Suchergebnisse

Authorities all over the world have faced enormous challenges in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, including how to circulate up-to-date and accurate information to the general public concerning the novel coronavirus. In light of this, there has been much focus on studying information dissemination regarding COVID-19. Most of the attention in this communication research has been on large states such as the United States and the United Kingdom but smaller states like Iceland have mostly been absent in these studies. The aim of this article is twofold. First, it adds the Icelandic case to the COVID-19 communication research literature by examining findings from two representative surveys that were conducted in Iceland in June and August 2020 concerning COVID-19 and information dissemination, and how these findings compare to similar studies from larger states. Second, building on limited existing academic work on political communication in small states, I explore how the dissemination of information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic might be, to some extent, different in Iceland than in larger states because of the size variable. ; peer-reviewed

Iceland is a small country with a long legal history. Iceland, an island between Norway and G ree nland, has today appr. 250,000 inhab itants. The country was settled (mostly) by Norwegians in the 9th and 10th century. The parliament—the "Althing"—is more tha n 1,000 years old. The first Althing met in A.D. 930.

"Entered according to Act of Parliament by John G. Palmeson, arch 30th, 1906."--t.p. verso. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

Cover -- CONTENTS -- EXPENDITURE POLICY IN ICELAND: MOVING BEYOND THE CRISIS -- A. Context -- B. Five Expenditure Pressure Points -- C. Conclusions -- FIGURES -- 1. Government Health Expenditure -- 2. Healthcare Expenditure -- 3. Education Expenditure -- 4. Comparative Performance of Iceland's Education System -- 5. Public Investment -- 6. Capital Stock -- 7. Disability Expenditure -- 8. Pensions -- TABLES -- 1. Subjective Assessment -- 2. General Health Information -- REFERENCES -- CAPITAL FLOWS AND MONETARY POLICY EFFECTIVENESS IN SMALL OPEN ECONOMIES -- A. Context

This review of Iceland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data

Iceland has made considerable progress under an economic program supported by the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). Successful implementation of fiscal adjustment, effective use of capital controls, and financial sector restructuring have underpinned the recovery. Executive Directors emphasized that Iceland should continue to build up its stock of international reserves. They welcomed the new framework for corporate debt restructuring, passage of the 2011 budget, and the agreement on Icesave dispute. The IMF Board appreciated efforts in achieving program targets and granted a waiver for maintaining

This study focused on environmental tax measures, and on allocation, pricing, and taxation of Iceland's major hydropower and geothermal resources. Measures to secure the tax base for the corporate income tax (CIT) are proposed. Taxation of the financial sector can be improved by a number of measures. The measures that increase fiscal levies on energy-intensive industries should be avoided. The proposals in this paper aim at efficiency and equity in the tax system rather than revenue growth

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- ANNEXES -- TABLES -- FIGURES -- BOXES -- BACKGROUND -- A. Context -- B. Recent Developments -- 1. Recent Developments in Demand and Labor -- 2. Price and Exchange Rate Developments -- 3. Monetary Policy Developments -- 4. Fiscal Policy Developments and Outlook -- 5. External Sector Developments and Outlook -- 6. Banking Sector Developments -- 7. Financial Sector Developments -- 8. Private Sector Deleveraging -- C. Outlook and Risks -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS: RETURNING TO NORMALCY -- A. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy: A Difficult Juncture -- B. Fiscal Policy: Supporting Higher Potential Growth -- C. Financial Sector: Reinforcing Resilience -- D. Structural Reforms -- E. Capital Account Liberalization: A Renewed Push -- POST-PROGRAM MONITORING -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- 1. Iceland's Recovery: A Report Card -- 2. The Medium-Term Fiscal Strategy -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2011-16 -- 2. Money and Banking, 2011-16 -- 3. Medium-Term Projections, 2013-20 -- 4. Balance of Payments, 2011-20 -- 5. General Government Operations, 2011-20 -- 6. Financial Soundness Indicators, 2012-14 -- 7. Indicators of Fund Credit, 2008-16 -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix -- II. Authorities' Responses to 2013 IMF Article IV Consultation Recommendations -- III. Debt Sustainability Analyses -- Footnotes -- Iceland: 2014 Article IV Consultation and Fifth Post-Program Monitoring Discussions-Staff Report -- Press Release -- and Statement by the Executive Director for Iceland -- Iceland: Staff Report for the 2014 Article IV Consultation and Fifth Post-Program Monitoring Discussions-Informational Annex -- IMF Executive Board Concludes 2014 Article IV Consultation and Fifth Post-Program Monitoring Discussion with Iceland