Suchergebnisse

Both nationally and globally, waste generation increases with increasing product consumption. Thus, addressing the issue of waste is an ongoing challenge for researchers around the world. This challenge derives from the fact that in many European countries, including Romania, the amount of waste generated is very high compared to current technologies for treatment, recycle or recovery. Therefore, the most convenient management methods remain storage and incineration. These methods generate significant amounts of hazardous pollutants with a significant impact on the environment and human health. The paper presents a series of results related to waste management obtained within National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology – ECOIND Bucharest in the last 10 years. The paper is focused
on four topics: analytical detection and monitoring of waste pollutants; environmental impact and risk assessments; harmonized waste classification and management; waste treatment and recovery technologies.
The results obtained within these topics refer to optimal methods for detection and characterization of complex waste matrices, methods for assessing the impact on the environment generated by non-compliant landfills and risk prediction and reliable solutions and technologies for waste treatment and recovery. The topics approached represent a challenge for starting the implementation of circular economy concept
promoted by EU and adopted by countries and governments all over the world.

In this paper, a comparison is made of the level of air pollution between two brick production lines that apply different technologies, one old and one new, and more efficient. The main pollutants emitted in the air from the baking kilns are CO, SO2, NO2, HCl, HF, and dust. The monitoring of emissions was performed with a Testo 350 flue gas analyzer – the automatic method. A Paul Gothe isokinetic sampler was used to take dust, HCl, and HF sampling, and the analysis was performed in the laboratory using gravimetric and spectrophotometric analytical methods. The results of the tests performed showed a reduction in the level of pollution by applying the new and BAT technologies by up to 90% for all monitored pollutants, compared to the pollution produced by old and non-re-technologized line. At the same time, energy consumption is lower per unit of product, which results in a significant decrease in production costs.

This study aimed to develop two analytical methods for the determination of Cr6+ from fixed source emissions, such as the molecular absorption spectrophotometric method (UV-VIS) and the graphite furnace atomization absorption spectrometry method (GTAAS). The first stage in the development of analytical methods involves establishing the optimal operating conditions for, taking air samples, treating them for analysis, and the proceeding for analysis, followed by validating the method by determining performance parameters. For both methods is highly recommended, the use of isokinetic sampling with a sampling probe by the heated glass, quartz, or PTFE. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were concluded to be 12.38µg/m3 and 40µg/m3, respectively for the UV-VIS method and the GTAAS method 0.12 µg/m3 and 0.54 µg/m3 respectively.

In the paper are presented the results of tests on the evaluation of the level of noise and chemical air pollution in two distinct urban areas: an industrial area and an area characterized by heavy road traffic, with a focus on the novelty elements introduced by the regulations in force on the measurement and management of the level of ambient and industrial noise by periodically developing specific noise maps. The results of direct tests and noise maps developed in the case of the studied areas indicated higher values of the indicators measured near the road artery compared to the other measuring points, highlighting the influence of vegetation in urban areas to reduce noise levels and reduce air pollution.

In this paper, an assessment study was performed regarding air pollution with particulate matters including submicron particles. The evaluation of the contamination level was performed at a textile production unit in Pascani, Romania, which produces polyester knitwear. In the study, automatic determinations of total suspended particulate matters (TSP), PM 10, PM 2.5, and PM 1 (particle with nominal diameter <10 µm, <2.5 µm, and <1 µm), and submicron particulate matters (0.25, 0.35, 0.50 and 0.70) were performed both outdoor, in the ambient air, and indoor (workplace) in the area of the knitting machines. The correlation between the mass concentrations of submicronic particles (µg/m 3) and the numerical concentrations (number of particles/m3) was studied, too, to establish the most appropriate expression of the air pollution level with particulate matter. The results of the performed tests showed a level of ambient air pollution with particulate matters that exceed the limit values in the case of PM 2.5 and PM 10, the total suspended particulates still falling within the limits established by law. Likewise, in the case of workplace air, the level of inhalable particulate matter (particles with nominal diameter <100 µm), the concentration is below the limit values. Regarding the way of expressing the concentration of air particles, in µg/m3 or in no. particles/m3 the tests indicated better representativeness of the pollution level if the concentration in µg m3 is expressed for the dimensional fractions with diameter ≥ 1 µm and in no. particles/m3 for particles with a diameter of ≤1 µm.

Environmental protection is an essential human problem and that is why most countries in the world are taking measures to limit it. As we know, pollution is contamination with materials that damage health, quality of life, or the natural functioning of ecosystems. Although some environmental pollution is a result of the action of nature, most are caused by human activity. The disposal of waste from various industrial processes affects the quality of the environment. A particular current problem with environmental pollution is waste as a whole, including construction and demolition waste. Another current problem is noise pollution with negative effects on humans. In this paper, these two problems are addressed through the valorization of these types of waste and the production of composite materials with sound-absorbing properties. Six types of construction and demolition wastes are used and subjected to physical-chemical analysis to determine their moisture content, particle size, and chemical composition. Through an optimized technological process, composite materials were obtained and their sound absorption capacity was determined.