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The primary purpose of this paper is to present the post-council theology in
terms of theology of primacy of the most important theologians and in the
most important documents in the period after the Second Vatican Council.
Based in its documents, the Council made a huge turn in the Roman Catholic
ecclesiology. However, although the Ecumenical Council did not give any final
solutions, documents about the most important issues remain open for further
reflection and contemplative upgrading. The Council only laid the foundations
on which such an undertaking could begin. The paper focuses on theology of
primacy that evolved from the Council?s documents during the period after the
Second Council. The focus will be on subjects that had an impact not only on
the Roman Catholic, but in particular on the Orthodox and other churches as
well. The author of the paper will say more about the infallibility of the
Pope, the primacy of the Roman bishop, about the relation of the Pope with
other bishops, and about the relation of local and universal Church in the
light of the post-council theology. Particular attention will be paid to the
New catechism, a statement of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Mysterium Ecclesiae, and the dispute between cardinals Joseph Ratzinger and
Walter Kasper about the relation between the universal and local Church, with
special reference to the letter from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the
Faith Communionis Notia, written by Cardinal Ratzinger.

Gerald O'Collins explores the full scope of the positive teaching by the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) on other living faiths, illustrating how the Council made a startling advance in official Catholic teaching and how this teaching was borne out in the work of Pope John Paul II and Jacques Dupuis.

We use variation in religious doctrine produced by the unexpected Second Vatican Council (1962–65) to investigate the impact of religion on democratization. The Council, which transformed the Catholic Church from defender of the ancien régime into a leading apostle of religious freedom, human rights and democracy, represents the most significant example of institutionalized religious change since the Protestant Reformation. We adopt a difference-in-difference approach to estimate the Council's impact on democracy. Furthermore, we provide historical narratives on how the post-conciliar Catholic Church influenced the democratization process in different national contexts. Our research substantiates that the Church played a decisive role in third wave democratization.