage as a result of the reform experience increases in gross wages of .6 per cent. Adjustments in gross wages differ, however, substantially across industries and across educational status, which can be taken as evidence for differential bargaining power across worker groups.

The livestock sector in the Valencian Community (Spain) has experienced an increase in the intensity of farming with an increase in the number and size of pig and poultry facilities. The absence of previous environmental requirements in this region has produced a high concentration of facilities in some areas, and urban sprawl has resulted in many farms located in problematic areas close to villages or towns, residential areas and protected areas. Conflicts surrounding land use and environmental issues have been a problem in the region for many years. The initial step to solve this problem is to produce a territorial planning system to intervene and correct the current development and adapt to new European environmental regulations. The objectives of this study are to group farms with homogeneous characteristics in the Valencian Community and to characterise and search for spatial dependency patterns within the livestock sector. These objectives have the final aim of contributing basic scientific information to subsequent administrative planning decisions for livestock. This study presented methodology based on Geographic Information Systems and statistical methods for dividing livestock farms into zones and for characterising these areas. We obtained nineteen livestock geographical areas with unique characteristics (such as livestock species composition) and verified that these areas did not follow a spatial pattern. ; Calafat Marzal, MC.; Gallego Salguero, AC.; Quintanilla García, I. (2015). Integrated geo-referenced data and statistical analysis for dividing livestock farms into geographical zones in the Valencian Community (Spain). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 114:58-67. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2015.03.005 ; S ; 58 ; 67 ; 114

58 67 114 ; S ; The livestock sector in the Valencian Community (Spain) has experienced an increase in the intensity of farming with an increase in the number and size of pig and poultry facilities. The absence of previous environmental requirements in this region has produced a high concentration of facilities in some areas, and urban sprawl has resulted in many farms located in problematic areas close to villages or towns, residential areas and protected areas. Conflicts surrounding land use and environmental issues have been a problem in the region for many years. The initial step to solve this problem is to produce a territorial planning system to intervene and correct the current development and adapt to new European environmental regulations. The objectives of this study are to group farms with homogeneous characteristics in the Valencian Community and to characterise and search for spatial dependency patterns within the livestock sector. These objectives have the final aim of contributing basic scientific information to subsequent administrative planning decisions for livestock. This study presented methodology based on Geographic Information Systems and statistical methods for dividing livestock farms into zones and for characterising these areas. We obtained nineteen livestock geographical areas with unique characteristics (such as livestock species composition) and verified that these areas did not follow a spatial pattern. Calafat Marzal, MC.; Gallego Salguero, AC.; Quintanilla García, I. (2015). Integrated geo-referenced data and statistical analysis for dividing livestock farms into geographical zones in the Valencian Community (Spain). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 114:58-67. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2015.03.005

Can digital information and communication technology (ICT) foster mass political mobilization? We use a novel geo-referenced dataset for the entire African continent between 1998 and 2012 on the coverage of mobile phone signal together with geo-referenced data from multiple sources on the occurrence of protests and on individual participation in protests to bring this argument to empirical scrutiny. We find that mobile phones are instrumental to mass mobilization during economic downturns, when reasons for grievance emerge and the cost of participation falls. Estimated effects are if anything larger once we use an instrumental variable approach that relies on differential trends in coverage across areas with different incidence of lightning strikes. The results are in line with insights from a network model with imperfect information and strategic complementarities in protest provision. Mobile phones make individuals more responsive to both changes in economic conditions - a mechanism that we ascribe to enhanced information - and to their neighbors' participation - a mechanism that we ascribe to enhanced coordination. Empirically both effects are at play, highlighting the channels through which digital ICT can alleviate the collective action problem.