Suchergebnisse

The central focus of the debate over incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) has shifted from its apparent management advantages to unresolved risk issues. This shift is a result of the lack of comprehensive consideration of risks associated with incineration. We discuss the need to expand incinerator risk assessment beyond the limited view of incinerators as stationary air pollution sources to encompass the following: other products of incineration, ash in particular, and pollutants other than dioxins, metals in particular; routes of exposure in addition to direct inhalation; health effects in addition to cancer; and the cumulative nature of exposure and health effects induced by many incinerator‐associated pollutants. Rational MSW management planning requires that the limitations as well as advantages of incineration be recognized. Incineration is a waste‐processing—not a waste disposal—technology, and its products pose substantial management and disposal problems of their own. Consideration of the nature of these products suggests that incineration is ill‐suited to manage the municipal wastestream in its entirety. In particular, incineration greatly enhances the mobility and bioavailability of toxic metals present in MSW. These factors suggest that incineration must be viewed as only one component in an integrated MSW management system. The potential for source reduction, separation, and recycling to increase the safety and efficiency of incineration should be counted among their many benefits. Risk considerations dictate that alternatives to the use of toxic metals at the production stage also be examined in designing an effective, long‐term MSW management strategy.

1. Solid waste management and landfill in high-income countries -- 2. Landfill mining: significance, operation and global perspectives -- 3. Open dumps and circular economy: Assessing landfill mining potential, benefits and challenges for Indian dumpsites -- 4. Environmental issues due to open dumping and landfilling -- 5. Molecular tools- A future perspective approach for monitoring landfill leachates and validating bioremediation process -- 6. An Overview of Physicochemical and Biological Treatment of Landfill Leachate -- 7. Advancements in operation of bioreactor landfills for enhanced biodegradation of municipal solid waste -- 8. Anaerobic co-digestion of landfill leachate with other feedstocks -- 9. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation enrichment to enhance landfill leachate treatment -- 10. Valorization of inert solid waste from landfill activities -- 11. Biomined and Fresh Municipal Solid Waste as Sources of Refuse Derived Fuel -- 12. Recovery of Metal Values by Treating the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ashes.

During the last two decades, EU legislation has put increasing pressure on member countries to achieve specified recycling targets for municipal household waste. These targets can be obtained in various ways choosing collection methods, separation methods, decentral or central logistic systems, etc. This paper compares municipal solid waste (MSW) management practices in various EU countries to identify the characteristics and key issues from a waste management and reverse logistics point of view. Further, we investigate literature on modelling municipal solid waste logistics in general. Comparing issues addressed in literature with the identified issues in practice result in a research agenda for modelling municipal solid waste logistics in Europe. We conclude that waste recycling is a multi-disciplinary problem that needs to be considered at different decision levels simultaneously. A holistic view and taking into account the characteristics of different waste types are necessary when modelling a reverse supply chain for MSW recycling. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Extraordinary emerging consumption statistics from the developing Asian countries hasclearly indicated the increase waste generation over the past decades. Most of the developingAsian countries are experiencing solid waste management problem in terms of collectionefficiency, disposal facilities, limited financial resources and weak policy interventions.Unlike developed nations, final disposal of solid waste in developing Asian countries isusually a matter of transporting the collected waste to the nearest available space for disposal.Moreover, sustainability of landfills has become a challenge in Asia due to variousconsiderations such as availability of space, technologies for gas capture and leachatetreatment, tropaical climatic condition and waste characteristics. Plastic and paper wastes aredominating due to rapid economic development. Treating waste as a resource is the first steptowards sustainable waste management and conserving resources. As for the biodegradablewaste, feasible treatment technologies such as composting and anaerobic digestion withattractive results have been established. The non-biodegradable waste fractions are to bemanaged by implementing the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. This article attempts to givea picture of the ongoing 3R implementation in urban municipal solid waste management inAsian countries. It was observed that in most of Asian countries, informal activities highlydominate due to lack of funding, government initiation, lapse in policy and public ignoranceon waste management issues. ; Extraordinary emerging consumption statistics from the developing Asian countries hasclearly indicated the increase waste generation over the past decades. Most of the developingAsian countries are experiencing solid waste management problem in terms of collectionefficiency, disposal facilities, limited financial resources and weak policy interventions.Unlike developed nations, final disposal of solid waste in developing Asian countries isusually a matter of transporting the collected waste to the nearest available space for disposal.Moreover, sustainability of landfills has become a challenge in Asia due to variousconsiderations such as availability of space, technologies for gas capture and leachatetreatment, tropaical climatic condition and waste characteristics. Plastic and paper wastes aredominating due to rapid economic development. Treating waste as a resource is the first steptowards sustainable waste management and conserving resources. As for the biodegradablewaste, feasible treatment technologies such as composting and anaerobic digestion withattractive results have been established. The non-biodegradable waste fractions are to bemanaged by implementing the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. This article attempts to givea picture of the ongoing 3R implementation in urban municipal solid waste management inAsian countries. It was observed that in most of Asian countries, informal activities highlydominate due to lack of funding, government initiation, lapse in policy and public ignoranceon waste management issues.