Suchergebnisse

This article surveys the judicial and legislative developments in Virginia employment law between June 1990 and June 1991. Developments in the areas of worker's compensation and unemployment compensation, each of which has its own distinctive body of law, are outside the scope of this article.

The Coastal Plain includes the increasingly metropolitan area of Hampton Roads, the two counties on the Delmarva Peninsula known as the Eastern Shore, and the rural counties that make up the Chesapeake Bay region. The coastal plain extends inland for about 100 miles to a line that runs north and south from Arlington through Richmond, and down to Emporia in Brunswick county on the North Carolina border. In places, the great plain, slashed from east to west into three peninsulas by the Potomac, the Rappahannock, the York, and the James rivers, remains swampy, undeveloped wetlands. Typical of thi

abstract: A city based on tourism, military installations, agriculture, and home to the first landing of Jamestown colonists, Virginia Beach boasts 28 miles of coastline along the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean. Comparable to other beaches worldwide, the utter volume of visitors has taken its toll on the city, resulting in unsightly destruction and pollution. It is not unusual to read or hear about marine animals dying from eating or being trapped by waste that is deposited into oceans, or how oil spills are harmful to marine mammals, birds, and fish; yet somehow, it is uncommon to come upon the mentioning of butt litter, the most frequently littered item on Earth. Cigarette butts are strewn about the Virginia Beach boardwalk, resort strip, and the beach. In 2014, Clean Virginia Waterways collected more than 47,600 butts along streams, rivers, bays, and coastlines (CVW, 2015). With no smoking restrictions on the beach (or boardwalk,) tourists and local beachgoers alike frequently discard their butts on the sand and face no known consequences. Small but mighty, both smoked and unsmoked butts have severe impacts on waterways, economies, air quality, and public health. An economic analysis found that cities the size of San Francisco spend, on average, between $500,000 and $6 million annually to keep their beaches, streets, and parks clear of cigarette litter (Schneider et al., 2011). This paper examines strategies to: • Drastically reduce butt litter within the city Disposable/pocket ashtrays, additional butt/ash receptacles • Increase community awareness on the economic impacts of litter Organized cleanups, advertisements/marketing, partnerships with local NGOs • Enhance citations and alternative penalties for those who discard their butts on the sand. Additionally, this paper aims to discuss the potential implementation of a beach-wide smoking ban.

This study examined the 19-year tenure of Dr. E. E. Brickell, superintendent of the Virginia Beach City School System. Specifically, the study has further developed an understanding of the role, expectations, and challenges of the position to identify factors that contributed to Dr. Brickell's tenure longevity. The literature review conducted in this study revealed that specific factors contributing to a long tenure (more than 2.5 years) for a superintendent is inconclusive. The available data suggest that an interaction of political, environmental, and individual factors could effect the length of a superintendent's tenure. A qualitative research design was used in this study. The design itself was unique in that it allowed this researcher to conduct a power structure study of the organization and a personal account of Dr. Brickell's superintendency through the life story interview method. The methods for data collection were interviews with 40 participants, a life story interview with Dr. Brickell, and a document review of the public press and public minutes. Findings indicated that the role of the superintendent has not drastically changed since the turn of the century. The environmental factors on the position of the superintendent have contributed to heightened community expectations for the superintendent causing short tenure. Internal and external factors for Dr. Brickell's tenure longevity are documented and compared to current research findings about superintendent tenure. Highlights from this study indicate a need for the superintendent and the school division to create a unity of purpose for the educational system that is congruent with the needs and the desires of the community. Dr. Brickell had the unique ability to fight for the issues and marshal the support of the school division employees, the school board, and the community to build a school division that accomplished a unity of purpose. He did so by clarifying the issues that faced the educational system and establishing policies and programs to address those issues. Implications from this research as to the effect of the community on superintendent tenure are explicit. Recommendations are made for both the community and the superintendent for longevity.