Suchergebnisse

The current Federal Communications Commission (FCC) review of media ownership rules is likely to be influenced by FCC Chairman Michael Powell's deregulatory, market-oriented bias. Among the rules under review are those prohibiting newspaper-broadcast and broadcast-cable cross-ownership and those placing a ceiling on the number of cable systems or broadcast outlets that any one company can own—all of which have come under attack by industry lobbyists asserting corporate "First Amendment" rights. The likely loss of these public-interest protections will have a profound effect, not only on the public's access to a wide range of antagonistic voices in the traditional media, but also on the evolution of the Internet, which is already reflecting many of the ownership-consolidation patterns of the mass media. The FCC has thus far failed to examine the impact of its media policies on journalism in general and on civic discourse in particular, a failure that is unlikely to be covered by the mainstream press itself, beholden as that institution has become to its corporate owners. It is now time for a much-needed public inquiry, during this critical period of transition, into how the media are structured and how the public is served.

Women reproductive health behaviour (RHB) has generated a lot of interest from researchers across many disciplines because of complications on women health generally. Previous studies on women's RHB had focused on various categories of women and teenagers leading to a gap in literature on women in the tertiary institutions. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which cultural norms/religious belief, peer influence and mass media exposure influenced the RHB of female lecturers in tertiary institutions in South western Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. The purposive sampling technique was used to 540 academic workers from thirteen tertiary institutions in South western Nigeria. Two instruments were used: RHB Scale (r=0.81) and RHB Determinants Scale with sub-scales, cultural/religious belief (r=0.83), mass media (r=0.75), and peer influence (r=0.71). Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance to determine the RHB of female workers. Pearson product moment correlation and content analysis was used to analyse data collected through the questionnaire form the respondents. Seventy-five percent of respondents exhibited good RHB. Their significant strength of relationships with RHB was ranked: religious/cultural belief (r=0. .066); mass media exposure (r=0.070), and peer influence (r=-0.602). Mass media exposure, cultural norms/religious belief and peer influence strongly predicted reproductive health behavior of female lecturers in sampled tertiary institutions. Improvement in the reproductive health behaviour among tertiary institutions female lectures calls for government to encourage and motivate women having two or more children to adopt family planning through mass media messages.

Данная статья посвящена исследованию трансформаций болгарских СМИ в условиях европейской интеграции. Трансформация болгарского общества привела к трансформации системы СМИ и методов ее управления. На практике болгарские СМИ функционируют по схемам коммерческих предприятий, основываясь преимущественно на западном опыте В условиях демократического общества сформировалась новая миссия болгарских общественных СМИ. Она выражается в том, что СМИ должны служить обществу, защищать национальную культуру и культурное разнообразие, стимулировать демократические процессы, социальное, политическое и культурное сближение. Болгарии удалось упорядочить свою законодательную базу в области СМИ и привести ее в соответствие с европейскими нормами и стандартами. Однако медиасектор Болгарии в современных условиях характеризуется доминирующей ролью бизнеса, а не законодательства. ; Th e article focuses on researching the main shift s which have occurred in the Bulgarian mass media system. Such shift s have led to the transformation of the mass media system and the methods of its management. In practice the Bulgarian mass media system is very similar to a commercial enterprise, both are regulated by the same laws. Th e new mission of the Bulgarian mass media, being formed inder conditions of the democratic society, is to serve the society, to protect the national culture and cultural diversity and to stimulate social, political and cultural rapprochement. Bulgaria has managed to put in order and bring into accord its legislation with the European norms and standards. But yet it is the business, not the legislation that mostly infl uences the Bulgarian mass media system.

When public figures make announcements about their illness, audiences may be influenced to change their own health behaviors. However, if a disliked political figure becomes ill, feelings of schadenfreude, or pleasure at another's misfortune, may arise and schadenfreude could predict news consumer's information seeking and health-related intentions. Surveys of audience responses to news of conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh's lung cancer diagnosis ( N = 414) and to news of Republican Senator Rand Paul's COVID-19 diagnosis ( N = 407) found that such illness announcements can evoke schadenfreude, with schadenfreude associated with decreased willingness to undertake preventative health behaviors.

Is announcing a commitment to diversity enough to activate attitudes toward diversity initiatives? And what are the spillover effects of these programs? To address these questions, we conduct an experiment imbedded in a nationally representative survey of non-Hispanic White Americans ( n = 1,519). We inform respondents that the White actor who plays Captain America will be replaced, while varying whether there is a reference to a diversity initiative and whether the replacement is White or Black. We find that reference to diversity initiatives on its own has no effect but the action of displaying diversity affects marketplace preferences and attitudes toward diversity initiatives.

This research seeks to quantify social media's value as a reporting tool for journalists by understanding it as an instrument for accessing personal data. A national survey of reporters at all large and midsize U.S. newspapers shows that journalists place more value on Twitter than Facebook as it relates to professional practice. Evaluation of the various practice-based functions relative to individual journalists' value perceptions suggests that Facebook's value is tied to its use for querying friends and conducting research. Twitter's value was significantly tied to the platform's use for querying followers, performing research, and activities associated with contacting sources.

This volume examines journalism and memorialization in the age of social media, with a particular emphasis on communication in times of crisis. Recognizing that individuals are sharing more actively than ever before, this book investigates the implications of this emerging practice for journalism and mass communication.

Раскрывается понятие массовых коммуникаций, определяется роль СМИ в жизни современного общества. Значение печати, радио и телевидения в современном мире переоценить просто невозможно. Они превратились в мощный инструмент воздействия, охватывая своим влиянием беспрецедентное в истории число людей. Как нет артиста без публики, так нет и СМИ без слушателей, зрителей, читателей. В любом обществе СМИ имеют основания стать социальным институтом. Важнейшая политико-социализационная задача СМИ массовое внедрение основанных на уважении закона и прав человека ценностей, обучение граждан мирно разрешать конфликты, не ставя под сомнение общественный консенсус по основополагающим вопросам государственного устройства. ; The article reveals the idea of mass communications and determines the role of Mass Media in the life of the modern society. Its impossible to overestimate the importance of press, radio and television in the modern society. They have turned into a powerful instrument of influence. As there is no artist without an audience, there are no Mass Media without listeners, spectators and readers. In any society Mass Media have all the grounds to become a social institution. The most important political and socializing task of Mass Media is mass inculcation of values that respect laws and human rights, citizens training to resolve conflicts about fundаmental issues of the state system in a peaceful way without challenging the social consensus.

Болотина Т. А. ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВА И СРЕДСТВ МАССОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ В ДОНЕЦКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ЗАРУБЕЖНОГО ОПЫТА / Т. А. Болотина, И. В. Булах // Сборник научных работ серии «Государственное управление». Вып. 22 : Экономика и управление народным хозяйством . – Донецк : ГОУ ВПО «ДОНАУИГС», 2021. – С. 23 -29. В статье рассмотрена организация взаимодействия государства со средствами массовой информации. Внесены предложения по совершенствованию государственной информационной политике Донецкой Народной Республики на основе опыта зарубежных стран путем повышения эффективности работы системы республиканских средств массовой информации. Ключевые слова: государство, средства массовой информации, правительство, информационная политика, закон, свобода прессы, дотации, государственная поддержка. Bolotina T. A. INTERACTION OF THE STATE AND MASS MEDIA IN THE DONETSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC ON THE BASIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE / T. A. Bolotina, I. V. Bulakh // Collection of scientific works of the series "Public administration". Issue 22: Economics and management of the national economy. - Donetsk, 2021. - P. 23 - 29. The article considers the organization of interaction between the state and the mass media. Proposals were made to improve the state information policy of the Donetsk People's Republic on the basis of the experience of foreign countries by improving the efficiency of the system of republican mass media. Keywords: state, mass media, government, information policy, law, freedom of the press, subsidies, state support.

The proceedings of the Weizenbaum Conference 2021 "Democracy in Flux: Order, Dynamics and Voices in Digital Public Spheres" have been funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) (grant no.: 16DII121, 16DII122, 16DII123, 16DII124, 16DII125, 16DII126, 16DII127,16DII128 – "Deutsches Internet-Institut").

Stereotype threat theory suggests that negative stereotypes and devaluing content in the media impair the cognitive and educational achievement of members of the negatively portrayed groups (e.g., Latino Americans, women), whereas nonstereotyped recipients are not affected or even show reversed effects (stereotype lift). A meta-analysis of 33 experiments ( n = 1,831) yielded an overall mean effect size of d = −0.38 (random effects model) in support of the stereotype threat assumption. The results further involve a check on publication bias and moderator analyses with respect to the portrayed group, the dependent variable (academic identification vs. performance), the media format (ads vs. news vs. entertainment), and the world region in which the study was conducted. A second meta-analysis on the stereotype lift hypothesis yielded an overall mean effect size of d = 0.17 ( k = 12, n = 589, nonsignificant, random effects model). Our meta-analytical findings are in support of stereotype threat theory, indicating that negative stereotypes and devaluing content in the media impair members of negatively stereotyped groups, whereas nonmembers are not affected. Implications and open research questions are outlined.

La democracia moderna exige que el poder que influye en la constitución de la sociedad política pueda ser controlado democráticamente y que ayude a que este sistema se perpetúe como garantía de las libertades de la ciudadanía. Con el desarrollo de las técnicas en las comunicaciones, la prensa hablada y televisada, que utiliza las ondas que son recurso natural del estado, ha adquirido un rol relevante en la vida política de la comunidad. Muchas personas y partidos que nominalmente tiene derecho a participar en las elecciones y las tareas de conducción pública, se ven bloqueados en sus posibilidades de entablar esta relación con el electorado, o ven distorsionado su mensaje por parte de quienes conducen los programas o los titulares mismos de las concesiones. La democracia moderna debe de encontrar remedios para que este fenómeno no se presente, pues con ello se les quita a las personas la verdadera capacidad de elegir, erigiéndose los dueños de los medios en una especie de porteros del sistema democrático que se reservan el derecho de admisión. Este trabajo propone soluciones concretas que compatibilizando los derechos a la conducción de la concesión, impida que a la ciudadanía se le prive de conocer todas las alternativas y que a los actores políticos se les niegue el derecho a participar en el proceso con un mínimo de igualdad y revisa las respuestas que la justicia constitucional ha dado a propuestas previas enderezadas con el mismo fin en el conflicto entre la propiedad privada y la necesidad de servicio público democrático. ; Modern democracy requires the power influencing the constitution of the political society be controlled democratically and help the system to be perpetuated with due guarantees of its citizens' freedoms. With the development of communications technology, radio and television, which use bandwidth that is a natural resource belonging to the state, has acquired a relevant role in political life. People and parties that nominally have rights to participate in public elections and public service, may be blocked from establishing such a relationship with the electorate. Their message may be distorted by those running the programmes or owning the broadcasting concessions. Modern democracy must find remedies to avoid this from happening. Otherwise people's right to choose is undermined and media owners become like goalkeepers of the democratic system, able to reserve rights of admission to their own. This article proposes specific solutions so that the rights to operate a concession are made compatible with guaranteeing that citizens are not deprived of their right to be apprised of all the alternatives and that political actors are not denied the right to participate in the process with a minimum level of equality. It must review the way that constitutional justice has responded to previous proposals to ensure that the conflict between private ownership and a democratic public service is correctly addressed.

The recent coronavirus outbreak is without a doubt a global crisis event that has affected almost all nations of the world. This study aims to contribute to crisis communication research from the audience perspective in Indonesia by presenting the public's media use and gratification sought during the coronavirus outbreak based on a representative national mobile survey with 1,100 respondents. Results show that the majority of Indonesians intensively use (1) private television, (2-4) websites and social media accounts of actors providing information on the crisis and (5) public television to get information regarding the pandemic. The findings indicate that other types of media such as radio and local television are used to a much lower extent. Results also show that there are two media-use gratifications sought during the crisis: (1) information and direction gratification sought and (2) entertainment and comparison gratification sought. Sociodemographic factors such as gender, age and education level demonstrate some significant influence on public media use and the gratification sought during the coronavirus outbreak. Surprisingly, entertainment and comparison sought are demonstrated as having a higher effect on the increasing use of mass media, social media and messenger apps during the crisis event than the information and direction gratification sought.

В статье рассматривается развитие СМИ Республики Мордовия в их связи с общественно-политической жизнью данного региона. В республике с конца 1980-х годов с ростом этнического самосознания народов и появлением национальных общественных объединений наблюдается возрастание роли региональных СМИ в этнополитических и этноконфессиональных процессах. Отмечается, что СМИ играют важную роль в формировании отношений межэтнической толерантности.The article considers the development of mass media of the Republic of Mordovia in connection with social and political life of the region. Since the late 1980s with the growth of ethnic consciousness of the peoples of the republic and the foundation of ethnic public associations the role of regional mass media in ethno-political and ethno-religious processes has increased. The author proves the importance of regional mass media in the development of ethnic tolerance.