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The article addressed the issues of tax policy, focusing on its effectiveness. Through an interdisci-plinary analysis of data, an assessment was made of the impact of tax policy on economic develop-ment, income redistribution, and the growth of the state's investments. The influence of tax policy on the level of business activity, innovation, and employment growth, alongside budgetary expendi-tures, constitutes one of the key instruments of the state's fiscal policy. In the context of global chal-lenges and threats, it is essential to analyze the impact of tax policy on shaping international rela-tions and attracting foreign investments. The aim of the article is to identify potential areas for optimizing tax policy that could contribute to increased economic efficiency. It also addresses the balance between the need to raise public funds and minimizing negative effects on entrepreneurship and economic development. The conclusions drawn from the article aim to provide recommendations for policymakers regarding potential tax reforms. The author emphasiz-es the need for flexibility and adaptation of tax policy to dynamic changes in the international envi-ronment.

"Johannes de Thurocz was the author of the only chronicle that did not circulate in manuscript form. The first edition appeared in the printing house of Konrad Stahel and Matthias Preinlein in Brno on 20 March 1488, and shortly afterwards, on 3 June 1488, another edition was printed in Augsburg in the printing house of Erhard Ratdolt. Both editions end with the mournful song of magister Rogerius lamenting the destruction caused by the Tartars during the invasion of 1241. The printing of the second edition of the Chronica Hungarorum may be the result of the lack of a history of the kingdom of Hungary on the market that also captures the history of Transylvania as part of the kingdom. There are differences between the two editions: in content (towards the end), in the composition of woodcuts, number of woodcuts, decorative elements or discomposing of letters. For the present research, we have turned to the editions found in the libraries in Cluj-Napoca and Alba Iulia, being particularly concerned with the way of penetration into book holdings and the ownership marks proving the European route of the copies in question."

The subject of the research is the quality of services in the field of social services for the population. The purpose of the work is to conduct research of social services, to provide an analysis of the market of services in the field of social services and methods for assessing the quality of the services under consideration. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the methodology for assessing the quality of services has not yet been definitively established. Identifying problems and inaccuracies in quality assessment will allow us to find a more accurate way to assess the dynamics of the market of services provided. The scientific novelty consists in identifying shortcomings and developing proposals to eliminate them when evaluating the quality of services provided by social service institutions. Considering the analysis of social organizations work and methods of assessing the quality of services provided, the author came to the conclusion that it is necessary to consider a new methodology that takes into account the opinions of consumers and experts, as well as the actual data of institutions.

The text explores the evolution of anthropological perspectives within Christianity, specifically focusing on the concept of rights. It traces the historical shift from a pre-modern emphasis on the social nature of humans to the emergence of individualistic anthropology in the 17th century. The tension between freedom and justice becomes a central theme, with human rights seen as a means of protecting individual autonomy from social coercion. The text explores the concept of personhood in Christianity, emphasising its central role in understanding the Trinitarian identity of God and its significance in Christology. It examines the classical definition of a person as an individual substance of reasonable nature, highlighting its limitations when applied to social aspects of human life. The author expresses scepticism about reconciling the concept of human rights with Christian anthropology, asserting that the rights-focused ethics is rooted in a non-Christian philosophical framework. The conclusion acknowledges the contemporary dominance of the rights-focused ethics but warns against the temptation to create a new "Christianity" compatible with this framework, urging a recognition of the anti-Christian nature of the ethical foundations of the modern Western society.

We report the results of a bibliometric study of 696 empirical articles (EAs) published in TESOL Quarterly (TQ) over its lifespan (1967-2019). We report overall and periodic reviews (1967-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009, 2010-2019) concerning the following themes: (1) contexts and participants, (2) research foci and theoretical orientations, and (3) research methodology and data sources. A typical article was written by a single author addressing a learning/teaching English issue related to undergraduates in US universities. The most common research foci were instruction, learning, and assessment. A quarter of the articles did not have a specifiable theoretical orientation, and for those that had, the main theoretical orientations were linguistic/scientific, linguistic/cognitive, and social. The most frequently used research methodologies were quantitative, qualitative, and eclectic, and the top three data sources used by researchers were elicitation, multiple sources, and observation. Based on the findings, we make suggestions for future research in TESOL. Overall, the present review and analysis of published EAs give readers a birds-eye view of the research gravity in TQ over the last 52 years.

Piperylene is a valuable raw material component for petrochemical synthesis, perfumery and cosmetic products, and is used as a solvent for petroleum products in the production of synthetic rubbers and latexes, and in the paint and varnish industry. Piperylene in the form of a fraction is produced in the production of isoprene by the two-stage dehydrogenation of isopentane, where it is a secondary product of the main synthesis. Isolation of commercial piperylene of high purity will allow the production of a value-added product and expand the sales market. Currently, restrictions on the production of commercial piperylene are associated with the high content of an impurity – cyclopentadiene. Previous studies by the author showed the feasibility of extracting cyclopentadiene at the stage of obtaining the catalyzate of the second stage of isoprene dehydrogenation. Simulation of the technological scheme in the application program showed that, together, the extraction of cyclopentadiene by a chemical method and a change in the technological operating mode makes it possible to isolate piperylene with a content of 99.45 % wt and CPD equal to 0.0046 % wt.

The article is part of the topic related to the protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage. This protection became the subject of a nationwide scientific conference organized in Poznań on June 20, 2022, titled: "The role of international organizations in the protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage. Reflections on the 50th anniversary of adopting the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage". The author deals with the issues of civil and military protection of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict. Hence, the article refers to the 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and the Protocol amending it. This subject is also relevant today in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine. The article also deals with the subject of diplomacy as a tool for creating regulations securing cultural property against destruction and describes the role of international organizations taking up this challenge. Finally, it presents the role of Poland and other countries involved in the process of saving cultural goods in the fighting Ukraine.

The paper discusses gender issues and the reception of female musicians in Slovakia. Using historical analysis, the author examines the establishment of, and behaviour towards, females in various genres from classical to jazz, alternative rock and electronic music. Whilst the acceptance of classical female composers began forty years ago, their jazz and rock counterparts were disadvantaged by a twenty-year delay. It was not until 2000 that female instrumentalists started to gain attention from audiences as drummers, bassists, or guitarists. Based on the evaluation of a survey of Slovakian alternative rock players, a study of their careers, and a comparison of selected artists, the writer analyses issues relating to the acceptance of female composers and instrumentalists in Slovakia. The vast majority of research participants, who are musically educated, identified market size as one of the barriers for female musicians. With regard to audience perception of females on stage, half of the respondents stated that gender predominates, and the rest, on the other hand, believed that the quality of music-making had a greater significance.

Everyday aesthetics, at its core, is based on the supposed dichotomy between art and life, considering life as something routine-like, and art as the breaking of the routine, something charismatic. Different authors of everyday aesthetics use different words to describe this dichotomy. For example, in his article "What is 'Everyday' in Everyday Aesthetics?", Ossi Naukkarinen simply uses everydayness and non-everyday-like, while Arto Haapala, in his "On the Aesthetics of the Everyday: Familiarity, Strangeness, and the Meaning of Place" uses the terms familiarity and strangeness. The authors also propose different ways of bridging this dichotomy. However, as the paper shows, the real question is not how to bridge the dichotomy itself but rather whether the dichotomy exists in the first place. Moreover, the paper suggests a change of direction in future investigations of everyday aesthetics, and focusing on the nuances that exist on the routine-charisma and charismatic-routine spectrum, supported by academic research and the personal account of the paper's author art project. Moreover, the implications of this shift extend beyond the boundaries of everyday aesthetics.

In the article, in historical retrospect, mass holidays characteristic of the Verkhoyansk district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are considered. This area acts as a model territory, where it is possible to trace the formation of local features of the Soviet festive culture. On the one hand, it is the territory of residence of indigenous peo-ples, carriers of the cultural code of nomads and reindeer herders. At the same time, it is a zone of industrial development, where during the Soviet period there was a constant increase in the number of newcomer's pop-ulation. At the junction of ethnic traditions of different peoples, it is possible to trace the processes of accultura-tion, and in a long chronological period to see the elements of transformation of festive culture. The author, based on the analysis of various historical sources, identified local mass holidays, traced the development of the holiday, noted the local characteristics of each. It is emphasized that public festivities not only brightened life in remote settlements of Arctic Yakutia, but also united the society.

The Avatime education system was seriously transformed under the influence of Christian missionaries and European civilization, therefore the author used unstructured interviewing, questioning and the anthropological method of participant observation to reconstruct the autochthonous, pre-colonial worldview and identify the basic principles of the Avatime children's socialization. The most important feature in the autochthonous Avatime culture was the community and the moral principles guarded by the elders: the deities who established these rules were far from people, and ancestral spirits served as mediators between their world and the human world. The elder became the governor — a representative of the people world who knows the traditions but already close to ancestral spirits. Education systems changed depending on the stage of child development. Nevertheless, the goal of education naturally and intuitively pursued from childbirth, remained unchanged and consisted in assimilation of the individual to other members of the community through the formation of their behavior in generally accepted model. Procreation is a public duty, so a child takes the place prepared for him in the lineage, clan, community and in the Universe as a whole.

The article attempts to analyze American approaches to building a world order that would meet the interests of Washington in the post-crisis era. According to the current US National Security Strategy (2022), the modern world order is characterized by a sharp escalation of contradictions between the US and countries such as Russia, China and Iran, while each of these centers of power has its own vision of a just international order, which generates the energy of conflict and leads to the use of force below the level of open hostilities. After a brief historical digression about the causes of the current crisis, the author proceeds to the study of the American vision of the international system, then analyzes the strategy by which the United States will seek to ensure a post-crisis settlement on its own terms. The article substantiates the conclusions about the causes of the current crisis; about the US strategy that will allow Washington to solve the tasks facing it at the present stage; about American approaches to the post-crisis world order.

The author overviews the main results of Russia's chairmanship of the Arctic Council (AC, Council) in 2021-2023, analyses its relationship with domestic and international governance. Four main periods of the Russian chairmanship are defined. It is noted that due to the Ukrainian conflict, the Russian chairmanship was boycotted by Western countries. In the conditions of geopolitical instability, the Russian Federation managed to organise most of the planned events. During this period Russia concentrated on the infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route, the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. However, due to the position of the Western countries, it was not possible for Russia to fully achieve and implement the scheduled activities. It negatively affected the work of the Organising Committee, representative ministries, departments, Arctic regions and scientific organisations. The course of the chairmanship was disorganized. May 2023 Russia remotely handed over the chairmanship of the Arctic Council to Norway, hoping to restore the former status. The Russian Federation believes that the problems of the Arctic region can be solved only through balanced and mutually beneficial international cooperation.

The research focuses on the phenomenon of rapid depopulation of the Balkans. Despite the fact that this process has been going on continuously for three decades, and has been accelerating in recent years, it is not recognised by the local political elites and the European Union as an important threat. Declaring this process as an important threat would open up the question of the causes that led to it. The study reveals that one of the underlying causes of depopulation is the policy of the key EU members, primarily Germany. The affluent members of the European Union solve their own labor shortage problems by excessive emigration of population from the Balkans, which accelerates depopulation of the entire region. The author believes that the problems which arise because of this process can lead to a permanent lag in the development of the Balkans compared to the EU. Depopulation can result in the long-term weakening of state institutions and violating the collective rights of the Balkan peoples, and turning the entire region into a "migrant waiting room" for the European Union.

Abstract
The aim of this article is to show that readings of Riefenstahl as an artistic genius with full control over all aspects of her work have closed off more complex readings of the prologue of her film Olympia (1938). The author argues that we cannot begin to appreciate the density of this section of the film and its complex attitude toward ancient Greece without taking a closer look at the troubled collaboration between Leni Riefenstahl and Willy Zielke as two filmmakers with different visions, preoccupations, methods of work, and degrees of involvement in the making of the prologue. Attention is drawn to the hermeneutic difficulty of policing the boundaries between different types of aesthetics and different types of politics as they are played out in this section of Olympia. The article also teases out some of the difficulties around the question of how to situate the different themes and practices of the prologue within broader cinematic and extra cinematic histories of fascist aesthetics as they intersect with issues of classicism and modern subjectivity.