Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- A brief history of confirmation bias -- Social media algorithms and confirmation bias -- Creating your own bias bubble -- News, "fake news" and confirmation bias -- The spread of "fake news" on social media -- When social media and the real world collide

The aim of this research paper is to realize an analysis of the tobacco market in Albania. We will be focused on some of the elements that have characterized this market, like the existence of monopoly situation. The study will help us reveal some of the problems that the monopoly as a competitive structure may have brought.
We also want to treat some of the issues or problems that tobacco producers face. We want also to see how much they are supported from the government and also want to discover their opinion about different issues regarding the way in which this market functions. The results showed that there are several problems that tobacco producers in Albania face. These problems are related with the market competitive structure and also with the governmental intervention. Informality has been one of the elements that have been followed by some other problems for the producers; such as uncertainties for the producers. So the study revealed that not everything is going well for tobacco producers in Albania. One of the main elements that have done the producers not satis-fied as been the lack of the necessary support from the government, which should be more helpful toward them.

The limitations of the hypothetico‐deductive (H‐D) method of inductive confirmation are described, and an alternate method, the hypothetico‐analog (H‐A) method is described in detail. The H‐A method can be characterized as a modified and supplemented form of the simple H‐D method, and is proposed as being more appropriate for archaeological inference. Aspects of the H‐A method that are given particular attention include the establishment of boundary conditions for reference classes, plausibility considerations, multiple working hypotheses, bridging arguments, and criteria for selecting alternative hypotheses. [scientific method, archaeological inference, hypothetico‐analog method, inductive confirmation]

A spate of studies of West European and North American cities have charted and interpreted the remarkable and rapid transformation of public transport since the early 19th century. The question arises as to whether the attempts to superimpose metropolitan culture via public transport structures in African, Asian, and Central and South American cities were as spectacular and speedy. Attention, in tackling this question, focuses upon the transfer of public transport technological — organisational structures to Southeast Asia since the 1860s. Rather than accept the transitional process of competition through oligopoly to state-monopoly as given, a test is made of whether the basic prerequisites of these phases can be sustained in a Southeast Asian context, from an analysis of core technologies and the structure, conduct, and performance of individual firms. Past corporate growth paths of urban public transport in Southeast Asia can then be mapped out and future directions suggested.

Traditionally a scientific theory is viewed as based on universal laws of nature that serve as axioms for logical deduction. In analyzing the logical structure of evolutionary biology, Elisabeth Lloyd argues that the semantic account is more appropriate and powerful. This book will be of interest to biologists and philosophers alike.