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The article is devoted to the history of compiling Chinese-Russian dictionaries in Russia and China. The contribution of Chinese and Russian researchers to the compilation of bilingual dictionaries is analyzed, the features and sequence of the creation of Chinese-Russian dictionaries in both countries in different periods of their history are discussed. It is shown that the principles of selecting vocabulary for bi-lingual dictionaries are determined by political, economic,and social factors. The material of this article are the works of Russian Sinologists of the 18thcentury (I.K.Rossokhin, A.N.Paryshev), 19thcentury (N.Ya.Bichurin, V.P.Vasiliev, Archimandrite Pallady), 20thcentury (I.M.Oshanin, B.G.Mudrov), and Chinese Russianists (Zhang Houchen, Chen Feng, Chen Chuxiang), as well as dictionaries of the 1980s TheBig Chinese-Russian Dictionary(1983–1984) edited by I.M.Oshanin, Chinese-Russian Dictionary(1980) edited by B.G.Mudrov, 汉俄词典(Chinese-Russian Dictionary, 1989) edited by Xia Zhongyi. Theauthor concludes that the compilers of the studied Chinese-Russian dictionaries published in Russia and China in the specified period approached the selection of dialect and archaic vocabulary, words from the lit-erary Wenyan language, and scientific and technical terms for their dictionaries in different ways. From the author's point of view, this was due to the desire of Russian lexicographers to include in dictionaries the maximum amount of highly specialized vocabulary, while Chinese lexicographers were more interested in everyday vocabulary being part of the active vocabulary of the language.