Suchergebnisse

This is a Conference Presentation, please access and cite the published version of the respective publication: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79382-1_24 Software Product Lines (SPLs) make use of Variability Models (VMs) as an input to automated reasoners, which are mainly used to generate optimal product configurations according to certain Quality Attributes (QAs). However, VMs and more specifically those including numerical features (i.e., NVMs), do not natively support QAs, and consequently, neither do automated reasoners commonly used in variability resolution. However, those satisfiability and optimisation problems have been covered and refined in other relational models such as databases. Category Theory (CT) is an abstract mathematical theory typically used to capture the common aspects of seemingly dissimilar algebraic structures. We propose a unified relational modelling framework subsuming the structured objects of VMs and QAs and their relationships into algebraic categories. This abstraction allows a combination of automated reasoners over different domains to analyse SPLs. The solutions optimisation can now be natively performed by a combination of automated theorem proving, hashing, balanced-trees and chasing algorithms. We validate this approach by means of the edge computing SPL tool HADAS. ; Munoz, Pinto and Fuentes work is supported by the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement DAEMON 101017109, by the projects co-financed by FEDER funds LEIA UMA18-FEDERJA-15, MEDEA RTI2018-099213-B-I00 and Rhea P18-FR-1081 and the PRE2019-087496 grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

This is a pre-print, please access and cite the published version: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79382-1_24 Software Product Lines (SPLs) make use of Variability Models (VMs) as an input to automated reasoners, which are mainly used to generate optimal product configurations according to certain Quality Attributes (QAs). However, VMs and more specifically those including numerical features (i.e., NVMs), do not natively support QAs, and consequently, neither do automated reasoners commonly used in variability resolution. However, those satisfiability and optimisation problems have been covered and refined in other relational models such as databases. Category Theory (CT) is an abstract mathematical theory typically used to capture the common aspects of seemingly dissimilar algebraic structures. We propose a unified relational modelling framework subsuming the structured objects of VMs and QAs and their relationships into algebraic categories. This abstraction allows a combination of automated reasoners over different domains to analyse SPLs. The solutions optimisation can now be natively performed by a combination of automated theorem proving, hashing, balanced-trees and chasing algorithms. We validate this approach by means of the edge computing SPL tool HADAS. ; Munoz, Pinto and Fuentes work is supported by the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement DAEMON 101017109, by the projects co-financed by FEDER funds LEIA UMA18-FEDERJA-15, MEDEA RTI2018-099213-B-I00 and Rhea P18-FR-1081 and the PRE2019-087496 grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

Purpose
This paper aims to systematize the contextual factors that influence the intention to use citizens and governments-initiated platforms, presenting them as non-functional requirements (NFRs), to facilitate their understanding to implementers.


Design/methodology/approach
A systematic mapping of the literature was done to identify the contextual factors from citizens and governments (C2G) adoption, followed by a survey applied to 938 potential users of this type of technology. The results were analyzed through logistic regression to understand the impact of the contextual factors on the intention to use C2G platforms and then those contextual factors were formalized as NFRs represented by a Softgoal Interdependence Graph.


Findings
Among the results, the most prominent factors were the influence of the "users perceived contribution" and the "citizens concern about the city conditions". Finally, some strategies are suggested to help public managers and developers to optimize the factors that have shown to be significant.


Practical implications
This study can support e-gov policies in the implementation of C2G platforms because several municipalities need assistance in taking actions to foster greater citizens' engagement. An example of this type of contribution is the indication of the factors of greatest impact in the adoption of use and the indication of paths to be followed if the manager and developers decide to focus on each of them.


Originality/value
The identification of several contextual factors which influence C2G platforms adoption and their systematization with the purpose of jointly visualizing and evaluating them.

IT procurement represents a business process of high importance, including the ability to articulate requirements that the procurement deals with. Furthermore, specifying requirements is of importance for both procurer and potential supplier, as it functions as central contractual element between the two. The purpose of this article is two-fold: (i) to show how established terminology for requirement specification is represented in current call for bids for the procurement of IT; and (ii) to introduce an organizing framework that may assist procurers in actively addressing functional requirements and business requirements. Ten "call for bids" were examined from a Swedish national procurement database. From the analysis of the bids, it can be concluded that: (i) the call for bids displays a high degree of precision regarding hardware aspects, but less precision regarding software; (ii) supplier experience and competence is stressed, but rarely elaborated on in detail; and (iii) call for bids vagueness may be used as a lock-in opportunity for suppliers. From the discussion on this, a tentative procurement framework is suggested, aiming on increasing the logical transparency for the procurement of IT.

Complex software-based systems must comply with both functional and non-functional requirements (NFRs) to provide usefulness. This paper presents a structured catalogue of quality requirements and a model-based approach to collect NFRs from the catalogue in a given project context. The NFR catalogue is structured according to the quality criteria from the ISO 25000 series of standards and can be further extended. This catalogue can be applied in specific software development or modernization projects and in the preparation of tenders. This application to a specific project context is achieved by using the BPMN-NFR method presented in this paper. In this method, pattern recognition in system models is used to build a soft-goal model that serves as a filter mechanism for selecting relevant quality requirements from the catalogue. Through enrichment with context information concrete system related non-functional requirements are derived, which can be used for the system development. This model-based method was developed and applied in the context of the modernization of the budgetary procedures of Germany's federal government.

The prime objective of this paper is to suggest a modification of existing structural-functional theory that will enable it better to incorporate sociol'al findings with respect to soc change & the recurrent tensions within & among soc systems. Specifically, explicit recognition must be accorded the existence of 'contradictory functional requirements' - inferred from contradictory structural arrangements - which appear to inhere in all soc systems or impinge upon them from without. This orientation should help to bridge the gap between the 2 out standing models in contemporary sociol: the integrationist or co-operation model, & the conflict or contest model. An effort is made to spell out the details of the argument & to provide empirical illustrations to clarify the discussion. Finally, a number of theoretical & methodological implications that stem from this orientation are pointed out. AA.