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This edition is a one-stop source for information that covers all aspects of environmental health, including recent and historic environmental health events, environmentally related health conditions and diseases, Important public health practices, environmental terms, and significant organizations and legislation. It offers a global perspective on environmental health, plus recent efforts by scientists, urban planners, and legislators to create healthy urban environments

Nowadays the urban regeneration is the main tool through which the Italian Regions strive for the limitation of land consumption. This new objective for planning is not only a way of balancing different general interests, but it is becoming a benchmark for social, economic, and cultural interests too. The essay examines the concrete samples of the urban regeneration in Italy by comparing those coming from the Regional legislators with the ones based on civic initiatives. The author underlines both positive aspects and negative sides of them both. At the end, nevertheless, the Author tries to draw a more general conclusion, by arguing the environmental sustainability is a comprehensive curb even beyond the normative provisions. That way he considers that environmental sustainability is the main driver for territorial policies.

Transportation energy issues are moving to the forefront of the public consciousness in the U.S. and particularly California, and gaining increasing attention from legislators and regulators. The three principal concerns motivating interest in transportation energy are urban air quality, oil dependence, and the threat of global warming. Transportation fuels are a principal contributor to each of these. The transportation sector, mostly motor vehicles, contributes roughly half the urban air pollutants, almost one-third of the carbon dioxide, and consumes over 60% of all petroleum.

ABSTRACTThe annexation activity of municipalities is studied in a market framework. A sample of 659 municipalities of 25,000 or more population is used to analyze the effects of municipal government structure and annexation statutes on municipal government behavior. Both annexation laws and types of municipal governments are found to be significant determinants of the level of municipal annexation activity. Since some studies indicate that annexation activity affects municipal efficiency, these results have policy implications for state legislators who control the institutions under which municipalities operate.

The work is part of an ongoing investigation about the policies of urban developmentand housing management carried forward by Mauricio Macri (2007-2014),) in the southof Buenos Aires. As part of the completion of his second term to 2015, this article aimsto provide some conceptual elements for a critical assessment of management. Based onthe concept of actually existing neoliberalism, coined by Neil Brenner, et all (2009), isto studied the various actions taken by management that are discussed in these neighborhoods,building a typology of areas that emerge as a result of policies and a periodizationof them. This ongoing research is based on interviews with government officialsof the City, neighbourhood leaders, legislators and the study of secondary sources suchas legislative documents and three national newspapers. ; Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación en curso acerca de las políticas de desarrollourbano y vivienda de la gestión del ingeniero Mauricio Macri (2007-2014) en el surde la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. En el marco de la finalización de su segundomandato, hacia el año 2015, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo brindar algunoselementos conceptuales para un balance crítico de la gestión. A partir del concepto de"neoliberalismo realmente existente" acuñado por Theodore, Peck y Brenner (2009) seestudian las acciones implementadas por dicha gestión en estos barrios y se construyeuna tipología de zonas que emergen como producto de las políticas y una periodizaciónde las mismas. Esta investigación en curso se basa en entrevistas a funcionarios del Gobiernode la ciudad, dirigentes barriales y legisladores y en el estudio de fuentes secundariascomo documentos legislativos y periódicos nacionales. ; Este trabalho é parte de uma investigação em andamento sobre as políticas de desenvolvimentourbano e moradia no sul da cidade de Buenos Aires sob o governo do engenheiroMauricio Macri (2007-2014). O artigo pretende fornecer alguns elementos conceituaispara um balanço crítico dessa gestão. Baseado no conceito de "neoliberalismo realmenteexistente", cunhado por Theodore, Peck e Brenner (2009) são investigadas as ações realizadasnestes distritos e se constrói uma periodização e uma tipologia das áreas conformeessas políticas. Para esta pesquisa foram utilizadas informações primárias, tais como entrevistascom funcionários do governo da cidade, lideranças políticas e sociais e tambéminformações secundárias de jornais nacionais e documentos do legislativo.

Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación en curso acerca de las políticas de desarrollourbano y vivienda de la gestión del ingeniero Mauricio Macri (2007-2014) en el surde la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. En el marco de la finalización de su segundomandato, hacia el año 2015, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo brindar algunoselementos conceptuales para un balance crítico de la gestión. A partir del concepto de"neoliberalismo realmente existente" acuñado por Theodore, Peck y Brenner (2009) seestudian las acciones implementadas por dicha gestión en estos barrios y se construyeuna tipología de zonas que emergen como producto de las políticas y una periodizaciónde las mismas. Esta investigación en curso se basa en entrevistas a funcionarios del Gobiernode la ciudad, dirigentes barriales y legisladores y en el estudio de fuentes secundariascomo documentos legislativos y periódicos nacionales. ; The work is part of an ongoing investigation about the policies of urban developmentand housing management carried forward by Mauricio Macri (2007-2014),) in the southof Buenos Aires. As part of the completion of his second term to 2015, this article aimsto provide some conceptual elements for a critical assessment of management. Based onthe concept of actually existing neoliberalism, coined by Neil Brenner, et all (2009), isto studied the various actions taken by management that are discussed in these neighborhoods,building a typology of areas that emerge as a result of policies and a periodizationof them. This ongoing research is based on interviews with government officialsof the City, neighbourhood leaders, legislators and the study of secondary sources suchas legislative documents and three national newspapers. ; Este trabalho é parte de uma investigação em andamento sobre as políticas de desenvolvimentourbano e moradia no sul da cidade de Buenos Aires sob o governo do engenheiroMauricio Macri (2007-2014). O artigo pretende fornecer alguns elementos conceituaispara um balanço crítico dessa gestão. Baseado no conceito de "neoliberalismo realmenteexistente", cunhado por Theodore, Peck e Brenner (2009) são investigadas as ações realizadasnestes distritos e se constrói uma periodização e uma tipologia das áreas conformeessas políticas. Para esta pesquisa foram utilizadas informações primárias, tais como entrevistascom funcionários do governo da cidade, lideranças políticas e sociais e tambéminformações secundárias de jornais nacionais e documentos do legislativo.

Rural overrepresentation and metropolitan underrepresentation in state legislatures have long been standard targets for the criticisms of students of state and local government. As Murray Stedman, for example, puts it, "Rural minorities control many state legislatures and thereby penalize urban majorities. The virtual serfdom of the urbanite to the rurally controlled state legislatures in many areas is a recurrent plaint in the writings of political scientists." Commenting on the tendency of state legislators to form blocs reflecting individual localities and their local and regional interests, Alfred DeGrazia concludes that "every American state with any considerable urban population has undergone protracted conflict between rural and urban blocs, often regardless of party lines." Textbooks on municipal government, and state and local government, universally condemn urban underrepresentation in state legislatures and say, or imply, that the result is consistent defeat or frustration of urban interests in the legislative arena. My purpose here is to introduce a note of factual skepticism into a portion of the discussion.

The mining environment, medical geology and urban geochemistry form a group of related scientific disciplines that have developed strongly during recent years in the Nordic countries. Modern legislation controls the environmental issues. Close co-operation of researchers and legislators has improved the quality and safety of life in the societies of the Nordic countries. In mining environmental studies, methods that are suitable in Arctic conditions have been developed; in medical geology, the input from the Nordic countries has made it an appreciated scientific discipline throughout the world, and in the case of the urban environment, methods developed by our geochemists have especially improved the health conditions, particularly of children. ; Validerad; 2008; 20080825 (ysko)

ABSTRACT  Existing analyses of electricity deregulation have focused on situations where horizontal market power is present. This paper instead evaluates a market where a competitive outcome is more likely. Competitive market supply and demand curves for electricity have been simulated for a twenty‐state region. These simulated supply and demand curves are used to predict short‐run and long‐run prices for electric power. Many consumers will see a drop in the portion of their electric bills accounted for by the current economic costs of supplying them with electricity. Adjustments to consumers' bills for stranded cost recovery will be determined by legislators and regulators on a state‐by‐state and utility‐by‐utility basis. Because of excess capacity that currently exists in the industry, the decline in prices will be greater in the short run than in the long run.

In an attempt to remedy the uneven balance of investment in distressed, low-income communities, legislators enacted the Opportunity Zone legislation—a place-based tax subsidy included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Focusing primarily on capital investment, the Opportunity Zone legislation fails to incentivize community engagement, preserve affordable housing, or mitigate against displacement. The subsidy is likely to benefit wealthy investors and large corporations at the expense of low-income, minority residents who can no longer afford to live in areas they once called home. This Note provides a comparative critique of Opportunity Zones and similar efforts to revitalize urban areas. By examining how Opportunity Zones eliminate affordable housing and displace low-income communities, this Note offers alternative solutions aimed at helping the low-income communities the subsidy fails to protect.

This timely examination of Alabama's severely criticized state constitution will serve as an indispensable guide for legislators and citizens considering reform of the outdated document. Alabama's present constitution, adopted in 1901, is widely viewed as the source of many, if not most, of the state's historic difficulties and inequities. Chief among these is a poorly funded school system, an imbalanced tax system that favors special business interests, legislated racism, and unchecked urban sprawl. Many citizens believe that, after 100 years of overburdening amendments and confusing addendu

The devastation of COVID-19 substantively impacted enrollment opportunities for colleges and universities in the United States. Many higher education institutions responded to the crises by moving students off campus, enacting furloughs, increasing tuition, and appealing to their state and federal legislators for financial resources. At the University of Cincinnati (UC), critical considerations for campus leadership were how to best stabilize enrollment and resources and what needed to take place to ensure that underrepresented students were not lost in the process. Disparities exist in how the pandemic affects people of color and people from low-socioeconomic backgrounds. That, undoubtedly, was true for many of UC's students and their families from historically underserved backgrounds. UC launched a strategic initiative called Landing the Class to address enrollment concerns. The effort, which this article features, discusses how UC used innovative strategy and planning to address its enrollment challenges during the pandemic. Using a variety of institutional and national data, we provide an analysis of the extent to which the Landing the Class initiative was influential in helping the university reach its enrollment goals and implications for higher education leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

With the Collier–Burns Highway Act of 1947, California pioneered a new system of highway finance. In response to estimates of enormous highway needs in the postwar period, the state planned substantial increases in funding. The key debate was about who would pay what share. Legislators planned a significant increase in the motor fuel tax and a shift of more of the tax burden onto heavy vehicles, which inflicted most damage to roads. However, the proposal met with intense opposition from motorist groups, oil companies, and truckers. California eventually passed legislation that established the first-ever trust fund dedicating highway user tax revenue to roads, a law that was later copied widely, including by Congress in 1956, when the Interstate system was funded. The trucking industry in California defeated proposals to require it to shoulder more of the financial burden; this outcome too would be repeated elsewhere, including at the federal level. Finally, the inclusion of urban freeways eased the California legislation's passage, and this provision also became a key element of the federal Interstate legislation. Thus, the legacy of Collier–Burns reaches well beyond California to influence transportation and public finance across the United States to the present day.