Suchergebnisse

Considerable fishing operations occur in the European part of the Arctic Ocean, especially in waters under Norwegian and Russian jurisdiction, and regional states have recently made important advances in combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing.1 During the 2000s, illegal harvesting of Northeast Arctic cod reached levels that jeopardized stock sustainability and coastal-state quota restraint, shifted wealth from legal fishers to cheaters, and promoted corrupt practices in production and distribution chains. A strengthening of various port-state measures appears promising for combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the region. Such measures have evolved from unilateral refusal to allow landing of fish taken outside international quota arrangements to a multilateral Scheme of Control and Enforcement under the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC).Keywords: Barents Sea, IUU fishing, fisheries management, codCitation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 1, 2/2010 p. 207-224. ISSN 1891-6252

From May 2012 on, two North Sea trawlers, NC302 Helgoland (in the later stage NC322 Helgoland) and NC315 Victoria, were equipped with a Remote Electronic Monitoring-System (REM-system) installed under supervision of the German Federal Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries. In accordance with the European legislation for catch quota management trials for North Sea fisheries targeting cod, an additional cod quota was granted to the participating vessels. Even with some technical and software issues, the utilized system was able to record fishing activities during the whole period. The linkage between sensor data and video footage provided substantially more accurate data about the fishing behavior than the electronic logbook (Elog). However, the logistic effort to receive the data from the vessels was high and the analysis of the REM data was very time consuming. During the three years trial, the rate of unwanted cod bycatch ranged between 0.0 and 9.43 % of the cod catches of these vessels depending on the fishing ground and gear.

Considerable fishing operations occur in the European part of the Arctic Ocean, especially in waters under Norwegian and Russian jurisdiction, and regional states have recently made important advances in combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing.1 During the 2000s, illegal harvesting of Northeast Arctic cod reached levels that jeopardized stock sustainability and coastal-state quota restraint, shifted wealth from legal fishers to cheaters, and promoted corrupt practices in production and distribution chains. A strengthening of various port-state measures appears promising for combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the region. Such measures have evolved from unilateral refusal to allow landing of fish taken outside international quota arrangements to a multilateral Scheme of Control and Enforcement under the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC).Keywords: Barents Sea, IUU fishing, fisheries management, codCitation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 1, 2/2010 p. 207-224. ISSN 1891-6252

The purpose of this report is to provide an investigation on the condition or circumstance that cooperation can be facilitated through an interdisciplinary approach. As the result, sustainability objectives in the fishery management context can be achieved. In order to achieve this purpose, game theory and sustainability principles are extensive used as the foundation for analysing the "Mackerel war" case study. The case demonstrates the break-up of negotiating in allocated quota amongst Iceland, Faroe Island, Norway and the European Union (EU), followed by the unilateral quota set by Iceland. Main findings from the case study: - Climate change presents many challenges for managing marine environment sustainably and international cooperation is needed; - Scientific advice influences the development of fishery management plan and decision; however, it is still limited in an advisory role; - Trade sanction would not enforce good behavior unless it is perceived as a significant threat; - Credibility of the country and the fishery management regime contributes greatly to the success of the cooperation. It signals the level of commitment toward the agreement and maintaining that credibility is important; Likewise, credibility position can also be enhanced by effective communicate with the stakeholders about the fishery management's effort and achievement. In reviewing the operation of AFMA, the paper further recognize: - AFMA is following "Open Government" initiative; however, it is still at the early stage of implementation of the strategy; - The level of disclosed information to the public is limited; The paper recommends: - Create a vision for AFMA's disclosing information with clear strategy and policy to support it; - Place the citizen at the heart of the communication strategy rather than an organization when communicate; - Aim to deliver the disclosed information as a package of exceptional service rather than a request-response transaction; - Communicate the disclosed information with a purpose; - Enhance the participation of diverse set of stakeholders; - Encourage innovation and new approach to use the available information; - Capture the benefit of crowdsourcing from the disclosed information;

The article discusses the impact of competition in the market of aquatic biological resources on the end-user price of fish products and the introduction of an auction quota mechanism for the catch of aquatic biological resources proposed by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia to increase competition in the industry and cut prices in retail fish markets. The study aims to test the hypothesis that the fishing industry has a high level of monopolisation and low competition based on the data on the allocation of quotas for the aquatic biological resources of the largest fishery region—the Far East fishery basin. Technical issues of conducting research in the Far East fish products market are considered using concentration coefficients and taking into account its specificity, geographical location, and trade flows of fish products. Based on the distribution of quotas for the total allowable catch of the magister armhook squid (Berryteuthis magister), walleye pollock, Pacific herring, cod, Kamchatka crab, and smear dab in the subzones of the Far East fishing area, (1) market shares of fishing enterprises are analysed, leading producers are identified in each of the analysed segments with an estimate of their specific share in the total volume of quotas for aquatic biological resources, (2) the CR3 concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index are calculated, with the variance of the quotas, the mode and the median of the distribution of the quotas additionally calculated. Assessment of the CR3 concentration index and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index for the producers of Pacific herring, walleye pollock, cod, Kamchatka crab,and smear dab allowed classifying these markets as non-concentrated, while a significantly higher concentration was found for the magister armhook squid producers. The study did not confirm the assumption of monopolisation and high concentration of the fishing industry. The formation of the retail market price of fish products is influenced by various factors, including logistics, the number of resellers, and some others. Alternative distribution channels for fishing companies, reduction of the number of intermediaries between producers and retail consumers, and the creation of fish markets may prove an effective way to develop the industry.

Marine fish discarding has become a contentious environmental issue, but little attention has been paid to the moral grievances that sometimes underlie discarding practices. This article explores such a moral grievance through a case study of the under-10. m fishery in Sussex, England, where discarding of cod (Gadus morhua) has become a highly charged issue, skippers blaming it on unjust quota allocations. The moral claim to a greater quota allocation is analysed using two conceptions of distributive justice, entitlement and desert. The conclusion reached is that the under-10. m fleet's entitlement arguments for a higher quota are weaker than their desert arguments, but that entitlement arguments weigh more heavily than desert arguments with government when it allocates quota.

"Serial no. 107-50." ; Shipping list no.: 2002-0244-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.