Suchergebnisse

Suggestions for a research-focused executive education course on gender and entrepreneurship
Please read below for some ideas shared by Professor Jennings at the University of Alberta. In a recent Open Access Government publication, Professor Jennifer Jennings from the University of Alberta teamed up with policy professional Jessica Carlson to share ideas for bridging the academic-policy divide at the nexus of gender and entrepreneurship. One of their recommendations was for policy professionals to request that content-based courses on this topic be designed and delivered through Executive Education programs. In this follow-up article, Dr. Jennings offers suggestions for such a course.

Exploring the entrepreneurial ability of women
Dr Jennifer E. Jennings from the University of Alberta, and her colleagues investigate the common portrayals of – and recommendations regarding – women's supposed entrepreneurial under-confidence, that men 'naturally' possess an appropriate level of confidence in their entrepreneurial ability. Jennings and her co-authors suggested that men might be prone to overestimating this ability, believing that their entrepreneurship-related skills are better than they are in reality. They found that the lower average level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) exhibited by women relative to men tends to be interpreted as evidence that women are 'deficient' in this regard, and conducted two distinct studies, finding that the gender gap in ESE does not necessarily imply that women are under-confident in their entrepreneurial ability.

Policy priorities for gender and entrepreneurship
Read here about policy suggestions from an academic-practitioner collaboration for gender and entrepreneurship. In this article, she has paired up with Ms Jessica Carlson, a policy professional and Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) student at the University of Calgary, to share a comprehensive set of queries currently salient to policy practitioners working at the intersection of gender and entrepreneurship. In doing so, Carlson and Jennings hope to stimulate future academic research at this nexus that is more likely to be "accessed, appreciated and acted upon by policy-practitioners" (2024: 1). They also hope to encourage others to form academic-practitioner collaborations as a means of researching the identified set of policy-oriented queries.

The gender stereotyping of entrepreneurship
Professors Jennings and Tonoyan distill prior research and chart avenues for future research. In two prior Open Access Government articles, Dr Jennifer Jennings from the University of Alberta and Dr Vartuhi Tonoyan from California State University, Fresno, shared findings from their research (with collaborator Dr Robert Strohmeyer from the University of Mannheim) on how sex-based labour market segregation affects women's perceptions of entrepreneurship and innovativeness as entrepreneurs. Here, they summarise key takeaways from their review of the academic literature on the gender stereotyping of entrepreneurship.

Factors that contribute to the gender gap in entrepreneurial self-confidence
A study by Professors Dempsey and Jennings offers key insights into why women tend to be less confident than men in their entrepreneurial ability. In a prior Open Access Government article, Dr Jennifer Jennings shared intriguing evidence (from a study conducted with Dr Zahid Rahman and Dr Dianna Dempsey) challenging prevailing beliefs that women are 'under-confident' in their entrepreneurial ability. Here, Professors Dempsey and Jennings share findings from a related investigation into the factors that can help explain why women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) nevertheless tends to be lower, on average, than men's.

PurposeThe purpose of in this study is to examine how scholarship on women's entrepreneurship/gender and entrepreneurship has contributed to understandings of the embeddedness of entrepreneurial activity. The authors review studies from the past four decades (1975-2018) to assess the extent to which research has examined the embeddedness of entrepreneurial activity in two key institutions – the family and the labour market – that remain pervasively and persistently gendered.Design/methodology/approachThe authors blend a systematic quantitative analysis of scholarly publications with qualitative analysis, identifying key themes and contributions. The corpus of material comprises over 1,300 scholarly publications, including both empirical and theoretical contributions.FindingsThis analysis shows that attention to the embeddedness of entrepreneurial activity in gendered social institutions is a clear legacy of women's entrepreneurship research. The systematic quantitative review found that over one-third (36.6 per cent) of scholarly publications examines questions of family and/or labour market embeddedness in some way. The qualitative analysis identifies a rich array of themes over the past four decades and a growing global reach of scholarship in recent years.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to knowledge about the embeddedness of entrepreneurial activity. It offers a comprehensive review of how entrepreneurship is shaped by the embedding of such activity in two predominant (and gendered) social institutions – families and labour markets. It will be of use to scholars seeking an overview of this topic and considering new research questions to pursue.

Sex-based labour market segregation and women's perceptions of entrepeneurship
Here Professors Tonoyan, Strohmeyer, and Jennings investigate sex-based labour market segregation and women's perceptions of entrepreneurship. As noted in a prior Open Access Government article, women tend to participate in entrepreneurial activity at lower rates than men within most countries included in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Numerous plausible reasons for this gender gap exist. A large-scale study by Professors Vartuhi Tonoyan (California State University, Fresno), Robert Strohmeyer (University of Mannheim), and Jennifer E. Jennings (University of Alberta) put forth and examined the argument that women are likely to possess less favourable perceptions than men, on average, of how easy it would be to start a business. These scholars further argued that this disparity can be attributed to sex-segregated positions within traditional wage-and-salary employment, which present structural disadvantages for women's entrepreneurship.

Although scholars have long recognized the consequences of sex-based labor market segregation for gendered outcomes in conventional wage-and-salary employment, comparatively little is known about the implications for entrepreneurship. We call attention to implications stemming from manifestations at distinct levels of analysis, specifically to the differential structural positions that men and women are likely to occupy as employees and to the degree of sex-based labor market segregation in a country overall. We hypothesize that the gendering of labor market positions will have the first-order effect of reducing women's likelihood of acquiring entrepreneurship-relevant resources, experiencing entrepreneurial career previews, and being exposed to industry opportunity spaces for launching new firms, which will have the second-order effect of lowering their start-up ease perceptions relative to men's. We further suggest that this gender gap will widen in societies with more highly sex-segregated labor markets. Data from 15,742 employees in 22 European countries provide strong support for these claims. By demonstrating how pre-entry assessments of entrepreneurship are influenced by gendered employment experiences at the individual level and gendered labor market regimes at the country level, this study lays a foundation for further multilevel research on the relationship between institutionalized labor market practices and entrepreneurial activity.

This article represents a call to family scholars for help in examining the effects of business ownership on families. To demonstrate the importance of this call, we illustrate the extent to which new venture creation is encouraged by policymakers and estimate the number of families engaged in entrepreneurial activity around the globe. We then summarize emergent critiques questioning the glorification of entrepreneurship in general and review the limited body of scholarly work examining the effects on families in particular. We conclude by outlining potential research agendas for several domains of family scholarship, providing examples of the provocative questions that arise when business ownership is explicitly acknowledged as a factor likely to impact family dynamics and well‐being.

Global Women's Entrepreneurship Research responds to recent calls from academic researchers and policy analysts alike to pay greater attention to the diversity and heterogeneity among women entrepreneurs. Drawing together studies by 26 researchers affiliated with the DIANA International Research Network, this collection contributes to a richer and more robust understanding of the field. -- Part I: 'Diverse Settings' introduces research set in a range of contexts, from those rarely examined to those representing more familiar terrains. Part II: 'Diverse Questions' explores new questions and reframes old questions in fresh, innovative ways. Part III: 'Diverse Approaches' features studies with distinct methodological approaches that reflect and extend the rigour and creativity of research in this field. Together, the research assembled in this volume significantly advances knowledge about women's entrepreneurship around the world.