Suchergebnisse

The article examines the tactics of forgetting as a strategic instrument of the politics of memory of East Asian countries. These types of forgetting are explicated in cases of Indonesia and Japan. In the case of Indonesia, the phenomenon of forgetting is manifested in the historical memory of the violence against the political rivals of the ruling regime and ethnic minorities in the 1960s and 1980s. In the case of Japan, the phenomenon of forgetting was studied in the politics of memory of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Japan — South Korea bilateral relations. To reveal the specifics of the approach of East Asian countries to the implementation of their politics of memory, the typology of forgetting proposed by the English sociologist Paul Connerton was used. The authors demonstrated specific features of the East Asian approach to the politics of memory. This research revealed similarities and differences between Japanese and Indonesian approaches to forgetting. Analysis of these cases helped to identify difficulties of East Asian countries to find mutual understanding in issues of interpretation of their historical past. The possibility of reaching mutual agreements in the medium-term agenda is not visible.

The review is devoted to the book by the professor of political science at Princeton University Anna Stilz "Territorial Sovereignty. A Philosophical Exploration" (2019). The main issues of the researcher's work are territoriality, sovereignty, and the system of territorial states. The author proposes a revision of this system from a philosophical point of view. Professor Stilz defends the concept of a state's territorial sovereignty against contemporary criticism. Her position is based on arguments of both cosmopolitanism and liberal nationalism. The researcher recognizes principles of open borders, aid to refugee, global cooperation and criticizes the nationalist interpretation of state sovereignty. However, unlike the view of the cosmopolitan school, A. Stilz believes that the implementation of these liberal principles is possible within the system of territorial states. Moreover, defending state sovereignty, the professor uses ideas of the philosophy of the Enlightenment, Kant's doctrines about the interaction between the individual and the state, and about state sovereignty. The main contribution of this work to the body of political science is three core values: occupancy right, basic justice, and collective self-determination. According to Anna Stilz, three core values can modify the current system of territorial states in accordance with new global challenges.

The trajectory of the Russian foreign policy changed in 2014 as Russia deviated from its foreign policy principles. A specific justification was needed in order to legitimize Russian foreign policy domestically and abroad. Russian officials provided such a justification. It was successful on the domestic level, but its effectiveness on the international level was questionable. This article undertakes an analysis of the justification strategies of Russian foreign policy after 2014, with a focus on those, which were used by Russian authorities in their justification of Crimea joining Russia and Russian actions in the Syrian Arab Republic. It is shown why the justification could be considered as strategic. Applying the instruments of the strategic narratives' theory, the author reveals the main strategic narratives of Russian foreign policy officials. The article discovers that the main justification strategies were communicative defense, communicative attack, communicative counter-attack, and position declaration. The communicative position of the Russian Federation in the case of Crimean justification could be explained as initially difficult, but gaining a communicative position in the justification of Russian actions in Syria could positively support the justification of the Crimean case.

This paper presents the outcomes of empirical research on the religiosity influence on the political choice of Russian Orthodox believers. The research assumptions: (1) political choice is determined by a combination of individual beliefs, practice, and identity each can be both religious and secular; (2) secular beliefs play a key role in political choice; beliefs can help to evaluate the behaviour of political actors and voters' ability to influence the political situation. In-depth interviews with Orthodox believers are used as data (Lipetsk Oblast, 2019-2020). The research has revealed that a religious component in a combination of beliefs, practices, and identities varies depending on the level of religiosity. Beliefs are more important for the most and the least religious groups. Specifically, beliefs on the importance of political issues and the role of morality in political actors' behaviour. In combination with secular beliefs, they lead to protest voting and absenteeism. The choice of the middle group is influenced by religious practices. The combination of religious and secular practices can turn political participation into a habit.

One of the primary goals of the European Union's membership conditionality is to promote stability and de-mocracy outside its immediate borders. Thus, being subjected to EU conditionality can be a factor affecting democratization processes in candidate countries. The article attempts to locate the study of EU-induced de-mocratization within the bigger theoretical picture of democratization studies. This article starts with a dis-cussion of different theories and approaches to the study of democratization, including the theory of norm diffusion (Risse, 1999) and the theory of linkage/leverage (Levitsky and Way, 2002). After indicating how the study of EU-induced democratization can be and has been approached within those theories, and the arti-cle proceeds with an outline and analysis of a rather new approach utilizing an External Incentives Model (Schimmelfennig, 2003), which stemmed from the growing body of free-standing research dedicated specifi-cally to the problem of Europeanization. Thus, the article demonstrates that the study of Europeanization of candidate countries not only invited the application of pre-existing theoretical frameworks from different subdisciplines but also produced a new theoretical framework dedicated specifically to the study of Europe-anization.

This article studies translated Russian literature as a factor of the development of contemporary Russian-Chinese intercultural communication. The authors examine the main traits of the reception of Russian literature in contemporary China, the mechanisms of the transformation of the interest of the Chinese public at large in the works of Russian writers, and the reasons for the sustainable role of Russian classic literature (A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, F. Dostoyevsky, L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, M. Gorky, M. Sholokhov, and N. Ostrovsky) as a basic element of the image of Russia. The authors identify the reasons why the Russian literature of the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries whose translations are available in China (some of them have received the Best Foreign Novel of the Twenty-First Century award) has not managed to change the established structure of priorities remaining at the periphery of contemporary processes of intercultural communication. It is demonstrated that the reception of classical and contemporary Russian literature in China has followed two scenarios, i.e. "profound" and "superficial". The study of works of Chinese literary critics and cultural figures (Liu Wenfei, Wang Jiezhi, Cui Guoxin, etc.) makes it possible to identify the main criteria for the selection and perception of literary works in the conceptual, ethical and stylistic domains, and the domains of plot and imagery. It is emphasised that 21st-century Russian literature, which has lost its function as a model for emulation and a standard for copying, is interesting to Chinese specialists and readers as a corpus of texts that reflects aesthetic issues and ethnocultural regional traits without generating qualitatively new worldviews. The authors present the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of digital resources (Baidu, Sogou, etc.) that reveal the main features of the contemporary perception of Russian literature by Chinese Internet users.

This article examines manuscripts that help reconstruct the authentic liturgical tradition of the city of Rome in the eleventh century. This tradition goes back to the early Middle Ages and, contrary to the hypothesis of Th. Klauser and M. Andrieu, did not undergo "Germanisation" after the imperial coronation of Otto I the Great but existed with certain changes until the thirteenth century. To determine whether manuscripts belong to this tradition, it is necessary to use a complex methodology that considers the data of palaeography, art history, musicology, and liturgy. It should be distinguished from the liturgy of some monastic congregations (Cluny, Monte Cassino), which were represented in Rome and its suburbs. The books of the Canons Regular of the Lateran, which represent a distinct version of the reformed worship, should be considered separately. The analysis of the manuscripts is carried out in the article according to the types of liturgical books: Lectionaries, Sacramentaries, Graduals, Antiphonaries, etc. Additionally, the article analyses surviving medieval lists of books kept in Roman churches. The author concludes that authentic Roman liturgy is reflected in 32 surviving manuscripts of different types (3 more require additional study). For most of them, the author establishes their affiliation with a particular Roman church or monastery. Most of them reflect the state of worship during the period of the Gregorian reform, but some of them make it possible to study the previous stage in the history of liturgy in Rome. As an excursus, the author considers the origin of the Evangelistary-Sacramentary Arch. Cap. S. Pietro. F 12, which, according to the author, was not created in Rome, as was commonly believed, but in the abbey of San Tommaso in Foglia.