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Article is devoted the analysis of system of rules and the ethical principles of defence developed by the Russian attorneys at law at political trials in 1905. In article it is told about antagonism between the government and the Bar in days of the first Russian revolution. The author does a conclusion that studying and preservation of classical traditions of pre-revolutionary legal profession, as basic institute of a civil society, is actual for a modern society.

The following article is edited remarks from Attorney General Mukasey's Commencement address at Boston College Law School on May 23, 2008. His remarks focus on the role and ethics of lawyers in the Global War on Terrorism. Attorney General Mukasey contends that lawyers must faithfully adhere to the law, especially in the national security context where the questions are complex, the stakes are high and the pressures to do something other than adhere to the law are great. Attorney General Mukasey argues that political and public pressure on national security lawyers can lead to "cycles of timidity and aggression," and that scrutiny of their work, given the threats facing the country following September 11, 2001, must be conducted responsibly, with an appreciation of its institutional implications.

A final point I would make to students who are here today and about to go out into the legal world would be this: I have noticed that what I do is a bit controversial in some places. Why is that so? It is because the world is changing and because, understandably, people have apprehensions about change. It is also because there is very little understanding of what it is that we are doing in Geneva. Consciously, and intentionally, I have spent my first years on the Appellate Body in silence. Vanderbilt is one of the few places where I have spoken. It has been important for all of us who are Members of the Appellate Body to focus on establishing our institution, to speak with one voice, and to submerge our own identities into the system itself. I have tried very hard to do that. But, meanwhile, the world has continued to turn, and with its turning we have watched the growing apprehension around the world about what has come to be called "globalization." Not only in the United States, but in every country of the world, there is apprehension about the challenges globalization poses, and about what it will mean for individual human beings in our daily lives, and in our future together. This is understandable. In considering this, I would simply ask those who are apprehensive about globalization to remember our old friend Thucydides. The WTO is the result, not the cause, of globalization. The choice we face is not between globalization and no globalization. Rather, the choice we face is between an increasingly "globalized" world in which we will be ruled by the arbitrary exercise of economic and political power, or one in which we will have the rule of law. My own view is that we need more international law, not less. We need the rule of law. And we need the WTO.

The rise and historical differentiation of professional roles of lawyers in European countries are outlined. In the first part of the study the rise of the role of iuris consultus in Rome and change of this role during the history of Roman empire is analyzed in the second part the new beginning after Bologna from 1100.

A ZLREv article on the need for a stronger human rights culture in Zimbabwe as well as the participatory role of lawyers. ; After consulting with the various security authorities, the Government decided in the middle of 1990 that in the light of the improved security situation, the state of emergency which had been continuously in effect since Independence (and which had been continuously in operation for some fifteen years before Independence) would not be renewed. The ending of the state of emergency meant that the rule of law was put back into full force. No person may now be detained without trial. All persons who are accused of any form of criminal activity, including subversive activity, must be brought before the criminal courts to answer to specific criminal charges and, if the courts decide that their guilt has not been proven, they must go free. No person may now be placed in preventive detention simply because the Central Intelligence Organisation or any other security agency believes that that person poses some sort of danger to State security or that they shouldn't have been acquitted by the courts. The ending of the state of emergency has rightly been applauded both inside and outside the country. (To its credit, the Law Society had issued a public statement exhorting the authorities to take this step). The new environment which has been created by the ending of the state of emergency is more congenial for the establishment of a strong human rights culture and lawyers should play a pivotal role in the building up of this culture.