Suchergebnisse

India, the second largest agro-based economy with year-round crop cultivation, generates a large amount of agricultural waste, including crop residues. In the absence of adequate sustainable management practices, approximately 92 seems a very small number of metric tons of crop waste is burned every year in India, causing excessive particulate matter emissions and air pollution. Crop residue burning has become a major environmental problem causing health issues as well as contributing to global warming. Composting, biochar production and mechanization are a few effective sustainable techniques that can help to curtail the issue while retaining the nutrients present in the crop residue in the soil. The government of India has attempted to curtail this problem, through numerous measures and campaigns designed to promote sustainable management methods such as converting crop residue into energy. However, the alarming rise of air pollution levels caused by crop residue burning in the city of Delhi and other northern areas in India observed in recent years, especially in and after the year of 2015, suggest that the issues is not yet under control. The solution to crop residue burning lies in the effective implementation of sustainable management practices with Government interventions and policies. This manuscript addresses the underlying technical as well as policy issues that has prevented India from achieving a long-lasting solution and also potential solutions that have been overlooked. However, effective implementation of these techniques also requires us to look at other socioeconomic aspects that had not been considered. This manuscript also discusses some of the policy considerations and functionality based on the analyses and current practices. The agricultural waste sector can benefit immensely from some of the examples from other waste sectors such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) and wastewater management where collection, segregation, recycling and disposal are institutionalized to secure an operational system. Active stakeholder involvement including education and empowerment of farmers along with technical solutions and product manufacturing can also assist tremendously. Even though the issue of crop residue burning touches many sectors, such as environment, agriculture, economy, social aspects, education, and energy, the past governmental efforts mainly revolved around agriculture and energy. This sectorial thinking is another barrier that needs to be broken. The government of India as well as governments of other developing countries can benefit from the emerging concept of nexus thinking in managing environmental resources. Nexus thinking promotes a higher-level integration and higher level of stakeholder involvement that goes beyond the disciplinary boundaries, providing a supporting platform to solve issues such as crop residue burning.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture: The Golden Example of Nexus Approach -- Abstract -- 1 Background: Wastewater for Irrigation -- 2 Safe Use of Wastewater -- 3 SUWA and the Nexus Approach -- 4 Capacity Development Needs of SUWA -- 5 What Is Covered in the Book? -- References -- 2 The Opportunity Versus Risks in Wastewater Irrigation -- Abstract -- 1 Water Scarcity: The Global Picture -- 2 Agricultural Sustainability and Wastewater -- 2.1 Wastewater as a Solution -- 2.2 Limitations and Risks -- 3 Hygienic Indicators -- 4 Fit-to-Purpose Approach -- 5 Summary -- References -- 3 The Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soils and Crops -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nutrients Content -- 2.1 Nitrogen -- 2.2 Phosphorus -- 2.3 Potassium -- 3 Water Salinity and Sodium Hazard -- 3.1 Measurement of Salinity -- 3.2 Salinity Management -- 3.3 Sodium Hazard -- 4 Soil pH Value and Alkalinity -- 5 Toxic Ions, Heavy Metals, and the Suspended Solids in Wastewater -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Selecting the Treatment Technology for Wastewater Use in Agriculture Based on a Matrix Developed by the German Association for Water, Wastewater, and Waste -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Reuse in Agriculture -- 3 What Aspects to Consider in Selecting Treatment Techniques -- 3.1 Health and Environmental Aspects -- 3.2 Financial Sustainability -- 3.3 Operational Aspects -- 3.4 Technological Aspects -- 4 Selection of the Treatment Technique -- 5 Structure of the DWA Matrix -- 6 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix A: Definition of Lines in Table 1 -- Appendix B: Assessment of the Treatment Technology -- References -- 5 Policy and the Governance Framework for Wastewater Irrigation: Jordanian Experience -- Abstract -- 1 Wastewater Irrigation in West Asia -- 2 History of the Sanitation Paradigms.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- Preface -- 1 An introduction to SDG 11 and conceptual frameworks for transition management -- 2 Insights for policy design to attain SDG 11: a critical review of the literature -- 3 Mysuru: the story of a clean city in India -- 4 How Ireland reduced its active landfills: a true tale of policy-driven change -- 5 Governance challenges of SDG 11: case studies from India, Japan and Brazil -- 6 Nudging cities towards renewable energy for sustainability: the case of Istanbul -- 7 Elevating consumer engagement in a circular economy: a framework for cities to plan the process -- 8 The inverted waste pyramid as a policy tool to unite SDG 11 and SDG 12 waste management targets -- 9 SDG 11: challenges and the way forward -- Index.

"This book explores Sustainable Development Goal 11, providing insights into viable pathways and policy designs for a transition towards sustainable, inclusive and resilient cities. The volume discusses existing scientific literature on SDG 11 and provides conceptual frameworks relating to systemic transitions, sectoral transitions and behavioural transitions for overcoming challenges related to governance and implementation. Through detailed case studies from cities and settlements, in Europe, Middle East and Asia, it showcases the dynamic processes involved in urban transformations. Drawing from these comparative analyses, the book provides robust frameworks and tools for better solutions and viable pathways to achieve SDG targets in diverse urban settings. Rich in empirical data, this book will be useful for scholars and researchers of development studies, environment studies, urban studies, urban sociology, political economy, political studies, public policy and sociology. It will also be useful for policy makers, professionals, NGOs and think tanks working in the area of sustainable development and urban planning"--

Organic waste composting is another excellent example to demonstrate the power and the benefits of nexus thinking. Even though organic waste composting itself is not a new topic, those who want to start a new project or align an ongoing project with nexus thinking, find it difficult to gather the necessary information. With nine case studies from four continents, this book aims to fill above gap in literature. While current literature on composting is often found to be limited to either soil/agriculture sector or waste management sector, this book presents a combined point of view. This open access book starts with an introductory chapter that describes the need to bring the waste management aspects and soil nutrient management aspects of compost production into one integrated theme. The relevance of nexus thinking and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also presented in this introduction. The first three chapters after the introduction covers composting from the solid waste management and its policy aspects, taking examples from three developing countries. The next three examples are mostly about the benefits composting can provide to the soil and agriculture. These examples are also from three developing countries, but with a mixture of urban as well as rural settings. Last three chapters present more insight into the latest developments taking examples from Europe, as well as new methods adapted from the traditional styles from Africa.

India, the second largest agro-based economy with year-round crop cultivation, generates a large amount of agricultural waste, including crop residues. In the absence of adequate sustainable management practices, approximately 92 seems a very small number of metric tons of crop waste is burned every year in India, causing excessive particulate matter emissions and air pollution. Crop residue burning has become a major environmental problem causing health issues as well as contributing to global warming. Composting, biochar production and mechanization are a few effective sustainable techniques that can help to curtail the issue while retaining the nutrients present in the crop residue in the soil. The government of India has attempted to curtail this problem, through numerous measures and campaigns designed to promote sustainable management methods such as converting crop residue into energy. However, the alarming rise of air pollution levels caused by crop residue burning in the city of Delhi and other northern areas in India observed in recent years, especially in and after the year of 2015, suggest that the issues is not yet under control. The solution to crop residue burning lies in the effective implementation of sustainable management practices with Government interventions and policies. This manuscript addresses the underlying technical as well as policy issues that has prevented India from achieving a long-lasting solution and also potential solutions that have been overlooked. However, effective implementation of these techniques also requires us to look at other socioeconomic aspects that had not been considered. This manuscript also discusses some of the policy considerations and functionality based on the analyses and current practices. The agricultural waste sector can benefit immensely from some of the examples from other waste sectors such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) and wastewater management where collection, segregation, recycling and disposal are institutionalized to secure an ...