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Scholarship on prison masculinities to date has primarily centered on the most revered, dominant, or hegemonic forms, with little attention to how subordinated prisoners negotiate masculinities at the bottom of prisoner hierarchies. This article, drawing from a wider qualitative study on "revolving door" imprisonment, charts the shift from normative to subordinate masculinity for a group of men housed in a segregated Vulnerable Prisoner Unit (VPU) in an English prison. I show how these men, influenced by their previous prison status and criminal history, adopted different—more costly and high-risk—situationally adaptive strategies in negotiating their masculinities at the bottom of prison hierarchies. Exploring their subordinated prison identities reveals the dynamic, relational, fragile, and spatial elements of their masculinities. I conclude by suggesting that a greater focus on subordinated carceral masculinities adds a much-needed divergence from the preoccupation with hegemonic or dominant prison masculinities. This divergence offers researchers a new opportunity to shape and to inform policy debates on how, in extreme environments like the prison, alternative ways of "being a man" might be opened up to those who have suffered at the most brutal end of prison hierarchies.

The book makes it easy to dip into a topic and also gives good overviews of theories and applications. This will definitely help students'. Lesley Groom, University of Bolton. Carefully-researched and highly readable this textbook looks at the experiences and health and social needs of key 'vulnerable groups'. It presents an engaging social science perspective relevant to everyone exploring how we, and society, care for the vulnerable. Each chapter defines and explores a vulnerable social group, bringing together theoretical, policy and practice perspectives. The chapters explore contemporary

El documento aborda lo que enfrentan las familias en situaciones de cambios que impactan y debilitan su economía, el cuidado de los menores queda en segundo lugar, lo cual afecta su bienestar. A partir de las voces de los propios niños y niñas se identifica la necesidad de contar con redes de cuidado más allá del entorno familiar; la urgencia de impulsar políticas públicas respecto a la conciliación entre la vida laboral y familiar, en un contexto marcado por la informalidad laboral; y la pertinencia de seguir abordando las normas sociales de género en relación con el cuidado, pues es sobre la base de estas que se reproducen y arraigan las inequidades en el fuero doméstico.

Despite the small size of the sub program, Social Worker Assessed Vulnerable Welfare Payment Recipients Income Management is often cited as a preferred approach to this type of initiative, being tightly targeted at a group of people with identified high needs, and demonstrated poor outcomes. Although the program was considered in the two recent major evaluations of income management, specific findings relating to it have tended to be overshadowed by the more general finding of an absence of positive outcomes, and indeed potentially negative effects, from compulsory income management. While the size of the sub program has made evaluation difficult, the two major evaluations of income management have nevertheless made specific findings which suggest that the program has had some positive outcomes for a highly marginal participant group. These findings, along with aspects of the operation of the program, including the role played by social workers, and a proposal to abolish the program, are discussed.

The authors note that a major challenge facing Bangladesh researchers and policy makers in Bangladesh is to improve the livelihoods of small farmers. According to the authors, there is no clear definition of small farmer vulnerability on which policymakers and researchers can base programmes or design appropriate ways to raise farm productivity. They attempt to define and discuss the target group of small farm households which are vulnerable to impoverishment through distress sale of land. They show vulnerable households are concentrated in the deepwater and coastal saline rice environments. (DÜI-Sen)

La mitad de la población urbana del Perú vive en barrios urbanos vulnerables (BUV) ocupados informalmente, expuestos a múltiples riesgos, y deficitarios en servicios básicos e infraestructura.

Este libro busca medir la calidad de la inversión pública en BUV mediante tres ejercicios analíticos. En primer lugar, caracteriza los tipos de espacios urbanos en el país y analiza la inversión pública ejecutada en ellos. Luego, propone y aplica una metodología para medir la calidad de dicha inversión sobre la base de estudios de caso en tres grandes BUV de la capital. Finalmente, explora los determinantes de dicha calidad.

Los resultados muestran que la mitad de la inversión pública en estos barrios se destina a obras pequeñas, inconexas y de bajo impacto. Esta mala calidad de la inversión es producto de dos factores: por una parte, del sistema que actualmente se aplica para formular y priorizar proyectos, condicionado por un Estado desarticulado y sin iniciativa, dependiente de demandas locales atomizadas. Y por la otra, por la inexistencia de herramientas de planificación vinculantes que le den coherencia territorial a la inversión pública.

This paper summarises the roundtable discussions convened by the charity Carr‐Gomm in October 2007. Participants included providers of services to vulnerable people, policy makers and academics, creating a useful mixture of theoretical and practical knowledge. The Social Exclusion Task Force report in 2006 gives a clear indication of the picture of unemployment for vulnerable people. In addition, developments in funding for key government departments, coupled with population projections, suggests that there is a strong external impetus for vulnerable people to be employed. Discussions covered a range of topics including Who benefits when vulnerable people work?, What constitutes good work? and Barriers to supporting vulnerable people into work.Overall, the group concluded that the most urgent priority is for third sector employers themselves to create flexible work opportunities which can be taken up by vulnerable people. This experience should then be used to disseminate learning and to make the case for change with other employers.

Durante las últimas décadas, el término nini - referido a los jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan - se ha instalado en las discusiones académicas y en los debates acerca de qué políticas conviene aplicar con el fin de atender las necesidades de los jóvenes vulnerables ante la exclusión social. Sin embargo, en un contexto como el peruano, en el cual la informalidad alcanza al 70% de la PEA y la precariedad laboral resulta tan importante como la inactividad, el énfasis en los jóvenes nini resulta limitado. Sobre la base de un diseño de métodos mixtos, este estudio analiza, por un lado, la pertinencia de la definición predominante de nini para comprender a los jóvenes urbanos en situación de vulnerabilidad en el Perú. Por otro lado, plantea una definición alternativa, que incluye a los jóvenes involucrados en trabajos informales, inestables y precarios - quienes corren un alto riesgo de caer en la exclusión social -; asimismo, analiza los factores asociados a su situación. La conclusión principal es que el concepto tradicional de nini no es adecuado para analizar la vulnerabilidad juvenil en contextos como el peruano. Así, es necesario ir más allá de los nini e incluir en el análisis a los jóvenes que se encuentran insertos en empleos altamente precarios e inestables del sector informal.

The paper highlights the role played by structural economic features and by industrial competitive strategies in the performance of a group of European regions, defined as 'vulnerable' because of their specialisation in industries particularly exposed to international trade. Different growth patterns emerge among them. The most successful regions are those with a strong presence of high value added functions, of best-performing vulnerable sectors, but also with high structural funds expenditure on human resources. Moreover, among the industrial strategies analysed, it is found that the only winning strategy explaining higher productivity gains is industrial reconversion at the expense of employment growth.

It is now generally accepted by researchers (although not by governments) that famines are caused as much by act of man as by act of god. But our understanding of famine is still quite rudimentary, and what little we know is rarely translated into policies to prevent or control famine. Few people would argue that we clearly understand what makes people vulnerable to famine, or that we can predict that one group will be vulnerable while another will not. ; European Research Council (ERC)

Women and various groups of vulnerable minorities (i.e. indigenous peoples) are major stakeholders in food systems. They are under-represented in decision-making bodies and are not properly considered in various policies and interventions. Exclusion of these people in the design and implementation of public/private policies, development and economic programmes is a source of under-performance and conflicts in food systems and societies.

"Addresses an all-important contemporary issue: whether a tolerant liberal politics is possible given basic facts about how the human brain works-in particular, its in-group and out-group classifications and the resultant dehumanization of others in extreme cases. The book argues that if we take seriously the challenges posed by these findings rather than dismissing or ignoring them, relying instead on goodwill, we will have a better chance of achieving this goal. It is both an individual and a collective ethical duty to hold ourselves accountable to liberal social and political values in the face of our own tendencies to undermine them. Liya Yu makes the case that research demonstrates that the tendencies to stigmatize others are innate, and yet we must find ways to temper them in order to protect political virtues such as tolerance, human rights, and antiracism. In advancing suggestions for "cognitive humanization," she contributes to a long-standing effort to advance social neuroscience in an ethically and historically responsible way"--