Interprovincial Confederations and Great Inter-Ethnic Lords in TawantinsuyuThe four suyus of Tawantinsuyu were divided into various administrative provinces called guamaníes. However, there were also some interprovincial confederations as well as other inter-ethnic formations within the Inca State (e.g. Colesuyu, Collao, Charcas, etc.). They remain a much-neglected area of investigation, but we do know that some of the lords of these confederations were regarded as apocuna, "kings, captain generals and segundas personas of the Inca". For example, according to an unpublished manuscript, kept in the General Indian Archive of Seville, the grandson of the curaca of Lurin Huanca said in 1561 that his grandfather was married to an Inca daughter, and as an Inca's son-in-law, he governed a territory up to the Quito, as he was also the lord of the parcialidades of "hananguanca, luringuanca y Jauja". While we need not take this statement too literally, we should not reject it, either, among many other independent and quite similar pieces of evidence. It seems that special privileges with interprovincial powers were indeed granted by the Incas (within the respective suyus), and especially to chiefs who distinguished themselves in military campaigns. Furthermore, some Incas related to a religious cult, such as Apu Chalco Yupanqui, the son of the first Copacabana Governor, also had great interprovincial authority, similar to that described by Sarmiento in connection with suyoyoc apo. In this article we aim to elaborate on the hypothesis that the origin of these kinds of confederations and inter-ethnic powers may have been political or religious. Additionally, it seems that religion and military powers were frequently inseparable, because every military group had its own huaca or powerful idol, commonly shared with various local ethnic groups of the same area. In general, it was the chiefs of the most important military groups that received special privileges, and it was these same groups that were later used to setting up units of political and economic administration. ; Los cuatro suyus del Tawantinsuyu estuvieron divididos en varias provincias administrativas llamadas guamaníes; pero, existieron también algunas confederaciones interprovinciales y otras divisiones administrativas interétnicas dentro del Estado Inca, entre las que destacaron Colesuyu, Collao, Charcas, etc. A pesar de la poca información sobre el tema, se sabe que algunos jefes de estas confederaciones fueron considerados como apocuna, "soberanos, capitanes generales y segundas personas del Inca". Así pues, según un manuscrito inédito conservado en el Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla, un nieto del curaca de Lurin Huanca declaró en 1561 que su abuelo se casó con la hija del Inca y en su condición de yerno habría gobernado el territorio que se extendía hasta las provincias de Quito, siendo además señor de las parcialidades de "hananguanca, luringuanca y Jauja". Aunque no se acepta esta información en sentido literal, tampoco se la rechaza, pues se tiene conocimiento de otras declaraciones parecidas como testimonios independientes, dentro de un grupo de otras manifestaciones. Pudo suceder que los incas del Cuzco dieron mercedes especiales con poderes interprovinciales —dentro de los respectivos suyus— a los jefes que se distinguieron en las campañas conquistadoras, pero también algunos incas del culto estatal, como Apu Chalco Yupanqui, hijo del primer gobernador de Copacabana, tenían mucha autoridad interprovincial, parecida a la que Sarmiento describe en relación a un suyoyoc apo. Por ello, en este artículo se presenta la hipótesis de que el origen de dicho tipo de confederaciones y poderes interétnicos puede ser militar o religioso. Además, parece que muchas veces los poderes religiosos eran inseparables de los poderes militares, porque cada grupo militar tenía también su propia huaca o ídolo poderoso, muchas veces compartido con varias etnias de la misma área. En general, los jefes de los grupos más hábiles en los frentes bélicos recibieron ciertos privilegios y también es posible que, posteriormente, estos mismos grupos hayan sido empleados como unidades de la administración política y económica.
Este artículo presenta los principales resultados del primer "EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard", que muestra las primeras 500 compañías pertenecientes a la Unión Europea (UE) y las primeras 500 compañías no pertenecientes a la UE según su inversión en I+D. Después de una corta explicación de la definición y objetivos de este ejercicio, su contenido y sus principales conclusiones vienen junto con los resultados de otros análisis realizados dentro de La Comisión Europea, Dirección General, Centro Común de Investigación (CCI) Sevilla, mostrando la importancia del grado de concentración a nivel de compañía para la situación industrial de la I+D en general. Parece que hay una correlación entre la intensidad del crecimiento de I+D y el crecimiento de las ventas (netas) de las empresas. A pesar de una impresionante cantidad de inversión en I+D, la media general de la inversión en I+D de la muestra perteneciente a la UE es mucho menor que la de sus equivalentes. Esto está relacionado a una proporción menor de producción procedente de sectores con intensidad en I+D intrínseca alta, lo que se puede observar especialmente en compañías especializadas en IT hardware y también en servicios de software y para ordenadores. A pesar de que las cantidades de inversión en I+D son comparables para las grandes empresas, la proporción para empresas que están en medio y al final de la lista de "top-500 Scoreboard" es mucho menor en la UE que fuera de ella. Este análisis indica que los modelos y estructuras nacionales, regionales y sectoriales se desvían considerablemente de los de la media europea. Una sección entera del artículo esta dedicada a la comparación entre sectores de los indicadores de I+D. El problema de la concentración de la inversión en I+D entre compañías muy importantes que invierten en I+D viene investigada en mayor detalle, entre las empresas grandes, según el sector de actividad y según la localización. También se ha demostrado que la muestra de las compañías inversoras en I+D más importantes se puede caracterizar estadísticamente por heterocedasticidad. ____________________________________________This paper presents the main results from the 2004 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, which lists the top 500 EU companies and the top 500 non-EU companies ranked by their R&D investment. After a short description of the definitions and objectives of the exercise, its content and main findings are shown together with results from other analyses performed within The European Common Directorate General, Joint Research (JRC) – Seville, showing the impact of the degree of concentration at the company's level on the overall industrial R&D stance. There seems to be a correlation between R&D intensity growth and net sales growth. Despite a competitive total amount of R&D investment, the average overall R&D intensity of the sampled European Union companies is much smaller than for their non-EU counterparts. This is related to a smaller proportion of output from sectors with high intrinsic R&D intensity, which is particularly noticeable in IT Hardware and Software and Computer Services. Although R&D investment amounts are comparable for the biggest firms, the share of R&D performers at the middle and the bottom of the EU-500 Scoreboard is much smaller in the EU than in the non-EU. The analysis indicates that national, regional and sectoral patterns deviate considerably from the overall picture of the EU. An entire section of the paper is dedicated to an inter-sector comparison of R&D-related indicators. The issue of concentration of R&D investment among top companies investing in research is investigated in more detail, in large companies, by sector of activity and by location. It is also proved that the sample of top R&D investing companies is statistically characterised by heteroscedasticity.
Ressenya del seminari organitzat des dels Estudis de Dret i Ciència Política de la UOC pel Dr. Marc Tarrés. La activitat es va realitzar amb el patrocini de l'Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya i va tenir lloc al Saló de Graus de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), els dies 19 i 20 de novembre de 2008. El seminari va comptar amb la presència de reconeguts especialistes procedents dels àmbits acadèmic i judicial, que van exposar davant una concurrència nodrida el paper dels poders públics davant situacions de risc. Els ponents van ser el Dr. José Esteve Pardo, catedràtic de Dret Administratiu de la UB; el Dr. Juan Antonio Carrillo Donaire, professor titular de Dret administratiu de la Universitat de Sevilla; el Dr. Gabriel Doménech, professor de Dret Administratiu del CEU - San Pablo de València; l'Il·lm. Sr. Manuel Táboas Bentanachs, magistrat de la Sala Contenciosa Administrativa del TSJ de Catalunya, i el Dr. Francesc Rodríguez Pontón, professor titular de Dret administratiu de la UB. En el transcurs de dues jornades es van abordar especialment els casos relacionats amb la seguretat dels aliments, la biotecnologia i la protecció mediambiental. En tots aquests sectors es va analitzar l'operativitat del principi de precaució, la responsabilitat de les administracions públiques, el paper del procediment administratiu i l'autoregulació. ; Summary of the conference organised by Dr.Marc Tarrés, from the Law and Political Science Department of the UOC. The meeting was sponsored by the School of Public Administration of Catalonia and it was held at the Salón de Grados of the University of Barcelona (UB), on 19 and 20 November 2008. At the very-well attended conference were recognised experts from academia and law, who put forward the role of public administrations in risk situations. The speakers were Dr. José Esteve Pardo, Chair in Administrative Law at the UB, Dr. Juan Antonio Carrillo Donaire, Chair in Administrative Law at the University of Seville, Dr. Gabriel Doménech, Lecturer in Administrative Law at the CEU San Pablo de Valencia, Sr. Manuel Táboas Bentanachs, Magistrate at the Sala Contenciosa Administrativa (courts ruling on legal conflicts with public administration bodies) of the TSJ (supreme courts) of Catalonia, and Dr. Francesc Rodríguez Pontón, Chair of Administrative Law at the UB. Over the two days, the discussion was mainly focussed on cases linked to food safety, biotechnology and environmental protection. In all these areas, the operation of the principle of precaution, responsibility of public administrations, the role of administrative procedure and self-regulation were analysed. ; Reseña del seminario organizado desde los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la UOC por el Dr. Marc Tarrés. La actividad se realizó bajo el auspicio de la Escuela de Administración Pública de Cataluña y tuvo lugar en el Salón de Grados de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB), los días 19 y 20 de noviembre del 2008. El seminario contó con la presencia de reconocidos especialistas procedentes de los ámbitos académico y judicial, quienes expusieron ante una nutrida concurrencia el papel de los poderes públicos ante situaciones de riesgo. Los ponentes fueron el Dr. José Esteve Pardo, catedrático de Derecho Administrativo de la UB, el Dr. Juan Antonio Carrillo Donaire, profesor titular de Derecho administrativo de la Universidad de Sevilla, el Dr. Gabriel Doménech, profesor de Derecho administrativo del CEU - San Pablo de Valencia, el Ilmo. Sr. Manuel Táboas Bentanachs, magistrado de la Sala Contenciosa Administrativa del TSJ de Cataluña, y el Dr. Francesc Rodríguez Pontón, profesor titular de Derecho administrativo de la UB. En el transcurso de dos jornadas se abordaron especialmente los casos relacionados con la seguridad de los alimentos, la biotecnología y la protección medioambiental. En todos esos sectores se analizó la operatividad del principio de precaución, la responsabilidad de las administraciones públicas, el papel del procedimiento administrativo y la autorregulación.
Ressenya del seminari organitzat des dels Estudis de Dret i Ciència Política de la UOC pel Dr. Marc Tarrés. La activitat es va realitzar amb el patrocini de l'Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya i va tenir lloc al Saló de Graus de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), els dies 19 i 20 de novembre de 2008. El seminari va comptar amb la presència de reconeguts especialistes procedents dels àmbits acadèmic i judicial, que van exposar davant una concurrència nodrida el paper dels poders públics davant situacions de risc. Els ponents van ser el Dr. José Esteve Pardo, catedràtic de Dret Administratiu de la UB; el Dr. Juan Antonio Carrillo Donaire, professor titular de Dret administratiu de la Universitat de Sevilla; el Dr. Gabriel Doménech, professor de Dret Administratiu del CEU - San Pablo de València; l'Il·lm. Sr. Manuel Táboas Bentanachs, magistrat de la Sala Contenciosa Administrativa del TSJ de Catalunya, i el Dr. Francesc Rodríguez Pontón, professor titular de Dret administratiu de la UB. En el transcurs de dues jornades es van abordar especialment els casos relacionats amb la seguretat dels aliments, la biotecnologia i la protecció mediambiental. En tots aquests sectors es va analitzar l'operativitat del principi de precaució, la responsabilitat de les administracions públiques, el paper del procediment administratiu i l'autoregulació. ; Summary of the conference organised by Dr.Marc Tarrés, from the Law and Political Science Department of the UOC. The meeting was sponsored by the School of Public Administration of Catalonia and it was held at the Salón de Grados of the University of Barcelona (UB), on 19 and 20 November 2008. At the very-well attended conference were recognised experts from academia and law, who put forward the role of public administrations in risk situations. The speakers were Dr. José Esteve Pardo, Chair in Administrative Law at the UB, Dr. Juan Antonio Carrillo Donaire, Chair in Administrative Law at the University of Seville, Dr. Gabriel Doménech, Lecturer in Administrative Law at the CEU – San Pablo de Valencia, Sr. Manuel Táboas Bentanachs, Magistrate at the Sala Contenciosa Administrativa (courts ruling on legal conflicts with public administration bodies) of the TSJ (supreme courts) of Catalonia, and Dr. Francesc Rodríguez Pontón, Chair of Administrative Law at the UB. Over the two days, the discussion was mainly focussed on cases linked to food safety, biotechnology and environmental protection. In all these areas, the operation of the principle of precaution, responsibility of public administrations, the role of administrative procedure and self-regulation were analysed. ; Reseña del seminario organizado desde los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la UOC por el Dr. Marc Tarrés. La actividad se realizó bajo el auspicio de la Escuela de Administración Pública de Cataluña y tuvo lugar en el Salón de Grados de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB), los días 19 y 20 de noviembre del 2008. El seminario contó con la presencia de reconocidos especialistas procedentes de los ámbitos académico y judicial, quienes expusieron ante una nutrida concurrencia el papel de los poderes públicos ante situaciones de riesgo. Los ponentes fueron el Dr. José Esteve Pardo, catedrático de Derecho Administrativo de la UB, el Dr. Juan Antonio Carrillo Donaire, profesor titular de Derecho administrativo de la Universidad de Sevilla, el Dr. Gabriel Doménech, profesor de Derecho administrativo del CEU - San Pablo de Valencia, el Ilmo. Sr. Manuel Táboas Bentanachs, magistrado de la Sala Contenciosa Administrativa del TSJ de Cataluña, y el Dr. Francesc Rodríguez Pontón, profesor titular de Derecho administrativo de la UB. En el transcurso de dos jornadas se abordaron especialmente los casos relacionados con la seguridad de los alimentos, la biotecnología y la protección medioambiental. En todos esos sectores se analizó la operatividad del principio de precaución, la responsabilidad de las administraciones públicas, el papel del procedimiento administrativo y la autorregulación.
In: The economic history review, Band 24, Heft 2, S. 292-354
ISSN: 1468-0289
Book Reviews in This Article:GREAT BRITAIN. K. H. Connell. Irish Peasant Society: Four Historical Essays.Cyril Hart. The Hidation of Northamptonshire.Ian Kershaw (Ed.). Bolton Priory Rentals and Ministers'Accounts, 1473‐1539. Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, CXXXII.K. P. Wilson (Ed.). Chester Customs Accounts, 1301‐1566.Calendar of Treasury Books Preserved in the Public Record Office. Vol. XXVIII, pt II: January‐July 1714.R. M. Hartwell (Ed.). The Industrial Revolution. Nuffield College Studies in Economic History.Philip Whitting. Coins, Tokens and Medals of the East Riding of Yorkshire.Eric Robinson and Douglas McKie (Eds.). Partners in Science. Letters of James Watt and Joseph Black.A. G. L. Shaw (Ed.). Great Britain and the Colonies, 1815‐1865.Joel H. Wiener. A Descriptive Finding List of Unstamped British Periodicals, 1830‐1836.Alice Mary Hadfield. The Chartist Land Company.J. E. G. Peters. The Development of Farm Buildings in Western Lowland Staffordshire up to 1880.S. B. Saul (Ed.). Technological Change: The United States and Britain in the igth Century.S. Pollard (Ed.). The Gold Standard and Employment Policies between the Wars.Ruth Pike. Enterprise and Adventure. The Genoese in Seville and the Opening of the New World.Stanley J. and Barbara H. Stein. The Colonial Heritage of Latin America: Essays on Economic Dependence in Perspective.Van Cleaf Bachman. Peltries or Plantations: The Economic Policies of the Dutch West India Company in New Netherland, 1623‐1639.Thomas C. Barrow. Trade and Empire: The British Customs Service in Colonial America, 1660‐1775.Glyndwr Williams (Ed.). Andrew Graham's Observations on Hudson's Bay, 1767‐91. With an Introduction by Richard Glover.Malcolm Rohrbough. The Land Office Business: The Settlement and Administration of American Public Lands, iy8g‐i83j.Peter Temin. The Jacksonian Economy.S. F. Wise and Robert Craig Brown. Canada Views the United States: Nineteenth Century Political Attitudes.Paul M. Gaston. The New South Creed: A Study in Southern Mytkmaking.Paul W. Gates. The Illinois Central Railroad and Its Colonization Work. Reprint of 1934 edition with a new Introduction.Jagk Poggi. Theater in America: The Impact of Economic Forces, 1870‐1967.Elmus R. Wicker. Federal Reserve Monetary Policy.Frank Cormier and William J. Eaton. Reuther.Robert P. Swierenga (Ed.). Quantification in American History: Theory and Research.Vincent P. Carosso. Investment Banking in America.Daniel M. Fox. The Discovery of Abundance, Simon JV. Patten and the Transformation of Social Theory.C. C. Qualey (Ed.). Thorstein Veblen.Rolf Sprandel. Das Eisengewerbe im Mittelalter.Horst‐Detlef Illemann. Bäuerliche Besitzrechte im Bistum Hildesheim. Eine Quellenstudie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Grundherrschaft des ehemaligen Klosters St. Michaelis in Hildesheim.Friedrich Luutge (Ed.). Wirtschqftliche und soziale Probleme der gewerblichen Entwicklung im 15.‐16. und 19. Jahrhundert.Ekkehard Wiest. Die Entwicklung des Nürnberger Gewerbes zwischen 1648 und 1806.Friedrigh Wilhelm Henning. Dienste und Abgaben der Bauern im 18. Jahrhundert.Focko Eulen. Vom Gewerbefleiβ zur Industrie. Ein Beitrag zur Wirtschajlsgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts.Margareta Edlin‐Thieme. Studien zur Geschichte des Münchner Handelsstandes im 18. Jahrhundert.Martin Schumacher. Auslandsreisen deutscher Untemehmer, 1750–1851, unier besonderer Berücksichtigung von Rheinland und Westfalen.Peter Scherer. Reichsstift und Gotteshaus Weingarten im 18. Jahrhundert. Ein Beitrag zur Wirtschaftsgeschichte der südwestdeutschen Grundherrschaft.Erich Maschke (Ed.). Die Pforzheimer Schmuck‐ und Uhrenindustrie.Marie‐Elisabeth Vopelius. Die altliberalen Ökonomen und die Reformzeit.Lothar Schneider. Der Arbeiterhaushalt im 18. und ig. Jahrkundert. Dargestellt am Beispiel des Heim‐ und des Fabrikarbeiters.Heinrich Rubner. Forslgeschichte im Zeitalter der industriellen Revolution.Juurgen Kuczynski. Eine Weltübersicht über die Geschichte der Lage der Arbeiter.Juurgen Kocka. Unternehmensverwaltung und Angestelltenschaft am Beispiel Siemens, 1847 bis 1914. Zum Verhältnis von Kapitalismus und Bürokratie in der deutschen Industrialisierung.Karl Anders. Stein für Stein. Die Leute von Bau–Steine–Erden und ihre Gewerkschaften, i86g bis ig6g.Helmut Bouhme. Prolegomena zu einer Sozial‐ und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Deutschlands im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert.Wolfram Fischer (Ed.). Wirtschafts‐ und sozialgeschichtliche Probleme der frühen Indus‐trialisierung.Frits Kool and Werner Krause (Eds.). Die frühen Sozialisten.Hans Herzfeld and Gerd Heinrich (Eds.). Berlin und die Provinz Brandenburg im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert.Guunther Franz (Ed.). Universität Hohenheim (Landwirtschaftliche Hochsckule) 1818‐1968.Ernst Klein. Die akademischen Lehrer der Universität Hohenheim (Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule) 1818‐1968.150 Jahre Universität Hohenheim. Vorträge, Ansprachen, Glückwünsche und Ehrungen beider Jubiläumsfeier, 19. bis 21. Juni 1968.Harald Winkel. Die Ablösungskapitalien aus der Bauembefreiung in West‐ und Süddeutschland. Höhe und Verwendung bei den Standes‐ und Grundherren.Manfred Erdmann. Die verfassungspolitische Funktion der Wirtschqftsverbände in Deutsch‐land 1815‐1871.Gerhard Adelmann (Ed.). Quellensammlung zur Geschichte der sozialen Betriebsverfassung. Ruhrindustrie, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Industrie‐ und Handelskammerbezirks Essen, Vol. n: Soziale Betriebsverfassung einzelner Unternehmen der Ruhrindustrie.Gertrud Adelmann (Ed.). Registerband zur Quellensammlung zur Geschichte der sozialen Betriebsverfassung.Manfred Seeger. Die Politik der Reichsbank von 1876‐1914 im Lichte der Spielregeln der Goldwährung.Karl‐Gustav Werner. Organisation und Politik der Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbände in der deutschen Bauwirtschaft.Josef Wein. Die Verbandsbildung im Einzelhandel. Mittelstandsbewegung, Organisatinnen der Groβbetriebe, Fachverbände, Genossenschaften und Spitzenverband.Hans‐Jurgen Puhle. Agrarische Interessenpolitik undpreujtischer Konsewatismus im Wilhelminischen Reich, 1893‐1914.Konrad Roesler. Die Finanzpolitik des Deutschen Reiches im Ersten Weltkrieg.Henning Kohler. Arbeitsdienst in Deutschland. Pläne und Verwirklichungsformen bis zur Einführung der Arbeitsdienstpflicht im Jahre 1935.Wilhelm Magura. Chronik der Agrarpolitik und Agrarwirtschaft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 1945 bis 1967.
У статті розглянуто роль священиків у розвитку та функціонуванні аматорських театральних гуртків у селах Тернопільського повіту в кінці ХІХ – першій третині ХХ століття. Звернено увагу на їхній життєвий та душпастирський шлях, мистецькі уподобання та організаторські здібності. Показано репертуар, роботу керівників-постановників й акторський склад театральних колективів. Висвітлено також соціально-політичне становище населення у цей період та його вплив на культурно-мистецьке життя краю. ; Since ancient times, Ukrainians were enthusiastically embraced various theatrical performances, which made them a great impression not only songs and dances, but also content, inspiration, as well as a professional play of talented actors. Therefore, the leaders of the local branches of Prosvita first of all took care of the formation of theater circles in their village. Very often, the founders and long-term leaders of the branches of "Prosvita" in the villages were the priests, who were considered the most experienced people in the community and had a great authority among the population. The Enlightenment movement was best developed where there were intelligent and active priests with a sense of national dignity. Much depended on the spiritual shepherds: who was the priest – this was the community as well. In conditions of statelessness, priests in Ukraine for many centuries served not only to satisfy the religious needs of the faithful, they were often in the village with the only force that could protect the national interests of the peasants, they rallied the nation to social and political life without them not celebration of national memorable dates and events.One of the most famous and authoritative priests in the Ternopil region is the founder and head of the cell of the "Prosvita", Father Ambrosiy Krushelnytsky, who, together with his family, moved to the village of Bila near Ternopil in 1878. In 1884, he founded the "Prosvita" reading room in the village, giving away a lot of his own books to her, organizing the choir at the reading room, keeping them at the beginning at his own expense, despite the fact that his family was large children, but still had to be kept old parents. Becoming the first head of the reading room at the age of forty three, Father Ambrosiy stayed in this elective office until May 28, 1901, that is, presided over almost 17 years. Although the election of the readers of the leadership, according to its charter, took place annually, and the villagers all the time elected only his chairman.An active cultural and educational work was carried out by the rural branch of "Prosvita" Society under the chairmanship of Father Mykola Chubaty who was the pastor of the village of Petrykiv from 1888 until his death in 1928. Father Mykola Chubaty in the rural "Prosvita" paid special attention to the education of local residents: they arranged a school in their hut, free peasant education, founded a brotherhood of sobriety. He was constantly elected chairman of the Prosvita Society in Petrykiv village.The village of Ostriv reached the highest cultural and artistic level in the first half of the twentieth century, in particular when Father Vasyl Glukhovetsky became a pastor of the village – who took a great interest in the community of the village and actively attracted people to the educational work.Especially many works and efforts to revitalize the national consciousness of the village community of the village of Butsniv were made by the pastor Father Izidor Glinsky, at the end of the nineteenth century. Thanks to him the local reading-room gathered the villagers not only on weekends or holidays, but almost every evening. Father Izidor has repeatedly invited priests from Ternopil for the service of worship and lectures on various topics so that people can hear more interesting news from educated people from the county. The patriotic position of a local priest and his associates-like-minded people in the cultural and artistic sphere did a great deal of work in the village, primarily among the participants of the local "Prosvita", whose number was increasing every year.Instead of the long-lived head of the Butsniv "Prosvita" of Isidor Glinsky, Father Mykola Kulinych came in, who was also indifferent to the activity of the theater circle in the village.In 1933, the young priest Vasyll Kurilas became the head of "Prosvita" Butsniv village. In the new parish, in addition to the diligent performance of pastoral duties, he led the Brotherhoods of the most sacred mysteries, the Savior and the Ukrainian Catholic Union acting in the church, took an active part in the community life of the village. Much attention was paid to the cultural and artistic work of the reading room, giving the owners practical advice.Thus, the activity of the priests in cultural and educational institutions, in particular, "Prosvita" and "Ridna Shkola", played an important role in the development of education and the elevation of spirituality in the region. By helping rural communities create and operate amateur theater circles, priests have made an important contribution to the spread of culture and art among their parishioners. Through viewing another-genre performances, viewers were able to learn about the history, customs, traditions and the lives of their ancestors-Ukrainians, to realize their mission in difficult times for them, and to form their own national position and defend it in the future.
У статті розглянуто роль священиків у розвитку та функціонуванні аматорських театральних гуртків у селах Тернопільського повіту в кінці ХІХ – першій третині ХХ століття. Звернено увагу на їхній життєвий та душпастирський шлях, мистецькі уподобання та організаторські здібності. Показано репертуар, роботу керівників-постановників й акторський склад театральних колективів. Висвітлено також соціально-політичне становище населення у цей період та його вплив на культурно-мистецьке життя краю. ; Since ancient times, Ukrainians were enthusiastically embraced various theatrical performances, which made them a great impression not only songs and dances, but also content, inspiration, as well as a professional play of talented actors. Therefore, the leaders of the local branches of Prosvita first of all took care of the formation of theater circles in their village. Very often, the founders and long-term leaders of the branches of "Prosvita" in the villages were the priests, who were considered the most experienced people in the community and had a great authority among the population. The Enlightenment movement was best developed where there were intelligent and active priests with a sense of national dignity. Much depended on the spiritual shepherds: who was the priest – this was the community as well. In conditions of statelessness, priests in Ukraine for many centuries served not only to satisfy the religious needs of the faithful, they were often in the village with the only force that could protect the national interests of the peasants, they rallied the nation to social and political life without them not celebration of national memorable dates and events.One of the most famous and authoritative priests in the Ternopil region is the founder and head of the cell of the "Prosvita", Father Ambrosiy Krushelnytsky, who, together with his family, moved to the village of Bila near Ternopil in 1878. In 1884, he founded the "Prosvita" reading room in the village, giving away a lot of his own books to her, organizing the choir at the reading room, keeping them at the beginning at his own expense, despite the fact that his family was large children, but still had to be kept old parents. Becoming the first head of the reading room at the age of forty three, Father Ambrosiy stayed in this elective office until May 28, 1901, that is, presided over almost 17 years. Although the election of the readers of the leadership, according to its charter, took place annually, and the villagers all the time elected only his chairman.An active cultural and educational work was carried out by the rural branch of "Prosvita" Society under the chairmanship of Father Mykola Chubaty who was the pastor of the village of Petrykiv from 1888 until his death in 1928. Father Mykola Chubaty in the rural "Prosvita" paid special attention to the education of local residents: they arranged a school in their hut, free peasant education, founded a brotherhood of sobriety. He was constantly elected chairman of the Prosvita Society in Petrykiv village.The village of Ostriv reached the highest cultural and artistic level in the first half of the twentieth century, in particular when Father Vasyl Glukhovetsky became a pastor of the village – who took a great interest in the community of the village and actively attracted people to the educational work.Especially many works and efforts to revitalize the national consciousness of the village community of the village of Butsniv were made by the pastor Father Izidor Glinsky, at the end of the nineteenth century. Thanks to him the local reading-room gathered the villagers not only on weekends or holidays, but almost every evening. Father Izidor has repeatedly invited priests from Ternopil for the service of worship and lectures on various topics so that people can hear more interesting news from educated people from the county. The patriotic position of a local priest and his associates-like-minded people in the cultural and artistic sphere did a great deal of work in the village, primarily among the participants of the local "Prosvita", whose number was increasing every year.Instead of the long-lived head of the Butsniv "Prosvita" of Isidor Glinsky, Father Mykola Kulinych came in, who was also indifferent to the activity of the theater circle in the village.In 1933, the young priest Vasyll Kurilas became the head of "Prosvita" Butsniv village. In the new parish, in addition to the diligent performance of pastoral duties, he led the Brotherhoods of the most sacred mysteries, the Savior and the Ukrainian Catholic Union acting in the church, took an active part in the community life of the village. Much attention was paid to the cultural and artistic work of the reading room, giving the owners practical advice.Thus, the activity of the priests in cultural and educational institutions, in particular, "Prosvita" and "Ridna Shkola", played an important role in the development of education and the elevation of spirituality in the region. By helping rural communities create and operate amateur theater circles, priests have made an important contribution to the spread of culture and art among their parishioners. Through viewing another-genre performances, viewers were able to learn about the history, customs, traditions and the lives of their ancestors-Ukrainians, to realize their mission in difficult times for them, and to form their own national position and defend it in the future.
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When the spread of COVID19 globally, it would be possible to affirm that tourism is in an authentic situation of life-support machine. Governments around the world are pouring money into the sector in anticipation of a speedy recovery. This is also the desire on the part of a business sector that hopes to return, as soon as possible, to the buoyant pre-pandemic situation. However, there are numerous voices, mostly from the academic sphere and social movements, which warn that the occasion is not being used to modify some of the old patterns that dragged tourism production. With the intention of taking advantage of old teachings, this article focuses on the role that social movements and the ideology of degrowth have played in protest actions against touristification in Spain in recent years. Although, these types of episodes have been frequent in cities such as Madrid, Palma de Mallorca, Bilbao, Seville and Valencia, without any doubt those that have had the greatest diffusion and influence have been carried out in Barcelona. Platforms such as the Assemblea de Barris per un Turisme Sostenible (ABTS), an organization formed by grassroots movements, associations and other entities have stood out in their performance. Since its constitution in 2015, the ABTS has been at the forefront whenever it has tried to demand a reduction in the flow of tourists to the Catalan capital and a reversal of the social, economic, cultural and environmental effects indicated as harmful and generated by mass tourism. The research hypothesis raises that the dominant discourse, by emphasizing the contribution that tourism has made to Spanish economic and political development, provides a positive framework for the industry that contrasts sharply with the concerns about its harmful effects expressed by its opponents, the degrowth movements. The interpretation of such a proposal will be developed through the use of the Analysis of Political Discourse (ADP), as well as the treatments of Louis Althusser on the concept of ideology, and the interpellation and work on tourism degrowth developed by various authors. Finally, the text shows what happens when these interpellation attempts fail, as has happened so spectacularly in the case of Barcelona. ; Desde la extensión del COVID19 a nivel global, sería posible afirmar que el turismo se encuentra en una auténtica situación de respiración asistida. Gobiernos de todo el mundo inyectan dinero en el sector a la espera de una pronta recuperación. Éste es también el anhelo de parte de un sector empresarial que espera volver, cuanto antes, a la boyante situación pre-pandémica. Sin embargo, son numerosas las voces, en su mayoría provenientes del ámbito académico y los movimientos sociales, que alertan de que no se está aprovechando la ocasión para modificar algunas de las viejas pautas que arrastraba la producción turística a nivel global. Con la intención de aprovechar viejas enseñanzas, el presente artículo se centra en el papel que han jugado los movimientos sociales y la ideología del decrecimiento en las acciones de protesta contra la turistificación en España durante los últimos años. Si bien, este tipo de episodios han sido frecuentes en ciudades como Madrid, Palma de Mallorca, Bilbao, Sevilla y Valencia, sin duda los que mayor difusión e influencia han ejercido han sido aquellos llevados a cabo en Barcelona. En su desempeño han destacado plataformas como la Assemblea de Barris per un Turisme Sostenible (ABTS), organización formada por movimientos de base, asociaciones y otras entidades. Desde su constitución en 2015, la ABTS ha estado en primera línea siempre que se ha tratado de demandar una reducción en el flujo de turistas hacia la capital catalana y una reversión de los efectos sociales, económicos, culturales y medioambientales señalados como dañinos y generados por turismo masivo. La hipótesis de la investigación plantea que el discurso dominante, al enfatizar la contribución que el turismo ha hecho al desarrollo económico y político español, proporciona un marco positivo para la industria que contrasta fuertemente con las preocupaciones sobre sus efectos nocivos expresadas por sus oponentes, los movimientos decrecentistas. La interpretación de tal propuesta se desarrollará mediante el uso del Análisis del Discurso Político (ADP), así como los tratamientos de Louis Althusser sobre el concepto de ideología, y la interpelación y el trabajo sobre el decrecimiento turístico desarrollada por diversos autores. Finalmente, el texto muestra lo que sucede cuando fallan estos intentos de interpelación, tal y como ha sucedido de manera tan espectacular en el caso de Barcelona.
La sociedad de la información y del conocimiento plantea retos al ámbito educativo (Cantón, Valle, Arias, Baelo & Cañón, 2010), para formar individuos capacitados y con miras a un mundo sociolaboral cada vez más inestable (Homs, 2008). Esta situación lleva a plantear la creación de nuevos escenarios (Cabero, 2008), en los que el individuo pueda formarse y adquirir competencias profesionales acordes al puesto de trabajo y competencias para ejercer una ciudadanía activa (Tejada, 2013); así como contribuir al capital social y humano de sus comunidades de pertenencia (Azqueta, Gavaldón & Margalef, 2007). Bajo este prisma, las instituciones políticas, sociales y educativas deben establecer lazos para colaborar y trabajar en equipo (Martín-Gutiérrez & Morales-Lozano, 2013a). Así se manifiesta la importancia de la colaboración educativa con el entorno como elemento de transformación social y cambio para el desarrollo de las organizaciones, y para el rendimiento de los individuos vinculados a ellas (Katz & Earl, 2010; Mfum-Mensah, 2011). La Formación Profesional (FP), es una propuesta formativa que ha sabido adecuarse a la sociedad de hoy, actuando como motor de innovación y mejora social (Marhuenda, 2012), ya que responde a las exigencias del mercado, pero también se ajusta a las necesidades e intereses personales del individuo (Real Decreto 1147/2011). Como reflejo de la complejidad educativa-social actual y de los objetivos propuestos en este trabajo, esta investigación opta por un paradigma mixto (Najmanovich, 2005). Por ello se utilizan metodologías complementarias (cuantitativa-cualitativa) (Albert, 2007). En este sentido, mediante el uso de un cuestionario validado por su contenido (Powell, 2003) y su construcción (Bisquerra, 2004) y fiable (García, 2003); con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un error del 5% se obtiene, un tamaño muestral teórico de 193 Centros educativos de FP de Andalucía de una población total de 383, para conocer desde una perspectiva educativa, las relaciones de colaboración con el entorno que mantienen los centros, bajo la perspectiva de los miembros del equipo directivo. De forma complementaria, se realiza un estudio de caso (Yin, 1994) en un centro de FP de Sevilla, con objeto de realizar una aproximación a la naturaleza de las relaciones, mediante la información recopilada de las entrevistas (López-Górriz, 2003), documentos (Tójar, 2006) y grupo de discusión (Parrilla, 1990). Los resultados muestran que los miembros de los equipos directivos de los centros de FP, son conscientes de la importancia que conlleva el establecimiento de las relaciones de colaboración tanto para el alumnado, como para los implicados del centro y del entorno (Martín-Moreno, 2004). De esta manera, estos equipos articulan y potencian mecanismos para innovar y avanzar en la consecución y formalización de las relaciones en el Plan de Centro y en los convenios de colaboración (Hernández, 2000). Fundamentalmente establecen relación con las empresas (públicas-privadas) del entorno socioeconómico (Nkhangweleni, 2013). Sin embargo, a pesar de la vinculación directa del alumnado que cursa la FP con el sector productivo y del deseo de los centros, se resalta la baja implicación de los sindicatos, agentes sociales (Napier, 2014) y los servicios de orientación y empleo de ámbito local, autonómico y nacional (Cueto & Suárez, 2014). Como consecuencia de los mecanismos puestos en marcha, destacan la mejora de competencias del alumnado en el mercado laboral, y la creación de puentes entre la formación del alumnado y las realidades profesionales (Felgueroso & Jiménez-Martín, 2010). Por lo que creen necesario acceder a políticas específicas que apoyen las iniciativas colaborativas (Nkhangweleni, 2013), organizar encuentros de buenas prácticas y contar con el apoyo de las TIC (Gordó, 2010). Derivado de las diferencias significativas encontradas en las respuestas de los equipos directivos de los centros, se identifican y describen posibles modelos de centros de FP en función de las características de las relaciones de colaboración: centros administrativos (A), centros iniciados (B), centros formalizados (C) y centros entramados (D). El modelo de FP más predominante en Andalucía y Sevilla es el modelo de centros A, seguido del C, B y D. Para finalizar, los resultados y análisis conducen a afirmar que la mayoría de los centros de FP se encuentran iniciando una exploración con respecto a las posibilidades de la colaboración con el entorno, seguidos de algunos que tienen identidad colaboradora, es decir sus relaciones forman parte de la dinámica organizativa del propio centro. En este sentido sus miembros desean seguir avanzando para consolidar una cultura de colaboración que fortifique e impulse la enseñanza de FP y el desarrollo profesional y personal del alumnado. Por este motivo, este trabajo en sus conclusiones propone pautas y recursos para potenciar la colaboración y las redes de aprendizaje, entre los centros de FP y sus comunidades/organizaciones de referencia formativa a nivel macro (Gobierno y Administración) y a nivel micro (Centros Educativos e instituciones del entorno). ; The society of information and knowledge poses challenges to the educational environment (Canton Valley, Arias, Baelo & Cannon, 2010), teaching trained individuals with a view of an increasingly unstable socio-labored world (Homs, 2008). This situation implores the creation of new scenarios (Cabero, 2008), in which the individual can receive training and acquire vocational skills adapted to their job as well as competencies for active citizenship (Tejada, 2013); therefore contributing to social and human capital of the communities they belong to (Azqueta, Gavaldón & Margalef, 2007). In this light, political, social and educational institutions should establish ties to collaborate and work together (Martin & Morales, 2013). Thus occurs the importance of educational collaboration with the environment as an element of social transformation and change for organizational development, and the performance of individuals linked to them (Katz & Earl, 2010; Mfum-Mensah, 2011). Vocational and Educational Training (VET) is a training proposal that has managed to adapt to today's society, acting as a driver for innovation and social improvement (Marhuenda, 2012), as it reacts to market requirements, but also meets the needs and interests of the individual (Royal Decree 1147/2011). As a reflection of the current educational-social complexity and the objectives proposed in this paper, this research has chosen a mixed paradigm (Najmanovich, 2005). Therefore complementary methodologies (quantitative-qualitative) (Albert, 2007) are used. In this sense, using a questionnaire validated by its content (Powell, 2003), and construction (Bisquerra, 2004), and reliability (Garcia, 2003), with a confidence level of 95% and an error level of 5%. A theoretical sample size of 193 VET educational centers in Andalusia with a total population of 383 were studied in order to learn from an educational perspective what collaborative relationships are formed in the environment that the centers maintain, according to the perspective of the members of the management team. To complement this, a case study (Yin, 1994) was performed in a VET center in Seville in order to get an approximate nature of the relationships through information gathered from interviews (López-Górriz, 2003), documents (Tójar, 2006), and group discussion (Parrilla, 1990). The results show that members of the management teams of VET institutions are aware of the importance of establishing partnerships for both students and for those involved at these centers and its environment (Martín-Moreno, 2004). Hence, these teams articulate and strengthen mechanisms for innovation and progress in achieving and formalizing relationships with the Center's Plan and with cooperation agreements (Hernández, 2000). Relationships are fundamentally established between companies (public-private) within the socioeconomic environment (Nkhangweleni, 2013). However, despite the desire of the centers and the direct link of students enrolled in VET within the productive sector, a low involvement of trade unions, social agents (Napier, 2014), and counseling services, as well as local, regional, and national employment levels is highlighted (Cueto & Suárez, 2014). As a result of the mechanisms put into place, improving students' skills in the labor market and creating bridges between students' training and professional realities can be highlighted (Felgueroso & Jiménez-Martín, 2010). And therefore believe that access to specific policies that support collaborative initiatives (Nkhangweleni, 2013), organizing meetings of good practice, and having the support of ICT is necessary (Gordó, 2010). Derived from the significant differences found in the responses of the centers' management teams, possible models of VET are identified and described in terms of the characteristics of the partnerships: administrative centers (A), initiation centers (B), formalized centers (C) and support centers (D). The most predominant VET model in Andalusia and Seville is the administrative center model A, followed by C, B and D. Finally, the results and analysis lead to the assertion that most VET institutions are beginning to explore the possibilities of collaboration with their environment, followed by those with a 'collaborator' identity, that is, their relationships are part of an organizational dynamic of the center itself. In this respect, its members want to move forward to consolidate a culture of collaboration that strengthen and enhance students' vocational education and professional and personal development. For this reason, this paper proposes in its conclusions guidelines and resources to enhance collaboration and learning networks between VET schools and communities/organizations with a formative reference at the macro level (Government and Administration) and at the micro level (Educational Centers and institutions of the environment).
[EN] Paradigm of a religious composer of the Hispanic Eighteenth Century, the Catalan Francisco Andreví (*1786; †1853) probably has been -and perhaps till very recently- one of those who has suffered the most from the prejudices of later historiography. "Militant" priest associated with the most radical and conservative environment of the first Carlism -which led him into exile- his abundant production has not yet deserved a single monographic audio record. And all this, in spite of the enormous social visibility that he reached at the time, like maestro de capilla of the Spanish Royal Chapel and active musician in the Paris of Berlioz, Cherubini and many others. In his facet as a composer, he won all the oppositions he attended (Segorbe, Santa Maria del Mar, the cathedrals of Valencia and Seville, the Spanish Royal Chapel or, in his last stage, the church of Our Lady of Mercy in Barcelona). In the meantime, during his stay in France, he ruled the musical magisterium of the cathedral of Bordeaux, and then the organ of the Parisian church of Saint Pierre de Chaillot. But, as a man of his time, not only devoted himself to religious music, but also cultivated instrumental music (orchestral and chamber music), frequenting the halls and theatres both in Madrid and Paris, and teaching classes in the first conservatory of Madrid. A friend of Rossini, who later became interested in him, the author of operas Auber praised in writing his well-known Treatise on Composition, published in Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, which was considered as an academic model by Spanish creators until the end of the 19th century. But over time, he was unjustly seen as an example of a type of Spanish music self-indulgent and debtor of the Italian opera, being relegated to oblivion. The attractiveness of his career and his "politically incorrect" professional profile mean that today, from the most strict and dispassionate historical and musicological positioning, it is now possible to review his contribution to the international musical scene of the moment. ; [ES] Paradigma de compositor religioso del Ochocientos hispánico, el catalán Francisco Andreví (*1786; †1853) ha sido -tal vez, y hasta fechas muy recientes- uno de quienes más ha sufrido los prejuicios de la historiografía posterior. Presbítero "militante" asociado al entorno más radical y conservador del primer carlismo -lo que le llevó al exilio-, su abundante producción todavía no ha merecido un solo registro discográfico monográfico. Y todo ello, a pesar de la enorme visibilidad social que alcanzara en su momento, como maestro de la Real Capilla española y músico activo en el París de Berlioz, Cherubini y tantos otros. En su faceta de compositor, ganó todas las oposiciones a las que se presentó (Segorbe, Santa María del Mar, las metropolitanas de Valencia y Sevilla, la Real Capilla española o, en su última etapa, la iglesia de "la Mercè" en Barcelona). Y entretanto, durante su estancia, expatriado en Francia, rigió el magisterio de la catedral de Burdeos, y luego, el órgano de la iglesia parisina de Saint Pierre de Chaillot. Pero, hombre de su tiempo, no sólo se dedicó a la música religiosa, sino que cultivó también la música instrumental (orquestal y de cámara), frecuentando los salones y teatros de Madrid y París, e impartiendo clases en el primer conservatorio de la capital española. Amigo de Rossini -que años más tarde se interesaba por él-, el operista Auber elogió por escrito su conocido Tratado de composición, publicado en Madrid, Barcelona y París, tenido como modelo académico por buena parte de los creadores españoles hasta fines del siglo XIX. Pero con el paso del tiempo, fue injustamente visto como ejemplo de un tipo de música española del primer Ochocientos, autocomplaciente y deudora de la ópera y maneras italianas -provista de ciertas ínfulas orquestales, e incluso a veces, frívola-, siendo relegado al olvido. Lo atractivo de su trayectoria, y su perfil profesional "políticamente incorrecto", hacen que hoy, desde el más estricto y desapasionado posicionamiento histórico y musicológico, sea ya posible revisar su aportación al panorama musical internacional del momento y reivindicar su producción, para que ésta vuelva a sonar, sometida al juicio de sucesivas generaciones, nuevamente disfrutada. ; Se enmarca en los resultados del Proyecto de Investigación Coordinado de I + D + i (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia) titulado El patrimonio musical de la España moderna (siglos XVII-XVIII): recuperación, digitalización, análisis, recepción y estructuras retóricas de los discursos musicales (HAR2017-86039-C2-1-P), del que A. Ezquerro es Investigador Principal. ; Peer reviewed
With this thesis, we will study Alfonso X the Wise's Setenario (1282-1284). This encyclopedic text, composed of "laws", consists of a complex though incomplete rewriting of legal, historic and scientific works assigned to the sovereign. It starts with a general propaedeutic and is afterwards based on two main themes. First, it presents a history of ancient beliefs (animism, idolatry and astrology) as a prefiguration of the Christian ritual. Then, thanks to a series of connections and interpretative leaps, it demonstrates how pagan customs and devotions led to the conception of the list of the seven sacraments. This final presentation, inspired by the contents of the Primera Partida and canonical texts, is a true profession of faith that establishes the norms of religious practices. Through a study of the sources and structures of this text, we will show how Alfonso X expresses, for the last time, his political and intellectual ideals. Certainly written at the end of his reign, the Setenario is not only a testament but also a transitional work. It puts an end to a period of intense literary activity led in a hostile context. Diseased, exiled in Seville, the king presents in this treatise a complete vision of his intellectual project that, as a legacy, he passes on to his successors. The text heralds a new way of thinking, born out of an effort to synthetize and structure knowledge. It prepares the rising of a new class of clergymen who, in the late 13th century, will give theological questions a central place in literary production. ; En el marco de la presente investigación doctoral, nos proponemos estudiar el Setenario de Alfonso X el Sabio (1282-1284). Este texto, compuesto por "leyes", constituye una reescritura compleja, aunque inacabada, de las obras jurídicas, históricas y científicas atribuidas al soberano. Tras una propedéutica general, se organiza en torno a dos ejes temáticos. Propone primero una historia de las creencias antiguas (animismo, idolatría y astrología) en tanto que prefiguración del ritual cristiano. Luego, gracias a una serie de correspondencias y giros interpretativos, demuestra cómo las costumbres y devociones paganas llevaron a la elaboración del septenario sacramental. Esta presentación final, copiada al contenido de la Primera Partida y de varios textos de derecho canónico, constituye una verdadera profesión de fe que establece las normas de la práctica religiosa.A través de un examen de las fuentes y estructuras de este texto, mostraremos cómo Alfonso X enuncia, por última vez, sus ideales políticos e intelectuales. Redactado sin duda al final de su reinado, el Setenario constituye a la vez un testamento y una obra de transición. Remata un período de intensa actividad literaria llevada a cabo en un contexto a menudo hostil. Enfermo, exiliado en Sevilla, el rey expone en este tratado una visión total de su proyecto intelectual que dirige, como un legado, a sus sucesores. El texto inaugura el auge de un nuevo pensamiento, debido al esfuerzo de síntesis y organización de los saberes que lo caracteriza. Anticipa el ascenso al poder de una casta de clérigos que, durante los últimos años del siglo XIII, va a reorientar la producción letrada hacia cuestiones teológicas. ; Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous proposons d'étudier le Setenario d'Alphonse X le Savant (1282-1284). Ce texte encyclopédique, composé de « lois », constitue une réécriture complexe quoiqu'inachevée des œuvres juridiques, historiques et scientifiques attribuées au souverain. Après une propédeutique générale, il est articulé autour de deux grands ensembles thématiques. Il propose tout d'abord une histoire des croyances anciennes (animisme, idolâtrie et astrologie) comme préfiguration du rituel chrétien. Puis, grâce à une série de correspondances et de sauts interprétatifs, il démontre comment les coutumes et dévotions païennes ont conduit à l'élaboration du septénaire sacramentel. Cette présentation finale, calquée au contenu de la Primera Partida et aux textes du droit canon, est une véritable profession de foi qui établit les normes de la pratique religieuse.À travers une étude des sources et structures de ce texte, nous montrerons comment Alphonse X formule, pour la dernière fois, ses idéaux politiques et intellectuels. Sans doute écrit à la fin de son règne, le Setenario est à la fois un testament et une œuvre de transition. Il vient clore une période d'intense activité littéraire menée dans un contexte souvent hostile. Malade, exilé à Séville, le roi expose dans le traité une vision totale de son projet intellectuel qu'il destine, comme un legs, à ses successeurs. Le texte marque les prémisses d'une pensée nouvelle, née de l'effort de synthèse et d'organisation des savoirs. Il prépare l'avènement d'une caste de religieux qui, dans les dernières années du XIIIe siècle, va ramener les questions théologiques au cœur de la production lettrée.
With this thesis, we will study Alfonso X the Wise's Setenario (1281-1284). This encyclopedic text, composed of "laws", consists of a complex though incomplete rewriting of legal, historic and scientific works assigned to the sovereign. It starts with a general propaedeutic and is afterwards based on two main themes. First, it presents a history of ancient beliefs (animism, idolatry and astrology) as a prefiguration of the Christian ritual. Then, thanks to a series of connections and interpretative leaps, it demonstrates how pagan customs and devotions led to the conception of the list of the seven sacraments. This final presentation, inspired by the contents of the Primera Partida and canonical texts, is a true profession of faith that establishes the norms of religious practices. Through a study of the sources and structures of this text, we will show how Alfonso X expresses, for the last time, his political and intellectual ideals. Certainly written at the end of his reign, the Setenario is not only a testament but also a transitional work. It puts an end to a period of intense literary activity led in a hostile context. Diseased, exiled in Seville, the king presents in this treatise a complete vision of his intellectual project that, as a legacy, he passes on to his successors. The text heralds a new way of thinking, born out of an effort to synthetize and structure knowledge. It prepares the rising of a new class of clergymen who, in the late 13th century, will give theological questions a central place in literary production. ; En el marco de la presente investigación doctoral, nos proponemos estudiar el Setenario de Alfonso X el Sabio (1282-1284). Este texto, compuesto por "leyes", constituye una reescritura compleja, aunque inacabada, de las obras jurídicas, históricas y científicas atribuidas al soberano. Tras una propedéutica general, se organiza en torno a dos ejes temáticos. Propone primero una historia de las creencias antiguas (animismo, idolatría y astrología) en tanto que prefiguración del ritual cristiano. Luego, gracias a una serie de correspondencias y giros interpretativos, demuestra cómo las costumbres y devociones paganas llevaron a la elaboración del septenario sacramental. Esta presentación final, copiada al contenido de la Primera Partida y de varios textos de derecho canónico, constituye una verdadera profesión de fe que establece las normas de la práctica religiosa.A través de un examen de las fuentes y estructuras de este texto, mostraremos cómo Alfonso X enuncia, por última vez, sus ideales políticos e intelectuales. Redactado sin duda al final de su reinado, el Setenario constituye a la vez un testamento y una obra de transición. Remata un período de intensa actividad literaria llevada a cabo en un contexto a menudo hostil. Enfermo, exiliado en Sevilla, el rey expone en este tratado una visión total de su proyecto intelectual que dirige, como un legado, a sus sucesores. El texto inaugura el auge de un nuevo pensamiento, debido al esfuerzo de síntesis y organización de los saberes que lo caracteriza. Anticipa el ascenso al poder de una casta de clérigos que, durante los últimos años del siglo XIII, va a reorientar la producción letrada hacia cuestiones teológicas. ; Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous proposons d'étudier le Setenario d'Alphonse X le Savant (1282-1284). Ce texte encyclopédique, composé de « lois », constitue une réécriture complexe quoiqu'inachevée des œuvres juridiques, historiques et scientifiques attribuées au souverain. Après une propédeutique générale, il est articulé autour de deux grands ensembles thématiques. Il propose tout d'abord une histoire des croyances anciennes (animisme, idolâtrie et astrologie) comme préfiguration du rituel chrétien. Puis, grâce à une série de correspondances et de sauts interprétatifs, il démontre comment les coutumes et dévotions païennes ont conduit à l'élaboration du septénaire sacramentel. Cette présentation finale, calquée au contenu de la Primera Partida et aux textes du droit canon, est une véritable profession de foi qui établit les normes de la pratique religieuse. À travers une étude des sources et structures de ce texte, nous montrerons comment Alphonse X formule, pour la dernière fois, ses idéaux politiques et intellectuels. Sans doute écrit à la fin de son règne, le Setenario est à la fois un testament et une œuvre de transition. Il vient clore une période d'intense activité littéraire menée dans un contexte souvent hostile. Malade, exilé à Séville, le roi expose dans le traité une vision totale de son projet intellectuel qu'il destine, comme un legs, à ses successeurs. Le texte marque les prémisses d'une pensée nouvelle, née de l'effort de synthèse et d'organisation des savoirs. Il prépare l'avènement d'une caste de religieux qui, dans les dernières années du XIIIe siècle, va ramener les questions théologiques au cœur de la production lettrée.
Mención Internacional en el título de doctor ; This dissertation, which is structured as a four-paper thesis, aims to analyze the potential existence of an asset bubble in the market for offices (i.e., licenses to be a public officer) in 17th century Castile. In order to examine whether this idea holds true, I have constructed a unique database which contains 1,813 sales, 2,794 resignations, and 370 leases of four different types of offices (regidores-veinticuatros, procuradores del número, escribanos del número, and other escribanos) in 8 major Castilian cities (Burgos, Córdoba, Granada, Madrid, Málaga, Seville, Valladolid, and Zamora) from 1543 to 1710. Chapter I focuses on collection process, main characteristics and limitations of the database. This is mainly based on original manuscripts from the Council of Finance and the Chamber of Castile. Besides sales and resignations, the dataset includes other relevant variables, such as perpetuaciones, leases, wages, and arrangements with creditors, that allows an extensive study of the evolution of the market for offices in Castile. The main limitation of this database is that secondary sales are underreported before the 1580s. However, this problem may be overcome due to the fact that this period is rich in primary sales, and both primary and secondary sales are statistically equivalent. Chapter II studies the institutional evolution and size of market for offices, while analyzing office profitability. I differentiate between the "patrimonialization" process (i.e., conversion of offices into a part of family patrimony) and institutionalization (i.e., the process through a formal market for offices was created). The latter played a key role in the development of property rights, reduction of transaction costs, and expansion of the market for offices. Also, the value at market prices of the most relevant offices in the eighteen cities with voting rights at the Cortes is estimated. The estimates result in 2,807,012 ducats in 1581, 5,358,871 ducats in 1599, and 10,919,189 ducats in 1640. These number are equivalent to 6.2, 7.1, and 8.8 percent of overall consolidated public debt of the whole kingdom in 1581, 1599, and 1640 respectively. Finally, it is shown in this chapter that offices were economically profitable. Offices with fixed earnings display wage-to-price ratios between 2.6 and 5.7 percent, while variable-pay offices had ratios between 6 and 12 percent on average. Additionally, offices could be leased, and the standard return to capital of leases was close to 5 percent. Chapter III analyzes how offices became financial assets during the 16th century. In particular, it is studied how the combination of offices, censos (long-term loans), and pactos de retroventa (repurchasing agreements) allowed office-holders to lease out offices, and create sophisticated financial vehicles, such as Office-Backed-Censos and repo transactions. This chapter also shows that offices fulfilled all conditions to be regarded as safe assets. This means that offices did not suffer from adverse selection, were very liquid, and increased their value during worsening economic times (the latter is analyzed through several dynamic panel models, such as DOLS, PDOLS and AMG, that are suitable for the characteristics of the dataset). To conclude, chapter IV studies the evolution of office prices during the 16th and 17th centuries. First, it is demonstrated that markets for offices were integrated along Castile. The analysis of prices also shows that the boom-bust cycle took place between 1595 and 1630-40. Most plausible fundamental variables that could provoke this cycle (expansive monetary policies, Dutch Disease, perpetuaciones, and servicio de millones) are ruled out. Hence an explanation is provided based on the Aoki et al.'s (2014) model that fits with the timing of the boom-bust and the aforementioned evidence. This model proves the tendency of economies to overvalue safe assets, and concludes that bubbles can arise due to a safe asset shortage. This indeed happened in Castile from the late 1590s onwards. The kingdom suffered from a shortfall of haven assets since 1593-1596 due to juros' loss of safety caused by the Crown's debt-management. Castilian investors then substituted juros for silver and offices, and provoked the office bubble. The bust, which took place in the late 1630s and 1640s, could be explained because of the reduction in office profitability, and a harsh economic and political crisis that probably restricted access to credit and deteriorated political fundamentals of offices. Finally, it is shown that the so-called Office Mania coincided with some traditional patterns of bubbles (low interest rates, growing credit, speculation, and arrangements with creditors). Also, this mania fulfilled all criteria to be considered a bubble by Quinn and Turner (2020). It is to say that satisfied the "bubble triangle" (marketability, increasing credit and money, and speculation), and it was triggered by a government policy (i.e., the bad practices in debt management). ; Programa de Doctorado en Historia Económica por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; la Universidad de Barcelona y la Universitat de València (Estudi General) ; Presidente: Francisco Andújar Castillo.- Secretaria: Pilar Nogués-Marco.- Vocal: Rui Pedro Ferreira Da Costa Esteve
Las sociedades contemporáneas cada vez más interconectadas globalmente confirman la diversidad humana en todas sus manifestaciones, siendo una de ellas la dinámica organización dentro de modalidades familiares que se constituyen en el marco de los derechos y los principios que defienden su reconocimiento y dignidad. El creciente número de uniones mixtas constituidas por las personas de diverso origen nacional, religioso y/o étnico, ha llamado la atención del ámbito científico a pesar de su existencia en el devenir de la humanidad. Con un objetivo relativamente sencillo de, conocer la percepción de las uniones mixtas acerca de sus diferencias culturales, la gestión y transformación de éstas en el transcurso de su convivencia, la presente tesis analiza diversos aspectos en su trayectoria vital individual y conjunta en los que se han hecho presentes. La tesis abarca las características del proceso migratorio emprendido por las parejas extranjeras, el encuentro y conformación de la unión, la convivencia en los planos interno y socio- familiar, la llegada de la descendencia, las expectativas futuras de la vida familiar y de pareja y, por último, su percepción de integración realizada. Con una metodología combinada y un enfoque exploratorio-interpretativo, la población participante estuvo conformada por personas pertenecientes a uniones mixtas, residentes en Andalucía, principalmente en las provincias de Huelva y Sevilla. Los resultados obtenidos coinciden con algunos de los principales estudios llevados a cabo en el territorio nacional. No obstante, se pone en cuestión algunas definiciones desde las cuales se han descrito la realidad familiar culturalmente mixta en términos de asimilación, heterogamia, entre otros, a partir de los análisis realizados sobre las trayectorias migratorias, formativas, laborales y de la unión. Entre las principales conclusiones, destaca, el dinamismo de las diferencias en el transcurso de la convivencia, sujetas a las interacciones dentro de contextos estructurados socioculturalmente. Las diferencias traspasan las formas identitarias estereotipadas pasando a formar parte de las biografías y del bagaje de la experiencia personal, sin ser ajenas a la influencia histórica, social, política y económica, en la producción y reproducción de los significados atribuidos a la alteridad. A su vez, no todas las diferencias son fuente potencial de conflictividad ni todos los conflictos tienen un componente cultural. Con un bajo nivel de conflictividad que, además presenta un carácter transitorio, las uniones manifiestan la importancia de las competencias, recursos y estrategias en su resolución, vehiculizadas mediante una comunicación eficaz, basada en el amor, la intimidad y compromiso. El estudio pretende contribuir con el desarrollo del conocimiento científico en las diferentes áreas, campos y disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales implicadas con el estudio e intervención de la familia, las migraciones, la salud, la educación, el género, entre otras. ; Contemporary societies, which are increasingly interconnected at a global scale, confirm human diversity in all its manifestations, one of them being the dynamism of family organization within constituted in the framework of rights and principles that defend its recognition and dignity. The rising number of mixed unions formed by individuals of different national, religious or ethnic backgrounds, has attracted the attention of all scientific domains despite its existence in the evolution of humankind. With the relatively simple objective of knowing how mixed unions these perceive their cultural differences, how they manage them and how differences are transformed in the course of their living together, this dissertation analyses several aspects of couples' life considered individually and in partnership. The study tackles the characteristics of the migration process undertaken by foreign partners, the meeting and conformation of the union, co-existence at an internal and socio-familiar level, the arrival of descendants, future expectations about family life and partnership and, lastly, their views on attained integration. Using a combined methodology and an exploratory and interpretative approach, the partaking population was formed by adults' men and women in mixed unions living in Andalusia, chiefly in the provinces of Huelva and Seville. The results obtained are coincidental with some of the main studies conducted in the national territory. However, some of the definitions that have been used to describe the reality of families culturally mixed in terms of assimilation, heterogamy, among others, are questioned based on the analyses carried out about migratory, formative, professional and union trajectories. Among main conclusions, the dynamism of differences in coexistence process depending on interactions in sociocultural structured contexts is highlighted. Differences overstep stereotyped identity frames to take part into biographies and personal experiences, not being external to historic, social, political and economic influence in production and reproduction of meanings assigned to otherness. At the same time, not all differences are a potential source of conflict, nor do all conflicts have a cultural component; with a low level of conflict which, in addition, has a temporary nature, unions manifest the importance of competences, resources and strategies necessary for their resolution, achieved through efficient communication based on love, intimacy and compromise. This study aims to contribute to the development of scientific knowledge in different areas, fields and disciplines of Social Sciences involved in the study of, and interventions on family, migration, health, education, and gender issues, among others.
