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International audience ; Quality assessment of soils requires knowledge of distinct pollutant sources and process that leads the enrichment of harmful substances, by natural or anthropogenic causes. Reference values to chemical substances contents are used to characterize polluted or contaminated areas based preliminarily on background values. A background value refers to the natural concentration of an element or a substance in soils that have not been modified by anthropogenic activities aspects impacts. The establishment and distinction of these contents from different sources, regarding their strict reference values, guides normative instructions and some environmental laws in several countries, establishing the classification of areas with distinct levels of contamination. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is nowadays recognized as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the human health. Thus, the study goal consists in a reflection about the mineral nature of soils (reference values) and anthropic input in areas under pressure from agricultural frontiers, using as a case study the Southwest region of Amazonia. The study also proposes a comparison with the current situation in Europe, in order to subsidize the elaboration of public policies for the region under pressure of agricultural use in Brazil. In southwestern region of Brazilian Legal Amazon region, the land use is facing a continuous transformation, from mining activities and wood extraction to agricultural practices with intense use of fertilizers. These practices contribute with great volumes of heavy metals added to a weak tropical soil in this frontier region, characterized by land use conflicts between areas of indigenous reserves, farmlands and illegal mining activities. This work deals with the state of the art of legislation and proposals for reference values of some harmful substances suitable to the region and a preliminary delineation of conditions and vectors that allows their ...

International audience ; Quality assessment of soils requires knowledge of distinct pollutant sources and process that leads the enrichment of harmful substances, by natural or anthropogenic causes. Reference values to chemical substances contents are used to characterize polluted or contaminated areas based preliminarily on background values. A background value refers to the natural concentration of an element or a substance in soils that have not been modified by anthropogenic activities aspects impacts. The establishment and distinction of these contents from different sources, regarding their strict reference values, guides normative instructions and some environmental laws in several countries, establishing the classification of areas with distinct levels of contamination. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is nowadays recognized as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the human health. Thus, the study goal consists in a reflection about the mineral nature of soils (reference values) and anthropic input in areas under pressure from agricultural frontiers, using as a case study the Southwest region of Amazonia. The study also proposes a comparison with the current situation in Europe, in order to subsidize the elaboration of public policies for the region under pressure of agricultural use in Brazil. In southwestern region of Brazilian Legal Amazon region, the land use is facing a continuous transformation, from mining activities and wood extraction to agricultural practices with intense use of fertilizers. These practices contribute with great volumes of heavy metals added to a weak tropical soil in this frontier region, characterized by land use conflicts between areas of indigenous reserves, farmlands and illegal mining activities. This work deals with the state of the art of legislation and proposals for reference values of some harmful substances suitable to the region and a preliminary delineation of conditions and vectors that allows their expansion. In this protective sense, intergovernmental actions aiming the control of pollution by heavy metals, particularly Cadmium, among other chemical components, pointing to a more restricted use of phosphate fertilizers, rich in heavy metals, are recommended in several countries of the European community. European reference values are compared to the values practiced in Mato Grosso e Rondônia States, Brazil, as well as an analysis of several procedures to obtaining the reference values.

International audience ; Quality assessment of soils requires knowledge of distinct pollutant sources and process that leads the enrichment of harmful substances, by natural or anthropogenic causes. Reference values to chemical substances contents are used to characterize polluted or contaminated areas based preliminarily on background values. A background value refers to the natural concentration of an element or a substance in soils that have not been modified by anthropogenic activities aspects impacts. The establishment and distinction of these contents from different sources, regarding their strict reference values, guides normative instructions and some environmental laws in several countries, establishing the classification of areas with distinct levels of contamination. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is nowadays recognized as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the human health. Thus, the study goal consists in a reflection about the mineral nature of soils (reference values) and anthropic input in areas under pressure from agricultural frontiers, using as a case study the Southwest region of Amazonia. The study also proposes a comparison with the current situation in Europe, in order to subsidize the elaboration of public policies for the region under pressure of agricultural use in Brazil. In southwestern region of Brazilian Legal Amazon region, the land use is facing a continuous transformation, from mining activities and wood extraction to agricultural practices with intense use of fertilizers. These practices contribute with great volumes of heavy metals added to a weak tropical soil in this frontier region, characterized by land use conflicts between areas of indigenous reserves, farmlands and illegal mining activities. This work deals with the state of the art of legislation and proposals for reference values of some harmful substances suitable to the region and a preliminary delineation of conditions and vectors that allows their expansion. In this protective sense, intergovernmental actions aiming the control of pollution by heavy metals, particularly Cadmium, among other chemical components, pointing to a more restricted use of phosphate fertilizers, rich in heavy metals, are recommended in several countries of the European community. European reference values are compared to the values practiced in Mato Grosso e Rondônia States, Brazil, as well as an analysis of several procedures to obtaining the reference values.

International audience ; Quality assessment of soils requires knowledge of distinct pollutant sources and process that leads the enrichment of harmful substances, by natural or anthropogenic causes. Reference values to chemical substances contents are used to characterize polluted or contaminated areas based preliminarily on background values. A background value refers to the natural concentration of an element or a substance in soils that have not been modified by anthropogenic activities aspects impacts. The establishment and distinction of these contents from different sources, regarding their strict reference values, guides normative instructions and some environmental laws in several countries, establishing the classification of areas with distinct levels of contamination. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is nowadays recognized as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the human health. Thus, the study goal consists in a reflection about the mineral nature of soils (reference values) and anthropic input in areas under pressure from agricultural frontiers, using as a case study the Southwest region of Amazonia. The study also proposes a comparison with the current situation in Europe, in order to subsidize the elaboration of public policies for the region under pressure of agricultural use in Brazil. In southwestern region of Brazilian Legal Amazon region, the land use is facing a continuous transformation, from mining activities and wood extraction to agricultural practices with intense use of fertilizers. These practices contribute with great volumes of heavy metals added to a weak tropical soil in this frontier region, characterized by land use conflicts between areas of indigenous reserves, farmlands and illegal mining activities. This work deals with the state of the art of legislation and proposals for reference values of some harmful substances suitable to the region and a preliminary delineation of conditions and vectors that allows their expansion. In this protective sense, intergovernmental actions aiming the control of pollution by heavy metals, particularly Cadmium, among other chemical components, pointing to a more restricted use of phosphate fertilizers, rich in heavy metals, are recommended in several countries of the European community. European reference values are compared to the values practiced in Mato Grosso e Rondônia States, Brazil, as well as an analysis of several procedures to obtaining the reference values.

International audience ; Quality assessment of soils requires knowledge of distinct pollutant sources and process that leads the enrichment of harmful substances, by natural or anthropogenic causes. Reference values to chemical substances contents are used to characterize polluted or contaminated areas based preliminarily on background values. A background value refers to the natural concentration of an element or a substance in soils that have not been modified by anthropogenic activities aspects impacts. The establishment and distinction of these contents from different sources, regarding their strict reference values, guides normative instructions and some environmental laws in several countries, establishing the classification of areas with distinct levels of contamination. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is nowadays recognized as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the human health. Thus, the study goal consists in a reflection about the mineral nature of soils (reference values) and anthropic input in areas under pressure from agricultural frontiers, using as a case study the Southwest region of Amazonia. The study also proposes a comparison with the current situation in Europe, in order to subsidize the elaboration of public policies for the region under pressure of agricultural use in Brazil. In southwestern region of Brazilian Legal Amazon region, the land use is facing a continuous transformation, from mining activities and wood extraction to agricultural practices with intense use of fertilizers. These practices contribute with great volumes of heavy metals added to a weak tropical soil in this frontier region, characterized by land use conflicts between areas of indigenous reserves, farmlands and illegal mining activities. This work deals with the state of the art of legislation and proposals for reference values of some harmful substances suitable to the region and a preliminary delineation of conditions and vectors that allows their expansion. In this protective sense, intergovernmental actions aiming the control of pollution by heavy metals, particularly Cadmium, among other chemical components, pointing to a more restricted use of phosphate fertilizers, rich in heavy metals, are recommended in several countries of the European community. European reference values are compared to the values practiced in Mato Grosso e Rondônia States, Brazil, as well as an analysis of several procedures to obtaining the reference values.

International audience ; Quality assessment of soils requires knowledge of distinct pollutant sources and process that leads the enrichment of harmful substances, by natural or anthropogenic causes. Reference values to chemical substances contents are used to characterize polluted or contaminated areas based preliminarily on background values. A background value refers to the natural concentration of an element or a substance in soils that have not been modified by anthropogenic activities aspects impacts. The establishment and distinction of these contents from different sources, regarding their strict reference values, guides normative instructions and some environmental laws in several countries, establishing the classification of areas with distinct levels of contamination. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is nowadays recognized as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the human health. Thus, the study goal consists in a reflection about the mineral nature of soils (reference values) and anthropic input in areas under pressure from agricultural frontiers, using as a case study the Southwest region of Amazonia. The study also proposes a comparison with the current situation in Europe, in order to subsidize the elaboration of public policies for the region under pressure of agricultural use in Brazil. In southwestern region of Brazilian Legal Amazon region, the land use is facing a continuous transformation, from mining activities and wood extraction to agricultural practices with intense use of fertilizers. These practices contribute with great volumes of heavy metals added to a weak tropical soil in this frontier region, characterized by land use conflicts between areas of indigenous reserves, farmlands and illegal mining activities. This work deals with the state of the art of legislation and proposals for reference values of some harmful substances suitable to the region and a preliminary delineation of conditions and vectors that allows their expansion. In this protective sense, intergovernmental actions aiming the control of pollution by heavy metals, particularly Cadmium, among other chemical components, pointing to a more restricted use of phosphate fertilizers, rich in heavy metals, are recommended in several countries of the European community. European reference values are compared to the values practiced in Mato Grosso e Rondônia States, Brazil, as well as an analysis of several procedures to obtaining the reference values.

Social media can establish governance frameworks for their users through public-facing documents and policies. Such governance frameworks are value-laden and embody platform values. As a newly dominant platform in the United States, TikTok serves as an exemplary medium to study the evolution of platform values. Based on the iterations of TikTok's Community Guidelines from 2018 to 2022 ( N = 25,641), we conducted longitudinal lexical analyses to determine changes in their structure and value salience. Then, through network analysis, we demonstrated how values co-exist by constructing co-occurrence networks. Our results reveal that the lexical complexity and value interconnection of these policies have increased over time. Certain values are more central in the networks than others (e.g. privacy, safety, and fairness), which may be attributed to a public outcry for change. The evolution of TikTok's governance frameworks follows three mechanisms (mediation, reversion, and founding paths) in shaping the core-periphery structures of platform values.

Over the past few decades, many countries have issued legislation for risk based management of contaminated soils, sediments and water. Establishing appropriate guidelines for risk based management of antimony contaminated environments is of great importance due to its toxicological properties. Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid with a wide range of industrial applications that can cause adverse effects on natural ecosystems and human health. There are numerous soil and water national and international toxicity guidelines, legislation and clean up target values for evaluating the risks and health hazards associated with Sb contaminated soils and water. Although they are not accurate definitive indices of environmental hazards, they can be used as a surrogate tool for estimating harmful effects of contaminants. In this summary report, five common soil and sediment toxicity guidelines set by the USA, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and Finland as well as some of water toxicity guidelines and their derivation methods are compared. There are, however, substantial variations between toxicity threshold values due to the different scientific bases, software models and ecotoxicological criteria used for developing these guidelines. It is evident from the literature that site specific factors e.g. redox potential, pH and ageing may greatly affect the environmental availability of Sb. Hence, establishing universally acceptable regulatory guidelines and toxicity essays with an array of bioavailability based approach and site specific considerations would greatly improve the reliability and robustness of the current techniques used for environmental management and remediation of contaminated soils.

ISBN 978-85-7270-076-4 ; National audience ; The complexity of the assessment process of variations in contamination levels of soils is in part due to distinct sources, natural or by some anthropic activities. Compare these different substances sources, backgrounds and guiding values is very important to introduce directions and contributions for regulations or environmental protection legislation in general, for heavy metals contents, among other chemical components, and are pointing to more restrictive use of phosphate fertilisers, rich in those pollutant elements, in many countries around the world. Recognize and characterize contaminated soils is a serious concern with issues that whole society have to deal with today and one of the largest and most neglected problems in Brazil. This works intends to obtain an insight in the natural sources and loads of heavy metals, especially cadmium to soils in Brazil, mainly with the application of huge volume of mineral fertilisers, directly linked with their dangerous concentrations. This is a threat to public health in many regions, and it is one of the priorities to protect it from all sources of anomalous concentration in the ground. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is now recognized also as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the health of people. ; A complexidade do processo de avaliação da variação dos níveis de contaminação do solo é, em parte, devido à imprecisão na caracterização de sua origem distinta, natural ou resultante de atividades antrópicas. O estabelecimento e a comparação de backgrounds e valores de referência do conteúdo destes contaminantes são importantes para nortear e contribuir na regulamentação e jurisprudência de cunho protetivo ambiental em geral. Algumas ações visando o controle de metais pesados, entre outros elementos químicos, apontam para um uso mais restritivo de fertilizantes fosfatados, ricos nestes elementos, em vários países. Reconhecer e caracterizar solos contaminados ...

ISBN 978-85-7270-076-4 ; National audience ; The complexity of the assessment process of variations in contamination levels of soils is in part due to distinct sources, natural or by some anthropic activities. Compare these different substances sources, backgrounds and guiding values is very important to introduce directions and contributions for regulations or environmental protection legislation in general, for heavy metals contents, among other chemical components, and are pointing to more restrictive use of phosphate fertilisers, rich in those pollutant elements, in many countries around the world. Recognize and characterize contaminated soils is a serious concern with issues that whole society have to deal with today and one of the largest and most neglected problems in Brazil. This works intends to obtain an insight in the natural sources and loads of heavy metals, especially cadmium to soils in Brazil, mainly with the application of huge volume of mineral fertilisers, directly linked with their dangerous concentrations. This is a threat to public health in many regions, and it is one of the priorities to protect it from all sources of anomalous concentration in the ground. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is now recognized also as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the health of people. ; A complexidade do processo de avaliação da variação dos níveis de contaminação do solo é, em parte, devido à imprecisão na caracterização de sua origem distinta, natural ou resultante de atividades antrópicas. O estabelecimento e a comparação de backgrounds e valores de referência do conteúdo destes contaminantes são importantes para nortear e contribuir na regulamentação e jurisprudência de cunho protetivo ambiental em geral. Algumas ações visando o controle de metais pesados, entre outros elementos químicos, apontam para um uso mais restritivo de fertilizantes fosfatados, ricos nestes elementos, em vários países. Reconhecer e caracterizar solos contaminados são uma séria preocupação com problemas que toda sociedade tem de lidar hoje em dia e é um dos maiores e mais negligenciados problemas no Brasil. Neste trabalho pretende-se fazer um balanço de fontes naturais de metais pesados e cargas adicionais destes contaminantes, em especial o Cádmio, em solos brasileiros, principalmente através da aplicação de fertilizantes minerais, aplicados em grande volume e responsáveis pelo significativo incremento de sua concentração. Isto é uma ameaça à saúde pública em várias regiões, e é uma das prioridades na proteção e prevenção de suas fontes de concentração anômala no solo. A degradação da qualidade do solo concernente à contaminação e poluição por metais pesados é, hoje, reconhecido também como um sério risco ambiental e à saúde.

ISBN 978-85-7270-076-4 ; National audience ; The complexity of the assessment process of variations in contamination levels of soils is in part due to distinct sources, natural or by some anthropic activities. Compare these different substances sources, backgrounds and guiding values is very important to introduce directions and contributions for regulations or environmental protection legislation in general, for heavy metals contents, among other chemical components, and are pointing to more restrictive use of phosphate fertilisers, rich in those pollutant elements, in many countries around the world. Recognize and characterize contaminated soils is a serious concern with issues that whole society have to deal with today and one of the largest and most neglected problems in Brazil. This works intends to obtain an insight in the natural sources and loads of heavy metals, especially cadmium to soils in Brazil, mainly with the application of huge volume of mineral fertilisers, directly linked with their dangerous concentrations. This is a threat to public health in many regions, and it is one of the priorities to protect it from all sources of anomalous concentration in the ground. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is now recognized also as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the health of people. ; A complexidade do processo de avaliação da variação dos níveis de contaminação do solo é, em parte, devido à imprecisão na caracterização de sua origem distinta, natural ou resultante de atividades antrópicas. O estabelecimento e a comparação de backgrounds e valores de referência do conteúdo destes contaminantes são importantes para nortear e contribuir na regulamentação e jurisprudência de cunho protetivo ambiental em geral. Algumas ações visando o controle de metais pesados, entre outros elementos químicos, apontam para um uso mais restritivo de fertilizantes fosfatados, ricos nestes elementos, em vários países. Reconhecer e caracterizar solos contaminados são uma séria preocupação com problemas que toda sociedade tem de lidar hoje em dia e é um dos maiores e mais negligenciados problemas no Brasil. Neste trabalho pretende-se fazer um balanço de fontes naturais de metais pesados e cargas adicionais destes contaminantes, em especial o Cádmio, em solos brasileiros, principalmente através da aplicação de fertilizantes minerais, aplicados em grande volume e responsáveis pelo significativo incremento de sua concentração. Isto é uma ameaça à saúde pública em várias regiões, e é uma das prioridades na proteção e prevenção de suas fontes de concentração anômala no solo. A degradação da qualidade do solo concernente à contaminação e poluição por metais pesados é, hoje, reconhecido também como um sério risco ambiental e à saúde.

ISBN 978-85-7270-076-4 ; National audience ; The complexity of the assessment process of variations in contamination levels of soils is in part due to distinct sources, natural or by some anthropic activities. Compare these different substances sources, backgrounds and guiding values is very important to introduce directions and contributions for regulations or environmental protection legislation in general, for heavy metals contents, among other chemical components, and are pointing to more restrictive use of phosphate fertilisers, rich in those pollutant elements, in many countries around the world. Recognize and characterize contaminated soils is a serious concern with issues that whole society have to deal with today and one of the largest and most neglected problems in Brazil. This works intends to obtain an insight in the natural sources and loads of heavy metals, especially cadmium to soils in Brazil, mainly with the application of huge volume of mineral fertilisers, directly linked with their dangerous concentrations. This is a threat to public health in many regions, and it is one of the priorities to protect it from all sources of anomalous concentration in the ground. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is now recognized also as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the health of people. ; A complexidade do processo de avaliação da variação dos níveis de contaminação do solo é, em parte, devido à imprecisão na caracterização de sua origem distinta, natural ou resultante de atividades antrópicas. O estabelecimento e a comparação de backgrounds e valores de referência do conteúdo destes contaminantes são importantes para nortear e contribuir na regulamentação e jurisprudência de cunho protetivo ambiental em geral. Algumas ações visando o controle de metais pesados, entre outros elementos químicos, apontam para um uso mais restritivo de fertilizantes fosfatados, ricos nestes elementos, em vários países. Reconhecer e caracterizar solos contaminados são uma séria preocupação com problemas que toda sociedade tem de lidar hoje em dia e é um dos maiores e mais negligenciados problemas no Brasil. Neste trabalho pretende-se fazer um balanço de fontes naturais de metais pesados e cargas adicionais destes contaminantes, em especial o Cádmio, em solos brasileiros, principalmente através da aplicação de fertilizantes minerais, aplicados em grande volume e responsáveis pelo significativo incremento de sua concentração. Isto é uma ameaça à saúde pública em várias regiões, e é uma das prioridades na proteção e prevenção de suas fontes de concentração anômala no solo. A degradação da qualidade do solo concernente à contaminação e poluição por metais pesados é, hoje, reconhecido também como um sério risco ambiental e à saúde.

ISBN 978-85-7270-076-4 ; National audience ; The complexity of the assessment process of variations in contamination levels of soils is in part due to distinct sources, natural or by some anthropic activities. Compare these different substances sources, backgrounds and guiding values is very important to introduce directions and contributions for regulations or environmental protection legislation in general, for heavy metals contents, among other chemical components, and are pointing to more restrictive use of phosphate fertilisers, rich in those pollutant elements, in many countries around the world. Recognize and characterize contaminated soils is a serious concern with issues that whole society have to deal with today and one of the largest and most neglected problems in Brazil. This works intends to obtain an insight in the natural sources and loads of heavy metals, especially cadmium to soils in Brazil, mainly with the application of huge volume of mineral fertilisers, directly linked with their dangerous concentrations. This is a threat to public health in many regions, and it is one of the priorities to protect it from all sources of anomalous concentration in the ground. Decreasing soil quality by means of contamination and pollution by heavy metals is now recognized also as a serious risk for environmental quality and to the health of people. ; A complexidade do processo de avaliação da variação dos níveis de contaminação do solo é, em parte, devido à imprecisão na caracterização de sua origem distinta, natural ou resultante de atividades antrópicas. O estabelecimento e a comparação de backgrounds e valores de referência do conteúdo destes contaminantes são importantes para nortear e contribuir na regulamentação e jurisprudência de cunho protetivo ambiental em geral. Algumas ações visando o controle de metais pesados, entre outros elementos químicos, apontam para um uso mais restritivo de fertilizantes fosfatados, ricos nestes elementos, em vários países. Reconhecer e caracterizar solos contaminados são uma séria preocupação com problemas que toda sociedade tem de lidar hoje em dia e é um dos maiores e mais negligenciados problemas no Brasil. Neste trabalho pretende-se fazer um balanço de fontes naturais de metais pesados e cargas adicionais destes contaminantes, em especial o Cádmio, em solos brasileiros, principalmente através da aplicação de fertilizantes minerais, aplicados em grande volume e responsáveis pelo significativo incremento de sua concentração. Isto é uma ameaça à saúde pública em várias regiões, e é uma das prioridades na proteção e prevenção de suas fontes de concentração anômala no solo. A degradação da qualidade do solo concernente à contaminação e poluição por metais pesados é, hoje, reconhecido também como um sério risco ambiental e à saúde.