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BACKGROUND: The relationship between health and income is an essential part of human capital research. The majority of current analyses using classical regression models show that health has a significant impact on income after controlling for the endogeneity of health due to the measurement error and reverse causality. Currently, the Chinese government implements various policies including health related policies to fiercely fight for the domestic poverty issues, and thus only estimating the average effect of health on income could underestimate the impact for low income population and will make policy makers neglect or not pay enough attention to the significant role of health in poverty alleviation. To study the effect of health on income for workers at different income quantiles, we apply the quantile regression method to a panel data from a Chinese household survey. Furthermore, we test the heterogeneity of this health-income effect for different subgroups of workers characterized by sex, registered residence, and residential area. Lastly, we provide an explanation on the possible mechanism of the health-income effect. METHODS: This study uses data from four waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CPFS)- a biennial longitudinal study spanning from 2012 to 2018. The final data used in the regression analysis includes a balanced sample of 19,540 person-year observations aged between 18 to 70 years, with complete information of demographic and social economic status characteristics, job information, and health status of individuals. We use lagged self-reported health to control the potential endogeneity problem caused by reverse causality between health and income. Our identification on heterogenous treatment effects relies on panel quantile regressions, which generate more information than the commonly used mean regression method, and hopefully could reveal the effects of health on income for workers with income distributed at a wide range of quantiles. In addition, we compare the results derived from panel ...