Suchergebnisse

Purpose – The purpose of the research is to identify a relationship between the source of majority capital and the financial stability of banks listed on WSE. Research method – The study covered 11 banks listed on the WSE in 2013–2022. The financial stability of the banks was measured by the Z-score index calculated on the basis of the data from the banks' annual reports. One-way analysis of variance was applied to determine the impact of the source of majority capital on the financial stability of banks. Results – The study revealed greater financial stability of banks with a dominant share of foreign investors than of banks with a majority share of domestic investors among the banks listed on the WSE. Moreover, a decrease in the financial stability of Alior Bank S.A. and Pekao S.A. was noted with the change of the dominant shareholder from foreign to domestic one. Regardless of the source of majority capital, banks felt the effects of the pandemic shock and the outbreak of the armed conflict in Ukraine. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The article is aimed to fill the gap in the field of measure of financial stability of the banks listed on GPW in relation to the source of majority capital of these institutions.

Purpose – The aim of the research undertaken in this article is to examine the impact of intellectual capital and its components on the market indicators of pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Research method – The study employed descriptive analysis, desk research analysis, the A-VAIC method (a method for measuring intellectual capital), descriptive statistics and the estimation of a dynamic panel model through multiple regression analysis. Time-lagged variables were used in the panel models. The time range of the study encompasses the years 2015–2022. Results – The conducted research confirmed the impact of intellectual capital on the market indicators of pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. However, the influence is not unequivocal, as indicated by the varied influence of its components, such as innovative capital (INVCE) and human capital (HCE), on the indicators of the analyzed companies such as the P/BV ratio and EPS. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The study used the A-VAIC method (a modification of the classic VAIC™ model) to measure intellectual capital, as well ands applied time lag to verify whether intellectual capital positively affects the future market indicators of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. This study represents an attempt to fill the research gap in studying the relationship between intellectual capital and the market indicators of companies, as this aspect remains under-researched by Polish scholars.

The Social and Civic Women's League operated in communist Poland in the years 1945–1949. Its first official publication, Praca Kobiet, appeared in 1946. Periodicals were published by the Warsaw Regional Board of the association. The national magazine Nasza Praca, an organ of the General Board, reached the readers just before the start of 1947. The published texts provided information concerning the activity of international women's movements and organizations such as the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF). The cognitive values of such publications greatly varied. This was significantly influenced by the language journalists used to communicate ('newspeak'), and the propaganda (non-substantive) choice of recorded and omitted facts. Their analysis, however, helped to reveal the mechanisms of the functioning (interaction) of leftist women's movements on the international arena in the second half of the 1940s.

Purpose – Based on the analysis of available statistical data and literature, hypothesis was adopted that an increase in the rate of technological change and the level of digitalization of the Polish economy is conditioned by an increase in enterprises' investment in employee competencies. In this context, the main objective of the article and the conducted research was to verify whether and to what extent enterprises in Poland invest in training their employees. Research method – The article employs methods of logical reasoning (deduction and induction) as well as data processing methods, such as analysis and synthesis. In the empirical part of the article, a survey conducted between November 2023 and April 2024 among 421 enterprises operating in Poland was utilized. Results – An analysis of the literature and survey data has revealed that investments in employee training are a significant determinant of technological change, including in Polish enterprises. It can be observed that the larger the enterprise, the more intensive and diverse the training activities undertaken. Micro and small enterprises primarily invest in developing hard skills, which stem from the need to address competency gaps. On the other hand, medium and large companies offer their employees a more diverse range of training, both in terms of enhancing hard skills and soft skills. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The analyses and considerations presented in this article have filled a research gap by demonstrating the role of training as a determinant of technological change in Poland. Furthermore, the conducted research has revealed new research problems. A notable lower participation in soft skills development training can be observed, resulting from employers' concerns about their effectiveness.

Purpose – The purpose of the research is to investigate the links between concentration of ownership and control of analysed companies and the value of their financial and market performance, as well as to test whether this performance depends on the presence of owners of large, but non -controlling blocks of votes among shareholders. Research method – The article presents an analysis of data contained in financial statements and Management Board's reports. Pearson's correlation coefficient, one -way ANOVA test and Kruskal -Wallis test were also used to investigate the links between concentration of ownership and control of analysed companies and the value of their financial and market performance.Results – The conducted studies showed theconcomitance of concentration of owner-ship and control in hands of shareholders holding over 5% of votes at the general meeting and the financial performance in the analysed entities.The research also showed that the relation between the market value of shares and their book value in companies in which shares of two largest shareholders were the same or comparable was higher than in entities in which a difference between these shares was observed. Moreover, ownership and control structure in such entities allowed them for a better use of resources.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The article emphasises not only the role of ownership and control concentration as regards the value of financial and market performance of companies, but also presents the desired scope of concentration in the hands of the individual shareholders. It draws attention to the role of large, but non -controlling shareholders in corporate governance, especially in the mitigation of the horizontal agency conflict.

Women's movements in Russia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries consisted of a number of environments that differed in terms of ideology and were activating at different times. All of them wanted to broaden women's access to education, up to equal rights with men. For some it was the main goal, as education was a chance for women to gain economic independence and subjectivity. Achieving these goals required not only the consent of the tsarist authorities, but also a change in the patriarchal attitude of society, including women themselves. Progress was gradual, but not systematic, and there were periods of regression. The main factor was the current political and social situation in the Empire, which was very dynamic at that time. Six decades saw the spread of co-educational primary schools and Sunday schools for adults, the creation of female high schools with a curriculum close to that of male gymnasia, and female colleges of a vocational nature. Independent, active, conscious and educated leaders of women's movements have become role models for new generations of women.