Suchergebnisse

Interviewers' evaluations of the general difficulty of a survey have no effect on the cooperation rate they obtain, but do affect responses to individual questions. The effects of interviewer expectations were weaker with respect to three factors manipulated in the study: (1) the amount of information given to respondents before the interview, (2) the assurance of confidentiality given to respondents, & (3) the request for a signature, either before or after an interview. Although the effects of interviewers' expectations are not large, interviewers who expect more difficulty with a study, or certain parts of it, tend to obtain higher nonresponse rates to sensitive questions & lower estimates of sensitive behavior. An analogous problem is that of the similarity of interviewers' expectations: if interviewers share similar expectations, the effects of such expectations may be significant, yet difficult to detect without a special experimental strategy. 8 Tables. Modified AA.

Die Tendenz, Befragte für ihre Teilnahme an Umfragen zu bezahlen, lässt verschiedene nicht intendierte Folgen befürchten, so die Erwartung zukünftiger Zahlungen und die Möglichkeit einer Verschlechterung der Antwortqualität. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung sind eher beruhigend, was diese beiden Punkte angeht. Zwar stimmen Befragte, die schon einmal für ihre Teilnahme an einer Umfrage bezahlt worden sind, häufiger dem Statement "Man sollte für die Teilnahme an solchen Umfragen bezahlt werden" zu, sie beteiligen sich jedoch auch ohne weitere Zahlungen überdurchschnittlich oft an weiteren Untersuchungen. Befragte, die vor sechs Monaten eine Zahlung erhielten, verweigern die Beantwortung einer Batterie von achtzehn Fragen über diese Untersuchung nicht mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit als Befragte, die keine Zahlung erhielten. Darüber hinaus äußern sie häufiger positive Einstellungen zum Nutzen von "Untersuchungen wie dieser". Es ist jedoch noch zu untersuchen, in wie weit diese Ergebnisse verallgemeinerbar sind. (ICEÜbers)

The possibility of regime shifts in monetary policy can have important effects on rational agents' expectation formation and equilibrium dynamics. In a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model where the monetary policy rule switches between a dovish regime that accommodates inflation and a hawkish regime that stabilizes inflation, the expectation effect is asymmetric across regimes. Such an asymmetric effect makes it difficult but still possible to generate substantial reductions in the volatilities of inflation and output as the monetary policy switches from the dovish regime to the hawkish one.

We explored the direct relationship between newcomers' organizational tenure and job satisfaction while controlling for the age effect. We also investigated the moderating role of the gap between preentry expectations and postentry experience (the met-expectations hypothesis effect).
Longitudinal research involving 1,150 individuals in 2,693 observations in South Korea showed that newcomers' organizational tenure was negatively related to their job satisfaction. In addition, this negative association was more pronounced in the case of newcomers with a wide intrinsic motivational
gap between preentry expectations and postentry experience. The findings suggest that in order to enhance newcomers' job satisfaction, managers should consider their preentry expectations related to intrinsic motivation and fulfillment of such expectations in their current job and position.

This article explores how results from Iowa may affect outcomes in subsequent nomination contests. We suggest that how Iowa matters may be determined, at least in part, by how voters and the news media assess whether or not candidates meet or exceed expectations there.