Suchergebnisse

Vulnerable social groups can be recognized in everyday life, and local legal
regulations identify them as well. Strategies and laws clearly identify the
increased needs of vulnerable groups. Local legislation, for example,
observes comparative law trends and attempts to prevent discrimination of
persons with disabilities, emphasizes their human rights and creates the
legal framework for taking these persons out of the institutional form of
protection and including them into the community. In Serbia however,
strategies and laws, as well as by-laws, are written in sectors, and not in
cross-sectors manner. Proper caring for persons with disabilities, including
persons with mental disabilities, requires an integral approach, namely a
mutual approach of the social, health, educational and other sectors. True
enough, local regulations stress the need for an intersectional approach, but
such an approach is scantily applied in practice, so the comprehensive care
that would satisfy the multiple needs of persons with mental disabilities
often turns out to be less than expected in the community. Pursuant to
national laws and basic ethic principals, all citizens of the Republic of
Serbia have the right to health protection without discrimination. Therefore,
methods for using health protection, easier than the existing ones, should be
found for certain vulnerable groups, depending on their characteristics, and
so for the Roma as well, and bearing in mind that systemic health regulations
in Serbia open the door to special treatment of these groups. The
inaccessible approach to health care of the Roma population persists
primarily due to insufficient basic health documentation and basic personal
documentation. Personal documents are linked with the registered place of
residence, which the Roma, largely do not have. The problem is thus on a
wider scale and is not only focused on the health sector. As such, it
requires a wider, intersectional approach and a coordinated solution to the
problem. In the field of palliative care of terminally ill persons, a
solution is on the way to be reached through the Strategy for Palliative
Care, by reorganizing the health system. The health system as it is cannot
fulfill the needs of persons requiring palliative care. Coextensive systems
enable establishing hospices as charity organizations in the non-governmental
sector, mainly financed from donations. They represent a support to the
health system in taking care of terminally ill patients. For now, our legal
system does now allow non-governmental organizations to engage in health
activities, although there were initiatives in that direction. To some
extent, national regulations offer a basis for treatment of patients with
rare illnesses, but without specifying their rights to a diagnosis or
treatment and without more detailed regulations on the allocation of funds
directed towards diagnosing rare illnesses and treatment of the ill. A lack
of legal and financial prerequisites makes them subject to discrimination.
The very fact that a large number of these patients are children makes them
twice as endangered category of population. The legal system has recently
started dealing with a regulation that would support persons suffering from
rare illnesses, but the implementation of these provisions has still not
completely become a reality. The Law on Health Care and Insurance defines
children and women in their reproductive period as an especially vulnerable
group. The Law on Rights to Healthcare for Children, Pregnant Women and Women
on Maternity Leave, has recently been brought. The Law has been brought with
an aim of ensuring rights to health care and transportation costs benefits
for children, pregnant women and mothers during maternity leave, regardless
of the basis on which they have health insurance. The reason for bringing
such a law is noble, but the form of the legal act, which was supposed to
realize the set goal, was overemphasized and contributed to the already
existing over-norming of Serbian legislature. The legal basis for regulating
this issue already existed in the umbrella health laws and should have been
realized through by-law regulations.

En línea con la literatura que concibe a la juventud como un proceso de transición que se desarrolla en un contexto económico, social y político particular que configura trayectorias diferenciadas, este estudio analiza las principales barreras y oportunidades con que se encuentran los jóvenes peruanos de contextos urbanos vulnerables en su paso a la adultez. A través de un trabajo participativo con jóvenes de los distritos de San Juan de Lurigancho y Ventanilla, de entrevistas a representantes de institucionales locales y de la revisión de bases de datos, se encuentra que si bien existen factores comunes que repercuten en la transición a la vida adulta de esta población - como la falta de recursos económicos que influye en su posibilidad de acceder a credenciales educativas y, con ello, a empleos de calidad - este proceso se ve también influenciado por otros elementos - como las particularidades y el grado de precariedad del contexto local, el capital social y las características familiares - que llevan a experimentar trayectorias diferentes, algunas más favorables que otras. Asimismo, se halla una serie de factores diferenciados por género - como la carga doméstica y de cuidado en el caso de las mujeres y la carga económica en el de los hombres - con un peso importante en la configuración de las trayectorias de vida de estos jóvenes. Sobre la base de estos hallazgos, el estudio reflexiona sobre las políticas públicas como determinantes para facilitar la transición a la adultez en contextos de precariedad. Si bien existen actualmente políticas relevantes par la juventud peruana, se halla también una marcada ausencia del Estado en los espacios urbanos marginales.

Introduction : vulnerable minds in Charlottesville -- A battle over reality : pitching the social contract anew -- Unlocking the black box : social neuroscience's political power -- Shared vulnerabilities : we all have dehumanizing brains -- Humanization duties at Home : neuropolitical strategies for liberal democracies -- Humanization duties abroad : the other in a Postcolonial world -- Conclusion : toward a neuromaterialist idea of our political selves.

Ireland's approach to after-care for 'aged-out' separated children is problematic. Currently, upon reaching the age of 18, most separated young people are moved to 'direct provision', despite the fact that the state can use discretionary powers to allow them to remain in foster care. Direct provision is the system Ireland adopts providing bed and board to asylum seekers, along with a weekly monetary payment. Separated young people in Ireland are in a vulnerable position after ageing out. Entry into the direct provision system, from a legal and social work perspective, is concerning. Utilising direct provision as a 'form of aftercare' emphasises governmental policy preferences that privilege the migrant status of aged-out separated children, as opposed to viewing this group as young people leaving care. In this article, utilising a cross-disciplinary approach, we provide the first systematic exploration of the system of aftercare for aged-out separated children in Ireland. In doing so, we posit two core reasons for why the aftercare system for aged-out separated children has developed as it has. First, doing so ensures that the state is consistent with its approach to asylum seekers more generally, in that it seeks to deter persons from claiming asylum in Ireland through utilisation of the direct provision system. Second, while the vulnerability of aged-out separated children is well-documented, the state (and others) ignore this vulnerability and are reluctant to offer additional aftercare supports beyond direct provision. This is due, we argue, to viewing aged-out separated children as having a lesser entitlement to rights than other care leavers, solely based on their migrant status.

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the psychological effects of chronic illness and its treatment. Group treatment of girls with renal failure proved to be of therapeutic value in improving self-image and reducing emotional stress.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of abbreviations and acronyms -- Introduction -- 1 The scope of existing protections -- 2 Categorical enlargement -- 3 Conceptual expansion -- 4 Group-conscious universal application -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

Este ensayo detalla las transiciones hacia la adultez que experimentan los jóvenes urbanos vulnerables. Esta es la transición más importante hacia las mejoras en productividad, ya que los jóvenes deberían empezar a aplicar en el mercado laboral los aprendizajes obtenidos en sus inversiones de capital humano. Sin embargo, un fenómeno que limita esta realización es la alta proporción de jóvenes ninis: ni estudian ni trabajan. Las autoras ofrecen una valiosa discusión sobre las limitaciones y barreras que enfrentan estos jóvenes, y las políticas que se pueden implementar para revertirlas.

The main problem of Ukrainian social support system for many years was insufficient targeting of social programs at the most vulnerable sections of the population. Significant impoverishment of the country's population and expansion of the range of vulnerable contingents as a result of the war exacerbates the problem of allocating limited resources to the most needy. Delaying the solution of this problem during the period of hostilities and post-war reconstruction will have a negative, and in some cases, a destructive impact on society, both in the context of observing the principles of social justice and effective support of people in difficult times, and in the context of the risks of slowdown in economic growth. The purpose of the article is to assess the pre-war system of social support in the context of its targeting at vulnerable sections of the population in order to find better ways and opportunities for post-war reform. The novelty of the work consists in the combination of assessments of the scale of diverse vulnerability with assessments of the targeting of active social programs at groups with higher vulnerability and/or larger numbers. Such an assessment will make it possible to determine not only to what extent this or that program reaches the target contingents or the poor, but also to what extent it reaches each vulnerable group. Such a tool would be more effective in determining the shortcomings of existing programs, developing ways to reform them, or making a decision to replace them with new ones. In addition, forecast estimates for 2023 regarding the introduction of the new universal social assistance planned by government officials were made in the work for the first time. Research methods. Along with the generally accepted methods of statistical analysis, the research used the micromodeling method to work with the micro-data of the survey of the living conditions of households in Ukraine and to forecast the parameters of social programs for 2023. To evaluate the indicators of the impact of social programs, a special program module ADePT, developed by the World Bank for unified methodical support of the analysis of the social support system, was used.

The rates of young people Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) in the Mediterranean European Economic Area (MED EEA) are high. Hence, the European Union and national governments have developed and implemented different policies aimed to tackle the NEET situation. In this article, we try to identify and understand the most relevant barriers that keep vulnerable people as NEETs. We focused on youth as being at the highest risk of becoming NEETs: migrant women aged 25–29. By using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders and NEETs in the Spanish region of Murcia, we collected their views on and experiences with different programs and strategies. We conclude that this group is exposed to additional barriers due to the intersectionality of their characteristics. There are structural and contextual aspects, such as motherhood, a lack of social networks, or not knowing the language, which NEET policies do not address. We highlight the need of (i) improving the adaptiveness of relevant policies by being tailored to specific problems NEETs face, (ii) expanding the focus of NEET policies, and (iii) including the regional perspective in NEET policy design. In our comprehensive approach, we stress that the NEET policy alone cannot solve the NEET problem.

The rates of young people Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) in the Mediterranean European Economic Area (MED EEA) are high. Hence, the European Union and national governments have developed and implemented different policies aimed to tackle the NEET situation. In this article, we try to identify and understand the most relevant barriers that keep vulnerable people as NEETs. We focused on youth as being at the highest risk of becoming NEETs: migrant women aged 25–29. By using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders and NEETs in the Spanish region of Murcia, we collected their views on and experiences with different programs and strategies. We conclude that this group is exposed to additional barriers due to the intersectionality of their characteristics. There are structural and contextual aspects, such as motherhood, a lack of social networks, or not knowing the language, which NEET policies do not address. We highlight the need of (i) improving the adaptiveness of relevant policies by being tailored to specific problems NEETs face, (ii) expanding the focus of NEET policies, and (iii) including the regional perspective in NEET policy design. In our comprehensive approach, we stress that the NEET policy alone cannot solve the NEET problem.

We analyse the educational performance of a group of schools that serve socially vulnerable children and that have implemented distinguishable teaching and management methods. Conditioned to students, school characteristics, selection criteria and resources, robust performance measures show statistically significant economically relevant differences in favour of these schools. Whilst only a small part of this difference can be explained with simple management practices that we isolate statistically, there remain an important residual we can associate with distinctive practices identified in the qualitative literature as present in successful schools. Adapted from the source document.