Agriculture in the EU is strongly influenced by public policies. Most of the existing economic models which provide ex-ante analyses are defined on a more or less aggregated level, which ignores the underlying heterogeneity among farms in Europe. This paper presents a model which fills this gap. Flexible cost functions for dairy, cattle and crop were econometrically estimated using the EU farm accountancy data network for the period 1995-2007. For ex-ante evaluation of public policies, these cost functions are integrated in the objective function of farm mathematical programming models. The model is used to analyse the impact of dairy and sugar market reforms on output, input use and income. Generally, the results highlight that changes in farm supplies, input demands and gross margins are heterogeneous across farms, thus underlining the need to perform simulations at the farm level.
Green economy is a new type of economic system aimed at harmonizing economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social justice. Governments seek to influence green economies with political measures, and green deal policies could be defined as such. Nevertheless, green economy and green deal remain under researched by Lithuanian academics. Due to ambitious goals to solve climate change challenges, abundant funding and high coverage, evaluation of the green deal policy measures is relevant both in European Union and Lithuania. However, no ex-ante evaluations of European green deal implementation in Lithuania have been carried out so far. Therefore, problem of the research is defined as a lack of ex-ante evaluation of the green deal implementation measures. Research object is the implementation measures of European green deal policies in Lithuania. Based on the problem of the research aim of the project is to conduct an ex-ante evaluation of the green deal implementation measures in Lithuania. There are three objectives to achieve the aim of the project. The first objective is to uncover the links between green economy and green deal concepts, reveal the theoretical aspects of these concepts as well as of the ex-ante evaluation and to build an ex-ante evaluation methodology. Implementation measures of green economy and green deal could be defined as either enforcing environmentally friendly behaviour or punishing for polluting. Two theory-based evaluation approaches were combined to build an ex-ante evaluation methodology, namely program logic model and theory of change. Ex-ante evaluation of the green deal implementation policy measures methodology consists of evaluation criteria linked with corresponding parts of the evaluation model and specific evaluation questions for green economy and green deal. The second objective is to carry out analysis of green economy implementation measures in different countries and thus complement ex-ante evaluation methodology. Analysis of Canada, China and Denmark allowed to compare these countries and revealed that relevance, effectiveness, impact, and coherence criteria were met or partially met in all countries, efficiency criterion was not met in neither, and sustainability criterion was met in China and Denmark but not Canada. It was also revealed that policy measures enforcing environmentally friendly behaviour are prevailing in all countries. Analysis also let to assign two specific indicators for each criterion thus supplementing and detailing evaluation methodology. The third objective is to carry out the ex-ante evaluation of European green deal implementation measures in Lithuania, using the supplemented methodology. Evaluation revealed that relevance and coherence criteria were met, impact and sustainability criteria were partially met whereas efficiency and effectiveness criteria were not. it was determined that green deal implementation policy measures in Lithuania are mostly aimed at economic dimension whereas there are considerably less measures planned for both environmental and social dimensions. It has also been revealed that most of the planned policy measures are aimed at enforcing environmentally friendly behaviour but not to punish for transgressions. It was determined that green deal policy in Lithuania is primarily viewed as European Union priority but not as a national strategy. Lithuanian society is poorly included and informed about the benefits and implementation of the green deal policy measures; this lack of inclusion leads to limited impact of the green deal policy implementation measures. Scientific literature review method was applied for analysing the concepts, links and theoretical aspects of the green economy, green deal, and ex-ante evaluation as well as for conducting analysis of the green economy implementation measures in different countries, building and supplementing methodology of the ex-ante evaluation. Ex-ante evaluation of the green deal policy implementation measures in Lithuania was conducted by using analysis of the secondary sources as well as qualitative data analysis. Ex-ante evaluation of the green deal policy implementation measures in Lithuania not only offers valuable and new academic knowledge but also useful information for policy makers to evaluate both strengths and weaknesses of the planned green deal implementation measures.
Green economy is a new type of economic system aimed at harmonizing economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social justice. Governments seek to influence green economies with political measures, and green deal policies could be defined as such. Nevertheless, green economy and green deal remain under researched by Lithuanian academics. Due to ambitious goals to solve climate change challenges, abundant funding and high coverage, evaluation of the green deal policy measures is relevant both in European Union and Lithuania. However, no ex-ante evaluations of European green deal implementation in Lithuania have been carried out so far. Therefore, problem of the research is defined as a lack of ex-ante evaluation of the green deal implementation measures. Research object is the implementation measures of European green deal policies in Lithuania. Based on the problem of the research aim of the project is to conduct an ex-ante evaluation of the green deal implementation measures in Lithuania. There are three objectives to achieve the aim of the project. The first objective is to uncover the links between green economy and green deal concepts, reveal the theoretical aspects of these concepts as well as of the ex-ante evaluation and to build an ex-ante evaluation methodology. Implementation measures of green economy and green deal could be defined as either enforcing environmentally friendly behaviour or punishing for polluting. Two theory-based evaluation approaches were combined to build an ex-ante evaluation methodology, namely program logic model and theory of change. Ex-ante evaluation of the green deal implementation policy measures methodology consists of evaluation criteria linked with corresponding parts of the evaluation model and specific evaluation questions for green economy and green deal. The second objective is to carry out analysis of green economy implementation measures in different countries and thus complement ex-ante evaluation methodology. Analysis of Canada, China and Denmark allowed to compare these countries and revealed that relevance, effectiveness, impact, and coherence criteria were met or partially met in all countries, efficiency criterion was not met in neither, and sustainability criterion was met in China and Denmark but not Canada. It was also revealed that policy measures enforcing environmentally friendly behaviour are prevailing in all countries. Analysis also let to assign two specific indicators for each criterion thus supplementing and detailing evaluation methodology. The third objective is to carry out the ex-ante evaluation of European green deal implementation measures in Lithuania, using the supplemented methodology. Evaluation revealed that relevance and coherence criteria were met, impact and sustainability criteria were partially met whereas efficiency and effectiveness criteria were not. it was determined that green deal implementation policy measures in Lithuania are mostly aimed at economic dimension whereas there are considerably less measures planned for both environmental and social dimensions. It has also been revealed that most of the planned policy measures are aimed at enforcing environmentally friendly behaviour but not to punish for transgressions. It was determined that green deal policy in Lithuania is primarily viewed as European Union priority but not as a national strategy. Lithuanian society is poorly included and informed about the benefits and implementation of the green deal policy measures; this lack of inclusion leads to limited impact of the green deal policy implementation measures. Scientific literature review method was applied for analysing the concepts, links and theoretical aspects of the green economy, green deal, and ex-ante evaluation as well as for conducting analysis of the green economy implementation measures in different countries, building and supplementing methodology of the ex-ante evaluation. Ex-ante evaluation of the green deal policy implementation measures in Lithuania was conducted by using analysis of the secondary sources as well as qualitative data analysis. Ex-ante evaluation of the green deal policy implementation measures in Lithuania not only offers valuable and new academic knowledge but also useful information for policy makers to evaluate both strengths and weaknesses of the planned green deal implementation measures.
Prema Zakonu o sustavu državne uprave iz 2019. ukidaju se uredi državne uprave kao dosadašnja prvostupanjska tijela državne uprave, a njihovi se poslovi povjeravaju na obavljanje županijama. Cilj rada jest provesti prethodnu (ex ante) evaluaciju ove organizacijske promjene kako bi se procijenilo mogu li se njezini formalni ciljevi zaista ostvariti. Kako bi se evaluacija provela, utvrđuju se predviđanja koja relevantni akteri (predstojnici i voditelji službi ureda državne uprave, pročelnici županijskih upravnih tijela, saborski zastupnici, župani i javnost) imaju od promjene. Na temelju prikupljenih empirijskih podataka identificiraju se koncepcijski i praktični problemi u provođenju ove organizacijske promjene te se utvrđuje da ona ne može ostvariti formalne ciljeve. Rad postavlja i podlogu za naknadnu (ex post) evaluaciju efekata do kojih će ova promjena dovesti. ; According to the new State Administration System Act, county administrative offices as first-instance state administration bodies will be abolished and their affairs will be delegated to counties as units of regional self-government. The goal of this paper is to conduct an ex-ante evaluation of this reform so as to determine whether its formal goals can be achieved. In order to conduct the evaluation, the expectations that relevant actors have of this reform are empirically examined. The relevant actors are divided into three groups. The first group comprises county administrative office heads, county administrative offices department chiefs, and heads of county self-government bodies. Their expectations were examined by an online survey. The second group includes political actors (members of the Parliament and county governors) whose expectations are presented through an analysis of the parliamentary debate in the course of passing the State Administration System Act, the analysis of proposals and comments on the Act and their media appearances. The third group includes the public whose expectations are presented through an analysis of the consultation process with the interested public and the publications by leading experts in public administration. Based on the empirical data collected, the conceptual and practical problems in the reform implementation are identified, with the authors concluding that this reform cannot achieve its formal goal. This data can serve as a basis for conducting ex post evaluations of the reform.
Agriculture in the EU is strongly influenced by public policies. Most of the existing economic models which provide ex-ante analyses are defined on a more or less aggregated level, which ignores theunderlying heterogeneity among farms in Europe. This paper presents a model which fills this gap. Flexible cost functions for dairy, cattle and crop were econometrically estimated using the EU farm accountancy data network for the period 1995-2007. For ex-ante evaluation of public policies, these cost functions are integrated in the objective function of farm mathematical programming models. The model is used to analyse the impact of dairy and sugar market reforms on output, input use and income. Generally, the results highlight that changes in farm supplies, input demands and grossmargins are heterogeneous across farms, thus underlining the need to perform simulations at the farm level.
Agriculture in the EU is strongly influenced by public policies. Most of the existing economic models which provide ex-ante analyses are defined on a more or less aggregated level, which ignores theunderlying heterogeneity among farms in Europe. This paper presents a model which fills this gap. Flexible cost functions for dairy, cattle and crop were econometrically estimated using the EU farm accountancy data network for the period 1995-2007. For ex-ante evaluation of public policies, these cost functions are integrated in the objective function of farm mathematical programming models. The model is used to analyse the impact of dairy and sugar market reforms on output, input use and income. Generally, the results highlight that changes in farm supplies, input demands and grossmargins are heterogeneous across farms, thus underlining the need to perform simulations at the farm level.
Part 4: Policy Formulation and Modelling ; International audience ; While the simulation-based impact assessment of public policy proposals allows policy makers to identify the feasible policy options and verify their economic, social and environmental impacts, it does not provide the explicit evaluation of policy options. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques can support an in-depth performance evaluation of policy options taking into account the preferences of decision makers and stakeholders. These preferences reflect acceptable trade-offs of performance among objectives. This study reviews multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique and presents a common policy appraisal format using main evaluation criteria linked to a set of measurable, context dependent attributes. We argue for a rank-based approach for eliciting preferences, select a novel method for attribute weight elicitation, and show how it can be integrated within a public policy multi-criteria evaluation framework. A use case for policymaking, 'Ultra-Low Emission Vehicles (ULEV) Uptake in UK', is used for demonstration of the proposed approach for policy decision analysis. This approach seeks to couple systems modelling and simulation of policy scenarios with MCDA, stakeholder analysis and preference elicitation. The outputs can further provide analytical insights in controversy/acceptability of policy options, and consequently guide further policy formulation and the design of better options.
As many other countries, Spain is also experiencing a punitive turn in Criminal Justice Policy in the last 15 years, which is taking social narratives about crime and disorder as well as actual punishment to a parallel dimension that is quite often away from reality. While some strategies try to fight back from values and ideology or empirical studies to prove what works as well as the real effects of certain policies, my approach uses very different tools to tackle the issue: First, I´ll defend the suitability of Evaluation knowledge, from a Public Policy Analysis perspective, for the improvement of Criminal Justice Policy. Such perspective conceives Evaluation as much more than just a research tool and provides, in my opinion, a holistic approach that needs to be better connected with Spanish Criminal Justice Policy making in order to have a greater impact on it. Second, to ease such connection, I´ll propose a set of adjustments in the structure and tasks of institutions involved in Criminal Justice Policy creation. It is my view that for Evaluation to be considered a relevant tool in Spanish Criminal Justice Policy there should be some institutional changes I will try to explain in detail. ; Financiado por el proyecto: "La medición de la exclusión social generada por la política criminal de los países occidentales desarrollados, DER2015-64846-P. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.
