Suchergebnisse

The article considers V.N. Autocratov's contribution to the development of the theory of Russian archival science; it also provides an assessment of the scholar's understanding of the object, subject and the boundaries of archival science as a scientific discipline, of the issues of acquisition, recording and organization of recordkeeping of the USSR State Archival Fund. The paper characterizes the conditions in which V.N. Autocratov developed his archival theory. The latter was based on Marxist methodology and the so-called "principle of partisanship", to which Autocratov gave a rather original interpretation, essentially defining it as a search for professional criteria for assessing the source significance of a document when appraising its value. At the same time, it is noted that in his work Autocratov widely used a popular at his time information approach, giving it a paramount importance in a number of cases, for example, in determining the object of archival science. The scholar did not resort to the theory of archival science based on social memory, which was being developed at that time. However, while standing a historian, in his work he emphasized the historicism of archival knowledge, its orientation not only towards an archivist, but also towards the user of archives – a historian. The article highly evaluates Autocratov's fund theory, which retains its significance at the present time. Autocratov's contribution to the development of the concept of the USSR State Archival Fund is shown.

The article is devoted to the history of the existence of a unique historical source of personal origin – the "Diary of Prince D.M. Volkonsky", created for more than thirty years by a representative of the Tula branch of the Volkonsky princes. The daily records allow us to trace the everyday life of a Russian aristocrat, the author's subjective reaction to contemporary events, and are also a valuable source for studying the first third of the 19th century. Originally consisting of 42 notebooks, the "Diary" has not been fully preserved. Today, divided into parts, it is stored in three archives – the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian State Archives of Literature and Art, and the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library. The article deals with the part of the source that was deposited in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Fund 646 of the "Editorial Board of the journal 'The Voice of the Past'" and covers the period from 1812 to 1834, with time gaps. Despite the fact that the text of the document was referred to by S.P. Melgunov and A.G. Tartakovsky, only the war period of 1812–1814 was introduced into scientific circulation, the most famous part of which was the publication: "The Russians at Danzig". Its use in subsequent research makes it possible to supplement the existing sources of official origin and the sources of a memoir nature.