Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this article is to understand how men who have faced difficulties in conceiving with their partners and have become fathers by means of nonnormative modes of reproduction see and portray themselves in the reproductive process. Narratives by 16 fathers who resorted to assisted reproduction and/or adoption are analyzed and compared in order to learn how they describe their participation in these processes. Unstructured interviews that favor the emergence of narratives describing men's experience in reproduction processes were conducted. In men's assisted reproduction narratives, men portray themselves as secondary and nonactive characters. By contrast, in narratives about adoption, men center themselves as co- or equal actors. Becoming fathers is a central aspect of Chilean men's lives and identities. However, they are still looking for ways to validate their position in the reproductive process.

WOS: 000427076700003 ; PubMed ID: 29511578 ; Objective: Semen parameters are directly correlated with the infertility of the male. Incidence rates of male factor infertility, azoospermia and cryptozoospermia differ according to many factors such as geographic region, age, occupation and body weight. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence of male factor infertility, azoospermia and cryptozoospermia among patients who have been admitted to three separate infertility clinics in Turkey for infertility investigation and analyze the outcomes of these patients. Material and methods: A total of 9733 men, who have been admitted to 3 infertility clinics in Turkey due to infertility between March 2011 and October 2016, were included in the study. Male infertility, azoozpermia and cryptozoospermia incidence were calculated according to WHO criteria. Results: Male factor infertility was determined in 3114 (32%) of the patients including cases with azoospermia and cryptozoospermia. Azoospermia cases were observed in 570 (5.85%) and cryptozoospermia in 850 (8.73%) men. Azoospermic, and cryptozoospermic patients constitute 18.3%, and 27.2% of the male infertility cases. Sperm retrieval rates in diagnostic or oocyte pick-up plus testicular sperm extraction groups were found to be comparable (16.39%, and 41.3%, respectively). Conclusion: The data obtained may help to estimate the number of in vitro fertilization cycles and testicular sperm extraction cases, to determine social security policies, and reproductive potential, and in the light of these data to establish social insurance policies. These data will help patients to decide on treatment alternatives, and guide the urologists about the issue. ; Amaç: Semen parametreleri erkek infertilitesi ile direkt ilişkilidir. Erkek faktörlü infertilite, azoospermi vekriptozoospermi insidansı coğrafi bölge, yaş, meslek ve vücut ağırlığı gibi birçok faktöre göre değişmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de 3 farklı infertilite kliniğine infertilite nedeniyle başvuran hastalararasında erkek faktörlü infertilite, azoospermi ve kriptozoospermi oranlarını belirlemek ve bu hastalarınsonuçlarını analiz etmektir.Gereç ve yöntemler: Mart 2011 ve Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasında, Türkiye'de 3 farklı infertilite kliniğineinfertilite nedeniyle başvuran 9733 erkek çalışmaya alınmıştır.Bulgular: Hastaların 3114'ünde () erkek faktörlü infertilite (azoospermi ve kriptospermi vakaları dahil)belirlenmiştir. Hastaların 570'inde (%5,85) azoospermi, 850'sinde (%8,73) kriptozoospermi belirlenmiştir.Azoospermi vakaları erkek infertilite vakalarının ,3'ünü, kriptozoospermi vakaları ise ,2'sini oluşturmaktadır. Azoospermik ve kriptozoospermik hastalarda tanısal ya da oosit toplama işlemi ile eşleniktestiküler sperm ekstraksiyonu gruplarının sperm bulma oranları benzer (,39-,3 sırasıyla) bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar in vitro fertilizasyon siklusu ve TESE vakalarını tahmin etmede ve bu verilerışığında sosyal güvenlik politikalarının belirlenmesine, üreme potansiyelinin belirlenmesi ve bu veriler ışığında ulusal sağlık politikaları belirlenmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Veriler aynı zamanda hastalara tedavi seçenekleri arasında karar vermelerine ve ürologlara konu ile ilgili yönlendirme yaparken fayda sağlayacaktır.

This paper explores the reasons why women who are themselves fertile might consent to undergo in vitro fertilization (1VF) with an infertile male partner. The reasons often given are desire to have that particular man's child, or altruism, giving a gift to the partner. Although ethically, the decision should be completely woman's prerogative, because IVF programs usually treat the couple as a unit, she may be offered few other options by the medical staff. In social terms, whether the woman is or is not infertile may be immaterial because in either situation, if she wants to try to have a biological child and maintain the relationship, she may have to make a patriarchal bargain and undergo in vitro fertilization.

In this paper I explore the construction of a clinical continuum between a genetic disease, cystic fibrosis (CF), and male infertility. I provide a brief outline of the history of cystic fibrosis and its association with male infertility, before examining the contention that a growing number of cases of male infertility are a form of CF. I explore various processes involved in the construction of the clinical continuum between CF and male infertility: first, the identification of genetic mutations for male infertility, which includes the creation of unidentified mutations and the redefinition of polymorphisms or variations in the genetic code as mutations; second, the establishment of a common principal defect for the two entities; third, the identification of other symptoms and positive tests for CF in infertile males; and, fourth, the mutual development of genetic research into CF and infertility and the genetic surveillance of infertile couples. Throughout I highlight the treatment of uncertainties and reductionism in these processes, particularly in practitioners' characterization of mutations, explanations of the basic defect, identification of other symptoms and treatment of test results. I also examine the various ways in which research and clinical practices inter-relate. I end by considering the implications of this case study for the social analysis of genetics more generally.

Background: Infertility is defined as a couple's inability to conceive after a period of twelve months of regular unprotected intercourse. Infertility globally affects approximately 10-15% of couples. This study was carried out to find out the determinants of infertility among infertile couples.Methods: This is a retrospective review of records of 3231 infertile couples in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhulikhel Hospital from January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2018. A total of 3231 infertile couples were evaluated by reviewing their case history including demographic parameters and investigations performed.Results: Mean age of female cases seeking infertility treatment was 26.85 (±4.78) years and that of male cases was 29.81±3.18 years. About three quarter (74.7%) of the cases was of primary type. Almost half of infertility cases (48.8%) were having only female factor. Of the female contributory factors, half of them (52.12%) had ovulatory cause. Male factors contributed 23.9% of cases and 22.7% cases had abnormality in semen analysis while 1.2% had other sexual dysfunction. Mixed type of infertility was seen in 26.6% and unexplained factors had contribution of 14.4%. Conclusions: Primary infertility cases are three times more common in Dhulikhel hospital.Ovulatory cause was the most common contributory factors among female infertile cases while abnormality in semen parameter was the commonest problem among male infertile cases. Thorough evaluation and repeated visits were required to find out the apparent determinants of infertility problem.Keywords: Female factor; hysterosalpingography; infertility; ovulatory dysfunction; semen analysis.

Der Ratgeber vereint Erfahrungsberichte betroffener Männer mit Kommentaren, Sachinformationen über die verfügbaren medizinischen Therapien und möglichen Alternativen zum unerfüllten Kinderwunsch sowie Anregungen zum Reflektieren und Diskutieren mit der Partnerin. (Uwe-Friedrich Obsen)

Historically, sperm donation was shrouded in secrecy to protect the normative family and the perceived vulnerability of infertile men. However, openness about donor conception is increasingly encouraged, in acknowledging that donor-conceived people may benefit from having access to information about their biogenetic origins. Since 2017 in the state of Victoria, Australia, donor-conceived people have been able to access previously anonymous donor records. Drawing on interviews with 17 donor-conceived adults who have come to know their donor through the new laws, this article explores the impact of finding out about the donor on relationships with mothers and fathers, and points to the persistent effects of stigma and shame about donor conception within families. Most of the donor-conceived participants were told about their donor conception in early adulthood. The age range for time of disclosure was mid-teens to early 40s. Most reported that their fathers did not want them to know. In some cases, mothers had disclosed, but sworn them to secrecy. Sensitivity to fathers' feelings fostered a desire among participants to maintain secrecy about his infertility, especially in relation to wider family and friendship networks. Our findings revealed that secrecy about men's infertility is heavily reliant on women's emotional labor to protect ageing infertile fathers' sense of manhood. Coupled with fathers' overt resistance to openness, intergenerational secret keeping is perpetuated in families. Laws supporting openness potentially exacerbate the historical stigma associated with male factor infertility in a culture that continues to conflate virility, fertility, and masculinity.

Abstract
Infertility is associated with the alteration of the seminal microbiome. However, the onset of dysbiosis remains controversial and the involvement of host factors remains elusive. This study investigates the alterations of the seminal microbiome in male infertility and examines the association and function of DEFB119, a reproductive-tract-specific host antimicrobial peptide, on the seminal microbiome and male fertility. While we observed comparable genera, diversity and evenness of bacterial communities, a marked decrease in the modularity of the metacommunities was observed in patients with abnormal spermiogram (n=57) as compared to the control (n=30). A marked elevation of DEFB119 was observed in a subpopulation of male-infertile patients (n=5). Elevated seminal DEFB119 was associated with a decrease in the observed genera, diversity and evenness of bacterial communities and further distortion of the metacommunities. Mediation analysis suggests the involvement of elevated DEFB119 and dysbiosis of the seminal microbiome in mediating the abnormalities in the spermiogram. Functional experiments showed that recombinant DEFB119 significantly decrease the progressive motility of sperm in patients with abnormal spermiogram. Moreover, DEFB119 demonstrated species-specific antimicrobial activity against common seminal and non-seminal species. Our work identifies an important host factor that mediates the host-microbiome interaction and stratifies the seminal microbiome associated with male infertility. These results may lead to a new diagnostic method for male infertility and regimens for formulating the microbiome in the reproductive tract and other organ systems.