Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the Book -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Rural-Urban Migration in Vietnam: Trend and Institutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Institutional Background -- 2.1 Social Protection -- 2.2 Health Care -- 2.3 Education -- 2.4 Employment -- 2.5 Credit -- 2.6 Housing and Utilities -- 3 Trends in Rural-Urban Migration -- 4 Migrants´ Contribution to the Places of Destination -- 5 Remittances and Migrants´ Contribution to the Places of Origin -- 6 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- Study of Rural-Urban Migration in Vietnam: The Survey -- 1 Survey Design, Preparation and Implementation -- 1.1 Objective of the Survey -- 1.2 Survey Design -- 1.3 Survey Training -- 1.4 Calling and Conducting Interviews -- 1.5 Quality Control -- 1.6 Data Entry -- 2 Descriptive Survey Results -- 2.1 Household and Individual Characteristics -- 2.2 Employment -- 2.3 Social Protection and Migrant Workers -- 2.4 Migrants´ Wellbeing: Health Status and Their Ability to Face Problems -- 2.5 Migrants´ Children -- 2.6 Household Income and Expenditure During Migration Period -- 2.7 Housing and Living Conditions -- 3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Internal Migration in Vietnam, 2002-2012 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Migration Choices: A Review of the Literature -- 3 Data -- 3.1 All Migration -- 3.2 Recent Migrants -- 4 Migration Patterns in Vietnam -- 5 Estimating Model -- 6 Estimation Results -- 6.1 Work and Non-work Migration -- 6.2 Choice of Destination -- 6.3 Recent Migrants for Work Purposes -- 7 Conclusions and Policy Discussion -- Appendix -- References -- Migration Duration and Migration Outcomes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Sample -- 3 Empirical Framework -- 4 Descriptive Analysis -- 5 Empirical Results -- 5.1 Factors Associated with Duration of Migration.

A case study of the impact of environmental changes in the highlands of Ethiopia on migration out of rural areas argues that environment change, especially drought, triggers migration somewhat but social factors also have an impact. The stories of migrants who left the countryside are related to conclude that many factors must operate together before the perception of adverse environmental change translates into migration. Most of these factors involve social structures which regulate access to those resources that are believed to increase the chance of improving livelihood security. Adapted from the source document.

This article discusses outcomes of rural-urban migration as part of a wider debate on urbanization and socio-economic development in mainland Tanzania. It presents empirical evidence from cities in the south-western, north-western and north-eastern parts of mainland Tanzania, and from a municipality in the eastern part of the country that links rural-urban migration to sanguine outcomes in selected elements of urban livelihoods. The results show that, while the earlier crop of migrants in the country comprised target workers, the current one is comprised of people who have more permanent interests in the towns. Also, where vertical mobility was a significant component of the drift to towns, rural-urban migration, urbanisation and socio-economic development in the studied towns were compatible. Migrants are a vital resource that should be harnessed for socio-economic development of the country.

"This paper is a theoretical study of rural-urban migration urbanization as it has occurred in many low-income economies in the postwar period. This process is viewed as a transfer of labor from a traditional, land-intensive technology to a human capital intensive technology with an unending potential for growth. The model emphasizes the role of cities as places in which new immigrants can accumulate the skills required by modern production technologies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PAPER IS TO EXAMINE WHETHER A PROPERLY CHOSEN RECRUITMENT POLICY IN THE URBAN SECTOR CAN APPEAR AT LEAST AS A PARTIAL SOLUTION TO THE URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM RESULTING FROM RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION. THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT HAS ALREADY MADE IT CLEAR THAT IN THE PRESENCE OF A RURAL-URBAN WAGE GAP, THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME CAN NOT AVOID THE PROBLEM OF RISING URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT RESULTING FROM RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION; AND THEREFORE POINTS TO A RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME AS A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM. THE STRATEGY SUGGESTED HERE OF INSTITUTING A SYSTEMATIC RECRUITMENT POLICY ON THE PART OF URBAN EMPLOYERS PROVIDES A CHEAPER ALTERNATIVE APPROACH, WHEN PLANNERS HAVE INSUFFICIENT RESOURCES AT THEIR DISPOSAL IN ORDER TO UNDERTAKE SUCH A PROGRAMME OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT.

Given the tremendous explosions of urban settlements and the decadence of rural areas during the past two or three decades, the myth, reality and hope of a sustainable human settlement pattern seem to have been unraveled by the two UN Habitat Conferences of 1976 and 1996. Even though the wide range, tempting and unresolved human settlement issues have for long been grappled with by the public policies, solutions to the problems have continued to remain a mystery in Nigeria.Migration is not a recent human phenomenon. Over time however, human beings have moved and established settlements in dual albeit with stratified socio-economic and geo-political compositions called either 'rural' or 'urban'. This paper attempts to examine and analyze the general problems of development of urban and rural settlements in Nigeria as well as various shifts in policies and strategies contained therein. However, it shows how and why efforts are concentrated more explicitly on urban settlements. These top-down manifestations of the growth centre strategies with a 'trickle-down' pattern, either in a spontaneous or induced manner, have evoked a reminiscence of other development paradigms and the futility of the approaches adopted, which are urban and industrial in nature, externally oriented and characterized by a highly advanced and capital intensive technology. Thus, artificially created Nigerian urbanized settlements are therefore not free from the intricacies of international dependency position, masterminded by MNCs, sanctioned by the Nigerian State and collaborated by the political and economic elites.