Suchergebnisse

Research Framework : The article highlights the influence of technology and medicalization from the beginning of uterine life on women with "normal" pregnancies. Objectives : The objective is to show how policies, institutions and society implement devices that ensure control of the fetus within mother's body and how they modify the perception of pregnancy and the development of antenatal relationship. Methodology : Qualitative research with a contextualized phenomenological approach was conducted using interviews with twenty-five first-time mothers from Quebec on their experiences both during pregnancy and after the birth of their child. The analysis was based on a socio-anthropological viewpoint. Results : Inevitably, the testimonies gathered converged on the control devices surrounding reproduction and the unborn child. Pregnant women are thus invited to comply with new social and medical standards through government programs and standardized pregnancy care. Power is exercised in a diffuse way by calling on the woman's sense of responsibility in making the right decisions in order to produce a healthy child. The anticipation of risk and technology occupy a significant place in the parents' experience and it is difficult to ignore. Conclusions : Antenatal life supervision and control devices are continually increasing and development of technology with the range of new genetic screening tool points to significant future consequences on the meaning of "normalcy" and the acceptability of non-standard births. Contribution : This article contributes to showing the effects of new technology on the anticipation of the child and the beginning of pregnancy and understanding the progression of antenatal temporality incited by the precociousness of pregnancy tests. ; Cadre de la recherche : L'article met en lumière l'influence des technologies et de la médicalisation, dès la vie utérine, sur les femmes ayant une grossesse dite normale.Objectifs : L'objectif est de démontrer comment le politique, les institutions et la ...

International audience ; The Arctic is pictured in the collective mind as a white and frozen desert, with only a few polar bears, explorers and Eskimos sprinkled around. It is, however, inhabited by very diverse people, and several industries are well established in the Arctic, through the Arctic, or at the periphery of the Arctic Circle. Receding and thinning sea ice because of climate change opens up access to natural resources, shipping routes and touristic areas, thereby providing new opportunities for economic development in the Arctic. The potentially high rewards are extremely attractive, but at high financial, environmental and social costs in a high-risk environment. Some stakeholders have started securing access to Arctic resources, sowing the seeds for a 'cold rush'. Despite increased prominence in the media of Arctic bonanza, sometimes closer to myth than reality, such 'cold rush' does not seem to have fully materialised yet, slowed down by high investment costs and legal considerations, as well as high diplomatic, political and social sensitivity. The main political challenge ahead is for decision-makers to successfully reconcile highly contrasted perspectives and interests in the Arctic, from the local to the international levels, by building up existing institutional capacity at the pace of economic development. There is certainly strong potential for creating shared economic wealth and well-being, with a fair distribution of Arctic benefits. Choices for economic development, coordination and cooperation by Arctic countries and private actors in the next few years will shape the Arctic of tomorrow. ; L'Arctique est, dans l'esprit collectif, un désert blanc et glacé, associé aux ours polaires et aux explorateurs. On trouve pourtant des populations et plusieurs activités économiques établies en Arctique, à travers l'Arctique, ou à la périphérie du cercle polaire arctique, lui conférant de multiples visages. La fonte de la banquise induite par le changement climatique a rouvert la question de l'accès ...

ResumeThis article provides reflexions on the prospects of feminism in the context of the current neoliberal capitalism crisis. It is based on the theories of Karl Polanyi, which explained the historical process of the crisis by the central conflict between the two strands of merchandisation and social protection. However, it concealed forms of injustice that are not based on walking and tended to dissolve forms of social protection that are vectors of domination. This article elarges the analysis of the conflict between merchandisation and social protection by integrating a third strand, the empowerment, through which all conflicts pass. The introduction of this missing third party has the effect of transforming the dual movement into a threefold movement, which forms the heart of a quasi-polanian perspective that could explain the crisis in the 21st side.In the first instance, I am working to build this new perspective and, in a second stage, I look at the issues at stake in the empowerment of gender diversity. The triple movement thus makes it possible to overcome the ambivalences of feminism, whose reflections have often been instrumentalised by triomphant neoliberalism. The reownership of social protection defined by democratic objectives, which are therefore participatory and therefore non-optional, thus paves the way for the definition of a new female policy. ; ResumeCet article presente des reflexions sur les perspectives du feminisme dans le cadre de la crise actuelle du capitalisme neoliberal. Il se fonde sur les theories de Karl Polanyi, qui expliquait le processus historique de la crise par le conflit central entre deux axes, celui de la marchandisation et celui de la protection sociale. Mais il occultait les formes d'injustice qui ne reposent pas sur le marche et avait tendance a absoudre les formes de protection sociale qui sont des vecteurs de domination. Cet article elargit les analyses du conflit entre marchandisation et protection sociale en integrant un troisieme axe, l'emancipation, par ...

Herein, we present, for the first time, a 2D-MOF based on copper and 4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as the linker. Each MOF layer is perfectly flat and neutral, as is the case for graphene. High pressure X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that this layered structure can be modulated between 3.01 to 2.78 Å interlayer separation, with an evident piezochromism and varying conductive properties. An analysis of the band structure indicates that this material is conductive along different directions depending on the application of pressure or H doping. These results pave the way for the development of novel layered materials with tunable and efficient properties for pressure-based sensors. This journal is ; This work has been supported by the European Union (Grant Agreement No. 604391 Graphene Flagship), the Swiss National Science Foundation (200020_162861), the Spanish MICINN (CEX2018-000805-M and projects CTQ2015-69163-CO2-R1, PGC2018-102052-B-C21, PGC2018-102052-A-C22, PGC2018-102047-B-I00, FIS2016-80434-P and PID2019-109539GB-C43), Junta de Andalućıa (FQM-394), and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid through the Nanomag COST-CM Program (No. S2018/NMT-4321). J. J. P. thanks the Fundación Ramón Areces (XVIII Concurso Nacional para la Adjudicación de Ayudas a la Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia, 2016). LAZ acknowledges financial support from University of Seville through the VI PPIT-US program. W. P. was funded by the CNPq Fellowship Programme (Pós-doutorado júnior) under Grant No. 405107/2017-0. J. J. P. acknowledges the computer resources and assistance provided by the Centro de Computación Científica of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center (FI-2019-2-0007). Finally, we also thank the CSIRC-ALHAMBRA computing centre.

This thesis aims to study macroeconomic issues related to the dynamics, distribution and price of macroeconomic risks.The first chapter examines the effectiveness of different monetary policies in stabilizing asset prices in times of liquidity crisis. We propose a macro-finance model with heterogeneous banks subject to funding liquidity risk. When banks' equity capital is low, an endogenous haircut spiral emerges between the decline in asset prices and financing risks. The central bank can partially counter this dynamic with monetary policies. If the shadow banking sector is important, a large-scale asset purchase policy may be necessary to stabilize asset prices.The second chapter asks the question: how does productivity growth interact with financial cycles? In the years following the Great Recession, the diffusion of new innovations was particularly low, leading to low productivity growth. This work shows that this pattern can be rationalized in a standard macro-financial model with heterogeneous risk aversion when it is assumed that the implementation of new innovations is risky.In the third chapter, we propose a robust method for solving a large class of continuous-time dynamic general equilibrium models. We use a finite difference scheme to solve partial differential equation systems with multiple endogenous state variables in a short computation time. ; Cette thèse se propose d'étudier des questions macroéconomiques liées à la dynamique, à la distribution et au prix des risques macroéconomiques.Le premier chapitre examine l'efficacité des différentes politiques monétaires visant à stabiliser les prix des actifs en période de crise de liquidités. Nous proposons un modèle de macro-finance avec des banques hétérogènes soumises à un risque de liquidité de financement. Lorsque les fonds propres des banques sont faibles, une spirale de décote endogène se dessine entre la baisse des prix des actifs et les risques de financement. La banque centrale peut partiellement contrer cette dynamique par des politiques ...

This work is about the reconstruction of the public law because of digital new uses, reviewing the transformation of the main public law concepts. This in order to identify which concepts can withstand, change or disappear because digital new uses. This will be the moment to mention the new digital items, to confront their compatibility by the public law. Moreover, we will consider how the public law is able to comprehend news uses and digital reticulated communication structures. Then, the purpose of this work is to reintegrate public law into the network paradigm in order to find out the ability for the public government to take part efficiently in most digital activities and digital business activities. In this way, we will be able to design how to guide the conceptual transformation of the public law in the digital transition of the government facing new digital challenges. ; Ces travaux portent sur la recomposition du droit public du fait du numérique. Il s'agit donc d'étudier la transformation des principaux concepts du droit public afin d'identifier ce qui résiste, ce qui se transforme et ce qui disparaît après que le numérique infléchisse les comportements et les activités. Ce sera l'occasion d'évoquer les objets nouveaux du numérique et voir leur compatibilité avec le droit public et le droit de manière globale. Également, l'opportunité sera donnée de réfléchir sur l'appropriation juridique des comportements et des formations réticulaires en vigueur dans les usages qui font appel aux technologiques numériques. Partant, il s'agira de réinsérer le droit public dans le paradigme du réseau numérique afin d'y dégager les moyens de repenser les moyens d'intervention de l'État sur les activités numériques et notamment les activités économiques numériques. De cette manière, il s'agit globalement de réfléchir sur la transformation conceptuelle du droit public face à la transition numérique de l'État face aux nouveaux impératifs que le numérique présente à lui.

International audience ; The expression "moral harassment" was born in 1998, under the pen of French psychologist Marie-France Hirigoyen, in her bestseller Moral harassment. The perverse violence in everyday life (Hirigoyen, 1998). Moral harassment, mobbing, bullying or workplace bullying (as Anglophones call it) is a pernicious phenomenon that "undermines the moral contract that binds the person to her work" (Viaux and Bernaud, 2001a), Personal translation. This phenomenon, which is predominant in the workplace, is met by several employees worldwide (Bartlett & Bartlett, 2011). Morocco, an Arab-Muslim country, in the process of development, does not escape this phenomenon. Moroccan employees suffer from moral harassment at work (MHW), under the pressure of the social and economic environment and under the silence of the legislator.Several improvements have been made in the Moroccan labor code in recent years. They aim to reconcile business performance and employees' working conditions. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of MHW remains largely ignored or omitted by management, legislation, but also by the scientific research (Esserdi et al., 2018b).Through this exploratory study (quantitative and qualitative), we aim to highlight the impact of the MHW on health of Social Workers (SW).Our first results highlight a particularly marked suffering, which we propose to explore through contextual elements related to Moroccan culture. ; L'expression « harcèlement moral » est née en 1998, sous la plume de la psychologue française Marie-France Hirigoyen, dans son bestseller Le harcèlement moral. La violence perverse au quotidien (Hirigoyen, 1998). Le harcèlement moral, mobbing, bullyingou workplace bullying (tel que le nomment les anglophones) est un phénomène pernicieux, qui porte atteinte au contrat moral qui lie la personne à son travail (Viaux et Bernaud, 2001a).Ce phénomène, prépondérant dans les lieux de travail, est rencontré par plusieurs salariés, à l'échelle mondiale (Bartlett & Bartlett, 2011). Le Maroc, pays ...

How do managers utilize the sources of information available to them? The thesis provides an answer for this question from the perspective of corporate investment in the form of three papers. The first paper shows that a network of block investments by acquirers has a significant impact on the probability of deal success. This network effect is observed to help the targets as well from the perspective of mergers and acquisitions. The second paper investigates the impact of unconventional monetary policies of the Federal Reserve on the financially constrained firms. While the price informativeness of financially constrained firms were significantly hampered during the financial crisis, the price informativeness of the stocks has rebounded to normalcy thanks to the quantitative easing measures by the Federal Reserve. The third paper provides an answer on how private firms learn from the acquisition strategies of public firms and then implement their strategies for their own benefit. The paper also provides evidence for the private firms to learn from growth opportunities for public firms in a certain sector and invest in those sectors based on these learnings. ; Comment les gestionnaires utilisent les sources externes d'information à leur disposition ? La thèse construite sur trois articles apporte une réponse à cette question du point de vue de l'investissement des entreprises. Le premier article montre qu'un réseau de blocs d'actionnariat, mis en place par des acquéreurs, a un impact significatif sur la probabilité de succès de ses futures acquisitions. Cet effet de réseau aide également les sociétés cibles lors de ces opérations. Le deuxième document examine l'impact des politiques monétaires non conventionnelles de la Réserve fédérale américaine sur les entreprises souffrant de contraintes financières. Alors que l'informativité des prix des titres de ces entreprises avait été considérablement entravée pendant la crise financière, celle-ci est revenue à son niveau d'avant crise suite aux mesures ...

This thesis aims to study macroeconomic issues related to the dynamics, distribution and price of macroeconomic risks.The first chapter examines the effectiveness of different monetary policies in stabilizing asset prices in times of liquidity crisis. We propose a macro-finance model with heterogeneous banks subject to funding liquidity risk. When banks' equity capital is low, an endogenous haircut spiral emerges between the decline in asset prices and financing risks. The central bank can partially counter this dynamic with monetary policies. If the shadow banking sector is important, a large-scale asset purchase policy may be necessary to stabilize asset prices.The second chapter asks the question: how does productivity growth interact with financial cycles? In the years following the Great Recession, the diffusion of new innovations was particularly low, leading to low productivity growth. This work shows that this pattern can be rationalized in a standard macro-financial model with heterogeneous risk aversion when it is assumed that the implementation of new innovations is risky.In the third chapter, we propose a robust method for solving a large class of continuous-time dynamic general equilibrium models. We use a finite difference scheme to solve partial differential equation systems with multiple endogenous state variables in a short computation time. ; Cette thèse se propose d'étudier des questions macroéconomiques liées à la dynamique, à la distribution et au prix des risques macroéconomiques.Le premier chapitre examine l'efficacité des différentes politiques monétaires visant à stabiliser les prix des actifs en période de crise de liquidités. Nous proposons un modèle de macro-finance avec des banques hétérogènes soumises à un risque de liquidité de financement. Lorsque les fonds propres des banques sont faibles, une spirale de décote endogène se dessine entre la baisse des prix des actifs et les risques de financement. La banque centrale peut partiellement contrer cette dynamique par des politiques ...

International audience ; Comics production in France in the immediate post-war period has to deal with a complex situation. The children's literature is facing a complete reorganization driven by economic and political measures that many publishers will not escape unscathed. American series that had stimulated the creativity of cartoonist and publishers before the war, such as those of science fiction telling space and / or exotic adventures of superhumans-like with more or less fantastic powers and / or extraordinary technological tools are strongly criticized. But, though the hunt for translations of foreign comics was open, and their presence would become rarer throughout the 40s and 50s, this literature has strongly influenced the graphic style and narrative imagination of French cartoonists, and thus impregnated the French post-war science fiction. The creation of French superheroes' comics such as Fulguros (1947), Atomas (1948), or Satanax (1948) is a piece of choice for those interested in French science fiction's formation in this period. It embodies in a particular way a science fiction model then considered deviant. We propose to draw the portrayal of this emerging French science fiction comics, which is necessarily unstable, moving and whose graphic, narrative and ideological characteristics are often shelved. ; Le champ de production de la bande dessinée en France dans l'immédiat après-guerre est dans une situation complexe. La presse pour enfants connaît une complète restructuration entraînée par des mesures économiques et politiques dont beaucoup d'éditeurs ne sortiront pas indemnes. Les séries américaines qui avaient stimulé la créativité des dessinateurs et des éditeurs avant guerre, comme celles de science-fiction narrant les aventures spatiales et/ou exotiques de héros aux allures de surhommes dotés de pouvoirs plus ou moins fantastiques et/ou d'outils technologiques extraordinaires sont fortement décriées. Bien que la chasse aux traductions de bandes dessinées étrangères soit ouverte et que ...

This work is within a double framework of research: on the one hand, the study of the role of the cultural periodicals in the total structuring of the literary fields at the time contemporary ; in addition, historical analysis of the typical case of the African literatures in France and their positioning for the period considered, starting from the assumption of the existence of the under-field sometimes called "the Africa-on-Seine" (Cazenave, 2003). The basic corpus is consisted the review Peuples noirs-peuples africains (1978-1991). At the same time political and literary, this periodical positions like the spokesperson of the African people. One will wonder about the capacity of this periodical to get a place in the French field and to change the rules them, starting from a dominated position and according to the procedures of already studied emergence or fan-in addition, generally for works or authors, but also for fields articulated within one (poly) - system. The analysis will consist in studying the review Peuples noirs-peuples africains. Initially, one will examine his collaborators, his networks of readers and his supports institutional. One will analyze, then, his contents and finally his leading policy. As far as possible, we will also try to exploit the archives available. As assumption, we will consider also a comparison, which will be more or less developed during our work, with the competitor periodicals of the time, such as Présence africaine. ; Ce travail se situe dans un double cadre de recherche : d'une part, l'étude du rôle des périodiques culturels dans la structuration globale des champs littéraires à l'époque contemporaine ; d'autre part, l'analyse historique du cas particulier des littératures africaines en France et de leur positionnement pendant la période considérée, à partir de l'hypothèse de l'existence du sous-champ parfois appelé « Afrique-sur-Seine » (Cazenave, 2003). Le corpus de base est constitué par la revue Peuples noirs-peuples africains (1978-1991). À la fois politique et ...

Our thesis challenges the discomfort that comes with any organisation removal. Why any space change is such ripple and why is it so tough on employees even if the decorum remains ? We will analyse the removal process through Henri Lefebvre's thinking in order to highlight its political underpinnings. If politics is a profession, the political can be defined a minima as two persons discussing topics that concern themselves. A new environment also brings a new frame for interactions among workers and therefore influences the political. Our construct stands on a cas study : a recently removed company. We focus on the removal process and on how employees reconstruct a political structure within the new environment. Through their spatial practices, employees pay more or less attention to the others constructing what we call an « attention economy ». More concretely, analysis reveals complex patterns of spatial practices that credit or discredit workers and how this game is, in fact, a political practice. We also highlight the fact that this political practice overwhelms official practices, through, as an example, compensatory practices, informal but codified. ; Cette thèse interroge le malaise qui accompagne les déménagements d'organisation. Pourquoi tout changement d'espace est un tel remous et pourquoi est-ce si difficile pour les salariés, même lorsque le bâtiment et le décorum restent identiques (dans le cas d'une rénovation, par exemple) ? Nous analysons le processus de déménagement au prisme de la pensée d'Henri Lefebvre pour en comprendre la dimension politique. Si la politique est un métier, le politique peut être défini a minima comme deux personnes parlant d'un sujet les concernant. Un nouvel espace donne un nouveau cadre aux interactions entre salariés et modifie, par conséquent, le politique. Nous appuyons notre construit sur une étude de cas : une entreprise venant de déménager. Nous étudions la manière dont se déroule le déménagement mais aussi comment les salariés reconstruisent le politique dans le ...

This work is about the reconstruction of the public law because of digital new uses, reviewing the transformation of the main public law concepts. This in order to identify which concepts can withstand, change or disappear because digital new uses. This will be the moment to mention the new digital items, to confront their compatibility by the public law. Moreover, we will consider how the public law is able to comprehend news uses and digital reticulated communication structures. Then, the purpose of this work is to reintegrate public law into the network paradigm in order to find out the ability for the public government to take part efficiently in most digital activities and digital business activities. In this way, we will be able to design how to guide the conceptual transformation of the public law in the digital transition of the government facing new digital challenges. ; Ces travaux portent sur la recomposition du droit public du fait du numérique. Il s'agit donc d'étudier la transformation des principaux concepts du droit public afin d'identifier ce qui résiste, ce qui se transforme et ce qui disparaît après que le numérique infléchisse les comportements et les activités. Ce sera l'occasion d'évoquer les objets nouveaux du numérique et voir leur compatibilité avec le droit public et le droit de manière globale. Également, l'opportunité sera donnée de réfléchir sur l'appropriation juridique des comportements et des formations réticulaires en vigueur dans les usages qui font appel aux technologiques numériques. Partant, il s'agira de réinsérer le droit public dans le paradigme du réseau numérique afin d'y dégager les moyens de repenser les moyens d'intervention de l'État sur les activités numériques et notamment les activités économiques numériques. De cette manière, il s'agit globalement de réfléchir sur la transformation conceptuelle du droit public face à la transition numérique de l'État face aux nouveaux impératifs que le numérique présente à lui.

Selon John Dewey, l'autogouvernement (self-governement) consiste au droit et à la capacité de chacun de participer activement à la régulation de ses conditions d'existence et de ses activités sociales (Zask, 2010). Il s'inscrit dans une perspective coopérative et réflexive de la démocratie qui intègre simultanément l'ensemble des individus dans une communauté autogouvernante et une démarche expérimentale de résolution de problèmes politiques (Honneth et Farrell, 1998). À partir d'un survol des écrits de John Dewey et Jane Addams, cet essai vise à rapporter et à analyser les principaux défis et obstacles de la réalisation de l'autogouvernement. Nous explorons plus spécifiquement les conditions et les contingences politiques, le besoin de réactualisation constante de cet idéal en fonction d'une démarche expérimentale et réflexive, l'absence de démocratie des activités économiques et industrielles, le manque d'opportunité d'apprentissage continu ainsi que les figures de domination et de paternalisme s'imposant dans les relations sociales. ; According to John Dewey, self-government is the right and ability of everyone to participate actively in the regulation of their living conditions and social activities (Zask, 2010). It is part of a cooperative and reflective conception of democracy which simultaneously integrates all individuals into a self-governing community and an intelligent approach to solving political problems (Honneth and Farrell, 1998). Drawing from an overview of the writings of John Dewey and Jane Addams, this essay aims to detail and analyze the main challenges and obstacles to achieving self-government. Of primary focus are political contingencies, the concrete valuation and the constant re-actualization of this ideal according to an experimental and reflective approach, the exclusion of democracy from economic activities and the industrial world, the lack of lifelong learning opportunities, and the different forms of domination and paternalism in social relations.

This thesis aims to study macroeconomic issues related to the dynamics, distribution and price of macroeconomic risks.The first chapter examines the effectiveness of different monetary policies in stabilizing asset prices in times of liquidity crisis. We propose a macro-finance model with heterogeneous banks subject to funding liquidity risk. When banks' equity capital is low, an endogenous haircut spiral emerges between the decline in asset prices and financing risks. The central bank can partially counter this dynamic with monetary policies. If the shadow banking sector is important, a large-scale asset purchase policy may be necessary to stabilize asset prices.The second chapter asks the question: how does productivity growth interact with financial cycles? In the years following the Great Recession, the diffusion of new innovations was particularly low, leading to low productivity growth. This work shows that this pattern can be rationalized in a standard macro-financial model with heterogeneous risk aversion when it is assumed that the implementation of new innovations is risky.In the third chapter, we propose a robust method for solving a large class of continuous-time dynamic general equilibrium models. We use a finite difference scheme to solve partial differential equation systems with multiple endogenous state variables in a short computation time. ; Cette thèse se propose d'étudier des questions macroéconomiques liées à la dynamique, à la distribution et au prix des risques macroéconomiques.Le premier chapitre examine l'efficacité des différentes politiques monétaires visant à stabiliser les prix des actifs en période de crise de liquidités. Nous proposons un modèle de macro-finance avec des banques hétérogènes soumises à un risque de liquidité de financement. Lorsque les fonds propres des banques sont faibles, une spirale de décote endogène se dessine entre la baisse des prix des actifs et les risques de financement. La banque centrale peut partiellement contrer cette dynamique par des politiques ...