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AbstractThe study aims to create an understanding of the embeddedness of individual expertise in the customer relationships of professional business service firms. A theoretical pre‐understanding based on discussions of professional service business relationships in general and the role of individual experts in customer relationships, in particular, is assessed through a case study of a professional business services provider and four customer organizations. The study suggests that the embeddedness of individual expertise within professional services in business relationships manifest itself in four ways: (1) expertise embedded in knowledge of the service context, (2) expertise that can be transferred between organizational contexts, (3) expertise embedded in personal relationships, and (4) expertise embedded in the personal interactions that enable knowledge‐sharing. Each has implications for various activities performed by the parties and relationship management practices, which are also scrutinized in the present study. Also, the adoption of a new concept of personified service in business relationships is put forward. The study highlights that the reliance on personal expertise is not only a challenge for relationship management, as often suggested, but can also generate effectiveness in both customer and supplier relationship management.

Professional influence in policy‐making is generally believed to rest on professionals successfully laying claim to access to expertise – knowledge, understanding or experience – not available to others, above all politicians. On the basis of a 2005 survey of nearly 800 lawyers serving in local authorities in England and Wales, this article explores the relationship between specialization and political influence. Lawyers who shape policy use conventional routes for political influence, establish contacts with political officeholders, tend to identify less with the profession at large and are less likely to see themselves as specialists in any field of law. This means that the relationship between expertise and political power is complex and that the notion that professionals use their expertise to shape policy should be treated with some caution.

This text explores the role of policy expertise in a democratic society. From the perspectives of political science and policy theory, the chapters work out the implications of deliberative democratic governance for professional expertise and extends them to specific policy practices.

This study was aimed to identify the profiles of teachers' expertise and professional development in Technology and Engineering Expertise Program (TEEP) of Vocational Secondary Schools (VSSs). This study was conducted with a survey approach. The population consisted of 1025 teachers of TEEP at VSSs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The samples were 280 teachers selected with proportional random sampling. Data were collected by an open-ended questionnaire and analyzed with a descriptive method. Results of the study identified the profiles of expertise that included the majority of teacher's employment status is government employees and scanty non-government employees. The range of working time is mostly from 7 and 18 years. Teachers mostly participate in the teachers' certification through the professional teachers training program. A few number of the teachers have the additional expertise certificates, and none of the teachers has the dual expertise certificates. Furthermore, types of the teachers' professional development activities that followed by most of the teachers are seminars, journals, learning media, and participating as members of teachers association.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Language, Professional Expertise and Identity -- Introduction -- Ways of Thinking About Professional Expertise and Identity -- Languages, Cultures and Professional Interactions -- A Narrative Study of Professionals -- The Professionals -- Alain -- David -- Charlotte -- Katherine -- Benjamin -- Gérard -- Félix -- Hervé -- Isobel -- Laurent -- Eliane -- Juliette -- An Outline of the Book -- References -- 2 The Contemporary Workplace -- Introduction -- Ways of Thinking About Languages and Cultures in the Contemporary Workplace -- Languages, Cultures and Working Together -- Complexity, Challenge and Risk -- Possibilities and Affordances: Interculturality -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Why a Narrative Study? -- Introduction -- Understanding Self Through Narrative -- Exploring the Relationship Between Self, Narrative Text and Context -- The Study -- Participants -- Creating and Interpreting Narratives -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Becoming an Intercultural Professional: Risks and Affordances -- Introduction -- Risk, Reflection and Reflexivity -- Assessing Risk -- Positioning People -- Calibrating Responses -- Discovering Connections -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Positioning Oneself as an Intercultural Professional -- Introduction -- Investing in Linguistic and Cultural Resources -- Drawing on Linguistic and Cultural Repertoires -- Developing an Intercultural Orientation -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Disruptive Practices and the Intercultural Professional -- Introduction -- Reflecting on and Resisting Broader Societal Narratives -- Realigning and Redefining the Self Within Broader Societal Narratives -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 The Intercultural Professional: Rewriting the Self -- Introduction -- Navigating Tensions and Rewriting Professional and Personal Narratives.

This article deconstructs public relations expertise by presenting the results of extensive empirical enquiries. The data were gathered during participant observation of a three-week commercial training course for international practitioners offered in London in 1998; and from over 100 winning entries to a British PR industry awards scheme over 16 years. Theoretically, the work draws on ideas from the sociology of the professions and Bourdieu's The Logic of Practice. Professional expertise emerges from the analysis as a body not of abstract, but of practical knowledge. The components of this knowledge are identified, and then the interrelationships of its conceptual frame and professional tools modelled in two figures: 'Public relations' domain and lines of intervention' and 'Public relations brings together the symbolic and the material'. The conclusion proposes that an understanding of the institution of consultancy, which produces and replicates the occupation's expertise as revealed here, is a necessary addition to existing management or media studies' understanding of public relations.

chapter 1 Introduction -- chapter 2 The untrustworthiness of professional expertise -- chapter 3 Delegitimating client contracts -- chapter 4 The public pledge as the ground of professional authority -- chapter 5 The legitimacy of the professions ends -- chapter 6 The limits of professional discretion -- chapter 7 The professional's good -- chapter 8 The professional and the public good -- chapter 9 Conclusion.

Summary: Two different frameworks are identified with respect to social work practice and views of professional powers. Findings: Accounts of social work practice, gathered in Italy, illustrate two styles of narrating and constructing the work experience. These are analysed following Mannheim's seminal work on romantic and enlightenment styles of thought. Practitioners' accounts differ in how sequences are constructed, in the meaning attributed to crucial aspects such as the understanding of the situation, and in the place attributed to theory. Two conceptions emerge of the relationship of professional social workers with clients, and of their power. Applications: The article contributes to the debate on the relation between theory and practice in social work. Theoretical models are not viewed as potential sources of practical suggestions, but as whole perspectives with which to engage. They are ways of seeing and doing 'things' which stimulate critical reflection on one's own work. The two ways of conceiving professional powers that emerge from this study appear embedded in different cognitive orders. This invites those seeking to identify new ways of conceiving professional powers to look at the whole social work culture, without trying to isolate single aspects or elements of it.