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Knowledge of the characteristics and size of the agricultural input sector of a country is critical for policymakers to design appropriate interventions that not only foster growth in the sector, but also support the agricultural development goals of the country. In 2009, the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Fertilizer Development Center jointly conducted a census of agricultural input dealers in Ghana to fill a critical data gap on the nature of the country�s agricultural input sector. This paper presents a detailed description of the sector�s structure, market practices, and supply chain. It also assesses the sector�s response to recently implemented fertilizer subsidies, and findings show that, despite the government�s goal of making the subsidy program supportive of the private market, the majority of fertilizer retailers were excluded from participating. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP32 ; DSGD

The strong increase of global biofuel markets within the last years has led to a continuous increase of biofuel feedstock demand. Due to the current state of biofuel production technologies primarily traditional agricultural commodities, like cereals, sugar or vegetable oils are used for biofuel production. Thus, biofuel markets are closely connected to agricultural markets. Future policy targets indicate that biofuel and thereby biofuel feedstock demand will further increase. The European Renewable Energy Directive of 2009, for example, sets the target to achieve 10 percent energy from renewable sources in total European transport energy consumption until 2020. This thesis intends to assess and quantify impacts of European biofuel policies implemented to achieve the target of the European Renewable Energy Directive until 2020 on global biofuel and agricultural markets. A scenario analysis is done under different assumptions concerning global biofuel trade, the availability of 2nd generation biofuel production technologies, and price development of fossil fuel. For the quantitative analysis, a behavioural market model for biofuels and biofuel feedstocks is developed extending the agricultural sector model CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact). The extended version covers behavioural functions for biofuel supply, demand, trade and biofuel feedstock demand. Furthermore, functions approximating total fuel demand behaviour are introduced, differentiated into total diesel and gasoline demand. The model permits to simultaneously evaluate future biofuel and agricultural policies. The results of the analysis show that by reaching the target of the Renewable Energy Directive about 20 percent of EU27 biofuel consumption in 2020 relies on imports. For European biodiesel production in 2020, it is shown that a notable share of the used feedstock (mainly rape oil) is imported. Furthermore, it is observed that biofuel by-products are used as substitutes for traditional feed crops in the livestock sector partially compensating the increase in biofuel feedstock demand. This is especially true for cereals. The compliance with the European Renewable Energy Directive in 2020 leads to increasing prices of agricultural products. Thereby, the observed shifts are more significant for biodiesel feedstocks (vegetable oils) compared to ethanol feedstocks (cereals, sugar). ; Auswirkungen europäischer Biokraftstoffpolitiken auf globale Biokraftstoff- und Agrarmärkte Das starke Wachstum der globalen Biokraftstoffmärkte hat in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem kontinuierlichen Nachfrageanstieg nach Rohstoffen für die Biokraftstoffproduktion geführt. Aufgrund des aktuellen Entwicklungsstandes der Biokraftstoffproduktionstechnologien werden zu ihrer Herstellung zum überwiegenden Teil traditionelle Agrarprodukte, wie verschiedene Getreidesorten, Pflanzenöle oder Zuckerpflanzen, verwendet. Biokraftstoffmärkte sind daher eng mit landwirtschaftlichen Märkten verbunden. Zukünftige Politikziele signalisieren, dass die Nachfrage nach Biokraftstoffen und entsprechenden Rohstoffen weiter steigen wird. So formuliert die europäische Erneuerbare Energien Richtlinie von 2009 das Ziel, 10 Prozent des Gesamtenergieverbrauchs im europäischen Verkehrssektor bis 2020 durch erneuerbare Quellen zu decken. Die vorliegende Arbeit beabsichtigt Einflüsse europäischer Biokraftstoffpolitiken, welche in den europäischen Mitgliedsländern implementiert wurden um das Ziel der Erneuerbaren Energien Richtlinie bis 2020 zu erreichen, auf globale Biokraftstoff- und Agrarmärkte zu quantifizieren. Unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Annahmen für den Biokraftstoffhandel, die Verfügbarkeit von Biokraftstoffproduktionstechnologien der 2. Generation und Preisentwicklungen fossiler Kraftstoffe, wird dazu eine Szenarienanalyse durchgeführt. Für die quantitative Analyse wird ein globales Marktmodell für Biokraftstoffe und Biokraftstoffrohstoffe entwickelt und in das Agrarsektormodell CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact) integriert. Die erweiterte CAPRI Version beinhaltet Verhaltensfunktionen für Biokraftstoffangebot, -nachfrage, -handel und Rohstoffnachfrage. Zudem werden Funktionen implementiert, die das Gesamtnachfrageverhalten nach Kraftstoffen, differenziert für Benzin und Diesel, annähern. Das Modell ermöglicht es damit zukünftige Biokraftstoff- und Agrarpolitiken simultan zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, dass unter Einhaltung des Ziels der Erneuerbaren Energien Richtlinie in 2020 bis zu 20 Prozent der EU27 Biokraftstoffnachfrage auf Importen basiert. Für die europäische Biodieselproduktion kann gezeigt werden, dass in 2020 ein bedeutender Teil der verwendeten Rohstoffe (vorwiegend Rapsöls) ebenfalls importiert wird. Zudem wird beobachtet, dass Nebenprodukte der Biokraftstoffproduktion als Substitute für traditionelle Futterpflanzen im Tierhaltungssektor verwendet werden, was den Anstieg der Rohstoffnachfrage für die Biokraftstoffproduktion teilweise kompensiert. Dies trifft vor allem für Getreide zu. Die Erfüllung der europäischen Erneuerbaren Energien Richtlinie in 2020 führt zu steigenden Preisen von Agrarprodukten. Dabei sind die beobachteten Steigerungen deutlicher für Biodieselrohstoffe (Pflanzenöle) als für Ethanolrohstoffe (Getreide, Zucker).

The present paper uses a three-sector general equilibrium framework to examine the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on unemployment and welfare in laboursurplus economies in the post-globalisation era. We show that the expansion of landhungry export-oriented agricultural sector through FDI accentuates the problem of urban unemployment in the presence of sticky urban wage and agricultural dualism. We also note that multiple cross-effects and factor specificity play an important role in determining change in output composition and welfare in the wake of the inflow of foreign capital. JEL classification: F16, F21 Keywords: Agricultural Dualism, FDI, Unemployment, Welfare

Foreword Overview Part I: Natural Resource Management: Caring Foundation of Growth for Development 1. Economic Valuation of Plant Genetic Resources-Is It Necessary? 2. Use of Soils Information for Profitability and sustainability of Farmers Producers Organization- A Case Study in Karnataka 3. The Saga of Research in Water Resource Economics 4. Key Issues Facing the Irrigation Sector in Karnataka: Some Policy Interventions 5. Irrigation Development (1950-2019): New Policy Initiatives in Karnataka 6. Watershed Development Programme in Karnataka- An Overview Part II: Production Sectors: Enhancing Productivity Growth in Primary Agriculture 6. Trends And Prospects of Crop Production in Karnataka 7. Demand For Agricultural Commodities in Karnataka 8. Horticulture Driving High Value Agriculture of Karnataka 9. A Retrospection of The Livestock Sector in Karnataka 10. Sustainability Of Marine Fisheries in Karnataka PART III: Agricultural Policies: Setting New Directions and Determinants for Sustainable Agricultural Development 11. Review of Studies on Drivers of Economic Growth and Transformation: An Agriculture Policy Perspective 12. Is There Parity Between Consumption Expenditure and Farm Income of Farm Families in India and Karnataka?13. Dimension of Rural Poverty and Inequality in Karnataka: A Visual Presentation 14. Analysis of the Current Agricultural Policy Framework of Karnataka 15. Strategy Of Karnataka Towards Achieving Aspirant Sustainable Development Goals 2030 PART IV: Support and Services: Accelerating Profitable, Competitive and Sustainable Agricultural Development 16. Effective Teaching and Learning System in Economics: Design and Delivery 17. Agriculture Technologies -- Towards A Sustainable Future 18. Secondary Agriculture: Boosting the Rural Economy in India 19. Strengthening the Institutional Mechanism of Agricultural Credit: Policies and Practice -- 1960's to 2019 -- A Review 20. Domestic And International Silk Markets: Changing Markets from Traditional to Non-Traditional 21. Effective Supply Chain Management for the Agro Industry: Prospects 22. Data Analytics and Agricultural Transformation: A Potential Disrupter Part V: Karnataka Agricultural Development Model- 2030 23. Karnataka Agricultural Development Model (Strategy and Action Plan) For the Future 2030

This paper is aimed to analyze the need of investment in agricultural sector in increasing economic growth in Aceh Province. The priority in developing agricultural commodities increases economic growth in Aceh Province. This research used secondary data sources from Indonesian Statistic Board (BPS) and other related data sources. Meanwhile, the research method used is Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) Analysis. Based on the research results, it is found that the ICOR in crop plantation, livestock, forestry, and fisheries sub sectors are 2.926, 0.000, 0.108, and 0.298. This means that in achieving economic growth by 1 percent in all four commodities, its need the growth of investment in crop plantation, livestock, forestry, and fisheries sub sectors as much as 2.926, 0.000, 0.108, and 0.298 percent each. Furthermore, in achieving 4 percent economic growths, the developing of commodities that have the effect on economic welfare, it needs the investment for the five years period as much as 286 billion rupiah or equivalent with 58.1 percent of Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) of Aceh Province. Thus, based on the research results, it is recommended that the Aceh Government should promote investment in agricultural sector in promoting economic growth in Aceh Province.

The article analyzes the consequences of the sanctions introduced by the West as well as by Russia (counter-sanctions) for Russian agri-food complex. The aftereffects are analyzed in three dimensions - foreign trade, production and market-consuming. The author concludes that sanctions have a negative impact on the availability of food for low-income population groups and on the qualityof some products and yet have not had explicitly positive effect on national producers. To achieve a positive effect for agri-food complex and well-being of the bulk of the population, additional political steps to improve the state supporting and functioning of the institutes of agri-food complex are needed.

"December 2005." ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Executive summary. -- I. Introduction. -- II. Illinois farm characteristics. -- III. Agricultural production in Illinois. -- IV. Value of farm production. -- V. The cost of agricultural inputs. -- VI. Government transactions. -- VII. Net value added. -- VIII. Payments to stakeholders and farm income. -- IX. Real valuations. -- X. Government payments.-- XI. Agricultural exports. -- XII. Employment in the Ag Sector. -- XIII. Property taxes in agriculture. -- X. Conclusion. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This study focusses on the effect of agricultural infrastructure and agricultural labor on agricultural economic growth rate in Aceh Province. The method used in this study is panel data regression based on districts/cities panel data period 2015-2019. Results of estimation shows that both factors which are agricultural infrastructure and agricultural labor have significant effect toward agricultural economic growth. Agricultural infrastructure found to have a negative effect while agricultural labor has a positive effect on agricultural economic growth. Furthermore, the panel data regression model that has been formed is found to be fit which means that agricultural infrastructure and agricultural labor are considered capable of representing the factors that influence the economic growth rate of agricultural sector in Aceh Province. Based on these findings it is hoped the government will able to formulate a strategic policy that can accelerate the rate of economic growth rate of the agricultural sector in Aceh Province.