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After its colossal defeat in WWII, Japan, on the whole, developed parliamentary democracy successfully. The present-day imbalance in power between the upper house & the lower house may result in the reshuffling of parties after the next lower house election, but the essence of parliamentary democracy will not be affected. Alongside this process of democratization in domestic politics, two contradictions have dominated foreign policy. First, Japan has had to overcome idealistic, passive pacifism. The United States has strongly encouraged this direction. After the end of the Cold War, Japan overcame this contradiction reasonably well -- & sometime, somehow the revision of Article 9, the symbol of passive pacifism, will become possible. Second, Japan has had to overcome total negativism regarding pre-WWII Japan. China & Korea initially met this direction with great suspicion, & Japan has gone through a difficult process in this respect, particularly since 1995. But at the moment, Japan's relations with China & Korea are positive & forward looking. In order to make this direction sustainable, Japan needs to adopt a more proactive policy on historical memory issues. References. Adapted from the source document.

Conscious that trust deficit is a principal concern in East Asia, the book attempts to suggest ways to enhance confidence in certain key areas such as disputes in East and South China Seas, maritime CBMs, impact of economic interdependence on security, and issues concerning identity and values in Asian thinking

Dealing with difficult pasts: Japan's "history problem" from a theoretical and comparative perspective / Thomas U. Berger -- East Asian historical issues in a contemporary light / Gilbert Rozman -- Japan's historical memory: overcoming polarization toward synthesis / Kazuhiko Togo -- The history textbook issue in Japan and East Asia: institutional framework, controversies and international efforts for common histories / Hiroshi Mitani -- Myths, milieu, and facts: history textbook controversies in Northeast Asia / Mikyoung Kim -- The Yasukuni issue and Japan's international relations / Akihiko Tanaka -- Comfort women: deep polarization in Japan on facts and on morality / Kazuhiko Togo -- Japan's neo-nationalism and China's response / Jin Linbo -- Japan's role in the rise of Chinese nationalism; history and prospects / Zhu Jianrong -- Historical memory and the resurgence of nationalism: a Korean perspective / Cheol Hee Park -- The United States and reconciliation in East Asia / David Straub -- Russia and historical memories in East Asia / Tsuyoshi Hasegawa

Japanese leaders and often the media too have substituted symbols for strategy in dealing with Asia. This comprehensive review of four periods over twenty years exposes the strategic gap in viewing individually and collectively China, Taiwan, the Korean peninsula, Russia, Central Asia, and regionalism.