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The current study reviews the literature on whistleblowing and examines its role in detecting and controlling organizational misconduct. We begin with a definition of this concept, show how micro‐level theories of "deviance" explain whistleblowing, summarize evidence on its prevalence and correlates, and examine the legal protection of whistleblowers against organizational retaliation. The effectiveness of whistleblowing legislation in encouraging the reporting of organizational misconduct is also discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of the relative costs and benefits of whistleblowing as a method of social control of organizational misconduct.

After a brief review of determinate sentencing systems, this study examines the impact of Minnesota's determinate sentencing law on various presentence and sentencing outcomes. Using comparable pre‐ and postguideline measures, the results of this study suggest that Minnesota's reform effort was largely successful in reducing disparity within the scope of the new guidelines. However, although the direct impact of socioeconomic attributes of the offender diminished, these characteristics continued to influence sentencing decisions indirectly through various presentence decisions and case attributes not governed by the guidelines Different models of charge bargaining and sentence negotiations are also observed when pre‐ and postguideline models are compared. Yet, the determinants of these time‐specific models are not consistent with the assumptions of a circumvention argument. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research evaluating the impact of determinate sentencing systems on achieving social neutrality in the application of criminal sanctions.

An integrated social-psychological model used to explain academic cheating -- including elements of deterrence, rational choice, social bond, & social learning theories -- was tested using questionnaire data collected from 685 undergraduate sociology students. Variables analyzed were: frequency of academic cheating, deterrence measures, risk-benefit ratios, & social bond, social learning, & control variable measures. Bivariate & multivariate analyses show that 78% of the students cheated on homework, & that only 14% never cheated. These results support an integrated theoretical model for examining academic cheating. 3 Tables, 27 References. S. G. Yates

Introduction: studying homicide situations -- Theoretical development -- Data and methodology for studying homicide situations -- The empirical distribution of homicide -- Instrumental and expressive motives in homicide situations -- Gender differences in the structure of homicide situations -- Change and stability in the structure of youth homicide -- Racial differences in homicide situations -- Victim/offender relationships -- Conclusions and implications.

Filled with real world examples derived from media reports on crime trends and other sources, this fully updated Second Edition analyzes the specific errors that can occur in the three most common methods used to report crime-official crime data, self report, and victimization studies. For each method, the authors examine strengths and weaknesses, the fundamental issues surrounding accuracy, and the method's application to theoretical and policy research. Throughout the book, the authors demonstrate the factors that underlie crime data and illustrate the fundamental links between theory, polic

Recent contextual analyses of victimization survey data are extended by application of hierarchical logistic model techniques. Using a multi‐stage sample of 5,090 Seattle residents, we estimate models for individuals' risks of violent crime and burglary victimization as a function of both individual crime opportunity factors (routine activity and personal lifestyle) and contextual indicators of neighborhood social disorganization (neighborhood incivilities on conditions of disorder, ethnic heterogeneity, and neighborhood density in terms of both residents and strangers). Strong contextual direct effects of density, disorder, and heterogeneity are observed for violent and or burglary risks. Further, the hierarchical method used here provides a richer type of contextual analysis, indicating that neighborhood factors also "condition" the impact of crime opportunity factors for risk of both violent and burglary victimization. Implications for theoretical integration, victimization prevention strategies, and crime control policies are discussed.

The Global Agenda for Social Justice provides accessible insights into some of the world's most pressing social problems and proposes international public policy responses to those problems. Written by a highly respected team of authors brought together by the Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP), chapters examine topics such as criminal justice, media concerns, environmental problems, economic problems, and issues concerning sexualities and gender. They offer recommendations for action by governing officials, policy makers, and the public around key issues of social justice. It will be of interest to scholars, practitioners, advocates, and students interested in public sociology, the study of social problems and the pursuit of social justice