Suchergebnisse

The access to Services of General Interest (SGI) is a highly relevant factor for territorial cohesion and in creating economic opportunity. Although the topic of SGI was not on the top of the policy agenda during the last decade, it attracts far more interest since the start of the economic crisis. Moreover, it is likely to be high on the regional development policy agenda for the years to come. The timely and consistent delivery of SGI is critical to the functioning of the modern welfare state which provides implicit and explicit support for the innovative and economically productive parts of the economy. Empirical evidence demonstrates the emergence of such trends in some regions of Europe (ESPON 2013). Historically, rural areas have been disadvantaged when it comes to what is today named as SGI. This has changed during the last decades and three arguments are usually given for this: (1) One of the EU?s key political goals is territorial cohesion, which aims at improving the conditions for the least advantaged regions; (2) SGI forms a central element in the ?European Model of Society?, i.e. access to services is considered a central element of quality of life, and increasing service accessibility a mechanism for overcoming social exclusion and isolation; and (3) SGI addresses the crucial question of what role public authorities should play in societies that are committed to both free markets and social goals (Nugera-Tur et al. 2009). This conclusion can thus be criticised as it only cover the period up to the financial crisis and mainly focuses on infrastructure, i.e. Services of General Economic Interest. SGI is not a homogeneous concept, but contains Services of General Economic Interest and Social Services of General Interest (Foss et al. 2013), and there are significant differences in the provision of Social Services of General Interest (SSGI) at a regional level in the EU (Humer & Palma 2013, Humer 2014). The knowledge gap when it comes to SSGI in rural areas calls for investigation. This paper aims at discussing the provision of SSGI in rural areas and three questions will be addressed: (1) what determines the provision of SSGI in rural areas. (2) How is SSGI provided in rural areas? If we find a gap between how SSGI can be provided and how it is actually provided we face a challenge to overcome which raises the question (3) how can this challenge be addressed?

In general manner; Turkey and Germany are quite unlike countries in terms of transportation infrastructure and logitics facilities. Many reasons, most of them ground historical reasons, could be regarded such as; geographical location, industrial history, economic. For whatever reason might be; in today?s context the world witness the highest logistics performans index score in Germany and an aggressively developing country in Turkey. As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation, Germany leads in developing logistics strategies and services as a key member of the continent's economic and political structure. On the other hand, Turkey has got a real strategic location between the continents but traditionally has problems with transportation mode distribution and interconnectivity of systems that prevent Turkey to undertake the 'hub' role for its region and achieve economic benefit. The efficient mobility of people and freight is a prerequisite for modern economic success. Due to increasing globalization, transportation of freight and logistics play an ever important role in a country's ability to compete in the global market. Global supply chains require a large number of high-performing physical interfaces, such as container terminals, seaports and/or freight villages, to establish a perfect material flow along the entire world. From this point of view; Germany is chosen as the best perfomed country all over the world. Likewise, Turkey needs a kind of a 'benchmarking' in order to overcome transportation and logistics infrastructural and strategic problems. The aim of this paper is to focus on the successful strategic location desicion of freight villages and transportation mode distribution of Germany. In accordance with this purpose, first section of this paper is substantially based on secondary data gathered from a wide variety of sources including Turkish/German Statistical Institutes, Ministries of Transportation, Maritime Affairs and Communication and NGO's of the sector besides European Commision Statistical Office (eurostat) and academic studies. Data gathered is used to point the current transport indicators of Turkey with respect to Germany. Afterwards analyzing the primary transportation and logistics index, the mind behind transportation organisation is presented. Finally; the lessons to be taken for Turkey is presented and future policy in transportation and logistics are guided. The results regarding with the transportation modes indicate that, the finest detail is hidden behind the railway investments and its connections within other transportation modes for Turkey. In a similar manner, Germany's logistics workforce and infrastructure is geographically concentrated along the Rhineland, through the industrial heartland of the Ruhr. But in Turkey, unbalanced regional development force country to polarised development around Marmara Region.

Mit diesem Forschungsbericht liegt die erste modellbasierte Wirkungsabschätzung von Industrie 4.0 auf Arbeitsmarkt und Wirtschaft in Deutschland vor. In einer 5-stufigen Szenario-Analyse werden zunächst die Auswirkungen von erhöhten Investitionen in Ausrüstungen (1) und Bau für ein schnelles Internet (2) auf die Gesamtwirtschaft und den Arbeitsmarkt dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend modellieren wir den daraus folgenden Personal- und Materialaufwand der Unternehmen (3) und eine veränderte Nachfragestruktur nach Berufen und Qualifikationen (4). Die kumulativen Effekte der vier Teil-Szenarien werden mit einem Referenz-Szenario, das keinen fortgeschrittenen Entwicklungspfad zu Industrie 4.0 enthält, verglichen. Darüber hinaus werden in einem weiteren Teil-Szenario Arbeitsmarkteffekte einer möglicherweise steigenden Nachfrage nach Gütern (5) in den Blick genommen und ebenfalls am Referenz-Szenario gespiegelt.Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass Industrie 4.0 den Strukturwandel hin zu mehr Dienstleistungen beschleunigen wird. Dabei sind Arbeitskräftebewegungen zwischen Branchen und Berufen weitaus größer als die Veränderung der Anzahl der Erwerbstätigen insgesamt. Mit den Umwälzungen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt geht eine zunehmende Wertschöpfung einher, die nicht nur zu mehr volkswirtschaftlichen Gewinnen sondern - aufgrund höherer Anforderungen an die Arbeitskräfte - auch zu höheren Lohnsummen führt. Die getroffenen Annahmen wirken zu Gunsten der ökonomischen Entwicklung. Das bedeutet aber auch, dass bei einer verzögerten oder gar verschleppten Umsetzung, die Annahmen sich gegen den Wirtschaftsstandort Deutschlands wenden: Wir werden weniger exportieren und mehr "neue" Güter im Ausland nachfragen. Um ökonomische Erkenntnisse zu den Wirkungen der Digitalisierung weiter zu verbessern, ist eine Fortentwicklung des QuBe-I4.0-Projekts geplant. ; This study focuses on the economic effects of the phenomenon of "industry 4.0", the digitalisation of the production processes. These developments involve considerable challenges at enterprise and political level. The five-step scenario analysis begins with the impacts of increased investments of enterprises in equipment (1) and of the state in the network infrastructure (2) on the overall economy and the labour market. On this basis we further model the consequent personnel and material costs of the enterprises (3) and a changed pattern of demand for occupations and skills (4). The cumulative effects of these four partial scenarios are compared with a baseline scenario which contains no advanced development path to industry 4.0. In a further scenario the effects on the labour market of a potentially increasing demand for goods (5) are taken into consideration and also contrasted with the baseline scenario. The results show that industry 4.0 will accelerate the structural change towards more services. In this process labour force movements between branches and occupations are much larger than the change of the number of employees in total. The turnover on the labour market are accompanied by an increasing value added which is leading not only to more economic assets but also - due to higher requirements for the labour force - to higher aggregate wages. The underlying assumptions have a positive effect on the economic development. But this also means that, given a delayed realization, the assumptions are turning against the business location Germany: We will export less and demand more "new" goods from abroad. In order to improve the economic findings on the effects of digitization, a further development of QUBE-I4.0-project is planned.

The president reconstituted his cabinet in early December, focusing primarily on the economic team. The highly experienced Boediono was appointed as Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, while Sri Mulyani Indrawati was promoted from chair of the planning agency to become Minister of Finance. The former economics coordinating minister, Aburizal Bakrie, was made Coordinating Minister for Social Affairs-out of the economic limelight, but still with considerable influence. These changes overall have been well received by the markets, as indicated by a considerable strengthening of the rupiah. The challenges facing the new cabinet remain immense, however. On a range of macroeconomic variables, performance has fallen well short of the government's targets. Output growth declined to just 4.9% p.a. in the December quarter from 6.5% a year earlier. Investment growth has fallen to a very low level, giving rise to concern about the creation of job opportunities. In a booming global economy, exports grew by only 7.4% in the four quarters to December, despite Indonesia's wealth of natural resources. The inflation rate doubled from September to October to almost 18% p.a., although subsequent price increases have been much slower. The president's anti-corruption campaign continues to generate much attention. The number of corruption cases involving government officials and state enterprise managers brought to the courts continues to increase. Some high-profile cases have resulted in convictions, but others have not. The campaign seems likely also to be extended to judicial reforms, which are clearly crucial, but one urgent issue yet to be tackled directly is the widespread suspicion that funding of major political parties derives largely from abuse of power by government officials. Numerous floods and landslides early in 2006 resulted in deaths, injuries and considerable physical damage. The frequency of such natural disasters has risen significantly over time, suggesting that governments at all levels need to develop mechanisms to manage them and implement policies to mitigate or prevent them. Reconstruction progress in Aceh and Nias during 2005 was disappointingly slow. The reconstruction authority predicts dramatic improvement in 2006, but there appears to be a need to clarify the relationships among its three components, and to make some adjustments to its master plan, particularly in relation to land use planning. A reallocation of available funds among major activities, better coordination of implementing organisations, and a rethinking of conflicts between the authority's roles as implementation agency and coordinating agency may all be needed if the ambitious and urgent targets are to be met.

Стаття присвячена розгляду розвитку Арктичного регіону в умовах сучасних геополітичних трансформацій. Авторка звертає увагу на новий етап розвитку міжнародних відносин в Арктиці, що характеризується комплексом дій багатьох суверенних держав та недержавних суб'єктів по відношенню до даного регіону. Завдяки потеплінню клімату та глобальним процесам у світі, вся міжнародна система управління в Арктиці зазнає змін.Це є результатом тісного геополітичного та економічного зв'язку даного регіону з усім світом. Трансформація сучасної світової системи призводить до необхідності оцінки ефективності взаємодії держав в управлінні та розвитку даного регіону, а також розгляду можливості їх удосконалення. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению развития Арктического региона в условиях современных геополитических трансформаций. Автор обращает внимание на новый этап развития международных отношений в Арктике, который характеризируется комплексом действий многих суверенных государств и негосударственных субъектов по отношению к данному региону. Благодаря потеплению климата и глобальным процессам в мире, вся международная система управления в Арктике изменяется. Это является результатом тесной геополитической и экономической связи данного региона со всем миром.Трансформация современной мировой системы приводит к необходимости оценки эффективности взаимодействия государств в управлении и развитии данного региона, а также рассмотрения возможности их совершенствования ; The Arctic is a region of political interests of the countries. This region will determine the vector of economic and geopolitical development of the planet over the next century. Therefore, it's believed that this century will be the «century of the Arctic». Natural resources and economic potential of the Arctic region plays an important role in the development of the national economy and sustainable development of the regions situated in that zone. Conservation and sustainable development of the Arctic is a necessary condition for its further successful development. The Arctic has a universal global value of its unique nature and a great inflence on the planetary environment.The article is dedicated to review the development of the Arctic region in the conditions of the modern geopolitical transformations. The author pays attention to a new stage of development of international relations in the Arctic, which is characterized by complex actions of many sovereign states and non-state actors towards to the region. Due to the climate warming and global processes in the world, the whole international system of governance in the Arctic is changing. This is the result of close geopolitical and economic ties of the region with the world. The transformation of the modern world system makes it necessary to assess the effectiveness of the cooperation among states in the management and development of this region, as well as to consider the possibility of improving them.

To properly assess the extent of poverty in Kazakhstan it is important to understand the methodology of its definition and measurement. There are three basic concepts of measuring poverty. Absolute poverty is based on the establishment of a living wage or poverty line. The position of the World Bank is dominant in the world in the assessment of absolute poverty. The WB experts use multiple criteria income. An internationally accepted poverty line was established in 2005 at US$ 1.25 (PPP) per person per day. They also used less "hard" indicator of US$ 2 per day (in constant 2005 prices) which is the median poverty line for all developing countries. For the transitional economies WB applies poverty line based on the differential absolute poverty equal to US$ 4.3 (before 1999 – US$ 4), for developed economies – US$ 11. According to a relative concept, the category of poor includes individuals and households with income clearly insufficient to live on prevailing community standards of consumption. This approach is used primarily for the developed countries. For example, in the EU the relative poverty is defined at the level of 60% of the median per capita income. Subjective approach (developed by Leiden University, Netherlands) takes into account people's own estimates of their welfare status. In terms of Kazakhstan, the author states that any one-dimensional approach will fail to estimate the real extent of poverty and deprivation of the population. International and national statistics fail to provide an accurate picture of the number of poor in the country and the dynamics of poverty. According to national and WB statistics, in recent decades Kazakhstan showed substantial progress in reducing poverty. However, this was achieved largely due to maintaining rather low official levels of subsistence and cost of minimum food basket. Establishment of these indicators is mainly determined by political considerations, thus it lacks objectivity. For a country aiming to improve competitiveness of its economy and to achieve the level and quality of life comparable to developed countries the focus on a poverty criteria that is close to the standards of the poorest developing countries is not acceptable. Actually, the poverty situation in Kazakhstan continues to be a serious challenge. This is evidenced by the materials of international statistics based on criteria of poverty for countries in transition; by a quite high proportion of household spending on food and the relatively low (as compared to many Eastern European countries) national poverty line. It is concluded that a large-scale poverty still persists in Kazakhstan despite high rates of economic growth.

Статья посвящена 25летию Закона Союза ССР «Об общих началах местного самоуправления и местного хозяйства в СССР», принятого 9 апреля 1990 года. Он представляет собой первый правовой документ, юридически оформляющий демократическую децентрализацию Советского государства путем создания нового политического института народовластия, тесно связанного с территориальными сообществами. Несмотря на то что Закон создавался в период радикальных изменений общественной жизни, «на переломе эпох» и отражал черты уходящего в прошлое советского строя, в центре его находились новые установления, в которых отчетливо видны признаки нарождающихся общественных отношений, параметры устройства нового государства. Главное внимание в статье уделено истории разработки основополагающих идей местного самоуправления. И хотя некоторые правовые определения Закона потеряли свою актуальность, важнейшие его идеи не могли устареть и являются ориентирами для современного устройства местной власти в Российской Федерации, в частности это определяющее участие населения в решении вопросов местного значения, территориальная определенность местного самоуправления, экономическая самостоятельность местной власти, муниципальная собственность, сбалансированность полномочий и их финансового обеспечения, организационная самостоятельность местного самоуправления. В статье анализируется, как эти принципы осуществляются в настоящее время. ; The article is devoted to the twentyfifth anniversary of the USSR Law "On general principles of local selfgovernment and local economy in the USSR". Adopted on April 9, 1990, the Law represents the first legal document that legally sets forth democratic decentralization of the Soviet state by creating a new political institute of grassroots democracy which is closely linked to territorial communities. The Law was created in the period of radical changes in the social life, "at the crisis point of eras" and reflected the features of the Soviet system that was receding into the past. But in the focus of the Law there were the new rules, which clearly demonstrated visible signs of the newly emerging social relations, the parameters of the mechanism of the new government. The article focuses on the history of developing the fundamental ideas of local selfgovernment. Although some legal definitions contained in the Law, have lost its relevance, its core ideas could not become outdated and serve as guidelines for presentday establishment of local authorities in the Russian Federation. For example, determinative participation of the population in the solution of issues of local significance, territorial determinancy of local selfgovernment, economic independence of local authorities, municipal property, the balance between powers and their financial support, organizational independence of the local government. The article analyzes how these principles are currently being implemented.

В статье рассмотрено место нефтегазового комплекса (НГК) в экономике России и глобальной системе энергообеспечения. Изучены показатели, характеризующие уровень развития нефтяного и газового сектора страны. С помощью статистических данных выполнен анализ относительно перспектив развития изучаемой отрасли. В ходе нынешней политической и экономической обстановки в стране и в мире, рассмотрено влияние введенных санкций, которые непосредственно коснулись НГК и вызвали затруднения в добыче сырья, а также поставили под удар осуществление разработанного проекта "интеллектуальные" месторождения. Основным способом устранения дестабилизации НГК автор видит развитие инновационных проектов, которые помогут значительно увеличить инвестиционную привлекательность отрасли, простимулировать ее стабильное развитие и создать дополнительные возможности для участников рынка. Также эти меры позволят обрести независимость от поставок оборудования и технологий из-за рубежа, в частности из США и Китая. Одной из основных задач НГК является снижение себестоимости добычи нефти и газа, и здесь автор предлагает наряду с развитием технологий масштабно осуществить проект "интеллектуальные" месторождения в удаленных районах нефтедобычи. В статье представлены результаты подобных мер в других странах и перспективы их использования в России. Также сформирован понятийный аппарат, и оценочные суждения относительно принимаемых мер. ; In article the place of an oil and gas complex (OGC) in economy of Russia and global system of power supply is considered. The indicators characterizing a level of development of oil and gas sector of the country are studied. By means of statistical data the analysis concerning prospects of development of the studied branch is made. During a present political and economic situation in the country and in the world, influence of the imposed sanctions which directly concerned oil and gas industry is considered and caused difficulties in production of raw materials, and also fields endangered implementation of the developed intellectual project. In the main way of elimination of destabilization of oil and gas industry the author sees development of innovative processes which will help to increase considerably investment appeal of branch, to stimulate its stable development and to create additional opportunities for participants of the market. Also these measures will allow find independence of supplies of equipment and technologies from abroad, in particular from the USA. One of the main objectives of oil and gas industry is decrease in cost of oil and gas production, and here the author suggests carry out on a substantial scale along with development of technologies the intellectual project fields in remote areas of oil production. Results of similar measures in other countries and prospects of their use in Russia are presented in article. The conceptual frame work, and estimated judgments of rather taken measures is also created.

The president reconstituted his cabinet in early December, focusing primarily on the economic team. The highly experienced Boediono was appointed as Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, while Sri Mulyani Indrawati was promoted from chair of the planning agency to become Minister of Finance. The former economics coordinating minister, Aburizal Bakrie, was made Coordinating Minister for Social Affairs-out of the economic limelight, but still with considerable influence. These changes overall have been well received by the markets, as indicated by a considerable strengthening of the rupiah. The challenges facing the new cabinet remain immense, however. On a range of macroeconomic variables, performance has fallen well short of the government's targets. Output growth declined to just 4.9% p.a. in the December quarter from 6.5% a year earlier. Investment growth has fallen to a very low level, giving rise to concern about the creation of job opportunities. In a booming global economy, exports grew by only 7.4% in the four quarters to December, despite Indonesia's wealth of natural resources. The inflation rate doubled from September to October to almost 18% p.a., although subsequent price increases have been much slower. The president's anti-corruption campaign continues to generate much attention. The number of corruption cases involving government officials and state enterprise managers brought to the courts continues to increase. Some high-profile cases have resulted in convictions, but others have not. The campaign seems likely also to be extended to judicial reforms, which are clearly crucial, but one urgent issue yet to be tackled directly is the widespread suspicion that funding of major political parties derives largely from abuse of power by government officials. Numerous floods and landslides early in 2006 resulted in deaths, injuries and considerable physical damage. The frequency of such natural disasters has risen significantly over time, suggesting that governments at all levels need to develop mechanisms to manage them and implement policies to mitigate or prevent them. Reconstruction progress in Aceh and Nias during 2005 was disappointingly slow. The reconstruction authority predicts dramatic improvement in 2006, but there appears to be a need to clarify the relationships among its three components, and to make some adjustments to its master plan, particularly in relation to land use planning. A reallocation of available funds among major activities, better coordination of implementing organisations, and a rethinking of conflicts between the authority's roles as implementation agency and coordinating agency may all be needed if the ambitious and urgent targets are to be met.

В связи с происходящими политическими событиями в мире наметились определенные изменения в деятельности банковского сектора России и в частности в деятельности банков с иностранным участием в капитале. В статье рассматривается деятельность банков с участием иностранного капитала в Российской Федерации на современном этапе. Среди наиболее выраженных тенденций в деятельности можно отметить значительное сокращение числа действующих кредитных организаций, в том числе с иностранным участием. Заявленная большинством банков с участием нерезидентов в капитале среднесрочная стратегия деятельности свидетельствует о дальнейшем сокращении масштабов деятельности в России. Еще одной тенденцией 2014-2015 года снижение прибыльности и рентабельности банков. В статье проведен анализ данных о прибыльности и рентабельности банковского сектора за последние два года, также уделено внимание опыту ряда крупнейших банков с иностранным участием в капитале, которые в противовес большинству банков демонстрируют рост финансовых показателей. В статье также уделено внимание изменению структуры портфеля оказываемых услуг в сторону увеличения корпоративного сектора. Также рассмотрена проблема вывоза капитала в 2014-2015 крупневшими банками с участием нерезидентов в капитале банка. На основе представленного анализа фактических данных о функционировании банков с иностранным участием в России в 2013-2015 годах обозначены перспективы развития. ; In connection with the current political developments in the world there have been some changes in the Russian banking sector, and in particular in the activities of banks with foreign capital participation. The article discusses the activities of banks with foreign capital in the Russian Federation at the present stage. Among the most pronounced trends in activity can be noted a significant reduction in the number of credit institutions, including foreign participation. Claimed by the majority of banks with non-residents in the capital of the mid-term business strategy indicates a further reduction in the activities in Russia. Another trend of 2014-2015 is the decrease in profitability and efficiency of banks. The article analyzes data on the profitability and efficiency of the banking sector over the past two years, also focus on the experience of some of the largest banks with foreign capital, which, in contrast to most banks show growth of financial indicators. The article is focused on the restructuring of the portfolio of services in the direction of increasing the corporate sector. Also, the problem of the export of capital in 2014-2015 is very important for the Russian economy. On the basis of the analysis of the evidence on the operation of foreign banks in Russia in 2013-2015 marked prospects.

Статья подготовлена преимущественно на документах из Архива внешней политики РФ, Российского архива социально-политической истории и Российского архива экономики. Значительная часть источников вводится в научный оборот впервые. В публикации доказывается большая, а подчас определяющая роль одного из первых большевистских дипломатов («полулегального полпреда» РСФСР в Веймарской республике) Виктора Леонтьевича Коппа в становлении многосторонних советско-германских научных связей в 1919 1921 гг. В частности, обращено внимание на его участие в создании нормальных условий работы для специалистов из России, въехавших в Германию, отмечена деятельность этого дипломата в реализации заказов Москвы на новейшую зарубежную общеобразовательную и специальную литературу, подчеркнута вовлеченность В. Л. Коппа в открытие Берлинского Бюро иностранной науки и техники, которое для российских ученых в условиях международной изоляции большевистского режима стало прорывным в деле возобновления регулярных контактов с иностранными коллегами. Кроме того, в представленной статье с опорой на архивные источники впервые в историографии показана роль В. Коппа в осуществлении проекта кремлевских вождей по организации массовой миграции рабочих и инженеров из Веймарской Германии в РСФСР. При этом особое внимание обращено на неудачи и даже скандалы, возникшие при реализации этого проекта в начале 1920-х гг. ; The paper is based on the documents stored in the Archive of the Russian Foreign Policy, the Russian Archive of Social and Political History and the Russian Archive of Economy. A considerable part of the documents is published and introduced into scientific use for the first time. We prove the defining role of one of the first Bolshevik diplomats V. L. Kopp (the partly empowered RSFSR representative in the Weimar Republic) in the formation of many-sided Soviet-German scientific tights in 1919 1921. Special attention is paid to his participation in establishing good working conditions for the specialists from Russia; the author also notes the activities of this diplomat devoted to the realization of orders for new general and special literature from abroad received from Moscow. The paper emphasizes Kopp's involvement into the establishment of Berlin Bureau for foreign science and technology, which was significant for the Russian scientists to renew the regular contacts with foreign colleagues under the conditions of global isolation. It is for the first time in historiography that the paper, basing on the archive sources, marks the role of V. Kopp in the implementation of Kremlin's project of organizing mass migration of workers and engineers from Weimar Germany to the RSFSR. But for all that the author pays special attention to failures and even scandals that occured during the realization of this plan.

Современная внутренняя обстановка в России, её международно-политическое положение настоятельно требуют усиления патриотической деятельности, активизации патриотического воспитания молодежи, в том числе и курсантов морского вуза. Патриотизм это мощный фактор развития личности, а также решения задач преобразования экономики страны и российского общества, укрепления государства, его защиты в мирное и военное время. В статье на основе анализа исследований и публикаций отечественных ученых рассматривается сущность государственного патриотизма и государственно-патриотического воспитания курсантов морского вуза. Государственно-патриотическое воспитание как педагогическая проблема во все времена предполагало формирование у молодежи на основе патриотического идеала государственно-патриотического сознания, государственно-патриотического поведения базирующего на высоких патриотических чувствах и убеждениях. Это направление всегда занимало особое место в духовной жизни общества, в идеологической работе, в педагогической науке и практике. Ныне активизация патриотической деятельности, усиление патриотического воспитания курсантов, акцентирование государственных позиций в воспитательно-патриотической работе с учащимися морского вуза это государственная необходимость и социальный заказ. Результатом государственно-патриотического воспитания курсантов морского вуза следует считать сформированные у каждого из них в процессе обучения в вузе государственных взглядов и убеждений, государственного мышления и мировоззрения, государственной позиции по отношению к современным реалиям, государственного подхода к порученному делу ; Modern internal situation in Russia, its international political position strictly require strengthening patriotic activity and patriotic education of young people, including cadets of maritime university. Patriotism is a great factor of development of a personality, it also helps to develop economy of the country and Russian society, to strengthen a country and defend it in the period of war and peace. In the article the essence of state patriotism and state patriotic education of cadets of maritime university is viewed on the basis of analysis of Russian scientists'research and publications. State-patriotic education as a pedagogical problem has always suggested formation of young people ideals of state-patriotic consciousness, state-patriotic conduct, based on high feelings and beliefs. This trend has always had a special place in the life of Russian society, in ideological work, in pedagogical science and practice. At the present time intensifying of patriotic activity, strengthening of patriotic education of cadets, deepening of state position in educational and patriotic work with students of maritime university are state necessity and social demand. As the result of state-patriotic education of cadets of maritime university is formation of state feelings and beliefs, state thinking and worldview, state position concerning modern realities, state approach to the work entrusted in the process of cadets' studying in the university

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы экономики отраслевого производства зерна риса. Необходимость повышения эффективности бизнеса риса сегодня диктуется политическими и экономическими санкциями, потребностями общества в полном импортозамещении этого важного продукта. Государственное регулирование развития рисовой отрасли проводится комплексом экономических и административных инструментов. К системе экономических государственных мероприятий можно отнести: ценовой рыночный контроль по рису и производные продукты из него, поддержка доходов сельхозтоваропроизводителей, лизинг с участием государства, маркетинг продукции, развитие инфраструктуры зернового рынка. Наряду с этим система административных мер государства включает сертификацию и стандартизацию риса и его зернопродуктов, контроль за качеством зерна, а также продуктов его переработки, лицензирование работы предприятий, карантинную защиту, статистический учет состояния рынка риса. Эти меры призваны обеспечить равные условия конкуренции отечественного и импортного риса, стимулировать приток инвестиций и расширение внутреннего производства, повышение прибыльности бизнеса риса, что позволит рисовым хозяйствам осуществлять дорогостоящий ремонт оросительных систем и капитальную планировку чеков. В статье говорится о том, чтобы отрасль оставалась конкурентоспособной и при отмене импортных таможенных барьеров в рамках ВТО необходимо вкладывать дополнительные значительные средства в поддержание инфраструктуры с целью повышения эффективности бизнеса риса ; The article deals with topical questions of economy industry production of rice grain. The need for improving the business efficiency of rice today is dictated by political and economic sanctions, the needs of our society in full substitution of this important product. State stimulation of rice development today is carried out through a complex of economic and administrative activities. The economic measures of the state include: price control on rice price and processing products, support of agricultural producers' incomes, leasing involving the state, marketing of products, and infrastructure development of the grain market. The system of public administrative measures also includes standardization and certification of grain products, control quality of grain and products of its processing, the quarantine protection, licensing activities organizations, and mandatory statistical account of the rice market. These measures are intended to ensure equal conditions of competition between local and imported rice, to spur investment and expansion of domestic production, increase profitability of rice, allowing the rice enterprises to carry out expensive irrigation systems repairs and capital inputs in lot lend. The article suggests that rice branch industry remains competitive and with abolition of import customs barriers within frameworks WTO. It is necessary to invest more heavily in infrastructure with the aim of improving business efficiency of rice

Résumé :D"un point de vue économique, les liens entre le formel et l"informel sont soutenus par des réseaux sociaux, politiques et culturels. En ce sens que la structuration du territoire se fait par les réseaux sociaux qui constituent en soi des facteurs explicatifs de la distribution des activités économiques. D"où la nécessité de la reconstitution de ces réseaux et la compréhension des processus de leurs territorialisation. Notre recherche a pour objet l"analyse des dynamiques de construction des territoires par l"action des acteurs qui sont insérés dans divers réseaux. Cette analyse se fait par la mobilisation des travaux sur le capital social et ceux de l"économie des proximités. A quelle logique obéit la structuration du territoire à Béjaia ? quel type de capital social est-il mobilisé ? La proximité géographique joue t-elle un rôle de catalyseur des dynamiques territoriales à Béjaia ? De quelle nature sont les espaces émergents et sont –ils performants et pérennes ? C"est à l"ensemble de ces questions que nous tenterons de répondre dans le présent papier , à travers la présentation des résultats de plusieurs recherche empirique sur la dynamique des acteurs à Béjaia et son impact sur ce territoire.SummaryFrom an economic point of view, the links between the formal and the informal are supported by social, political and cultural networks. In the sense, that the structuring of the territory is made by the social networks which establish in itself explanatory factors of the distribution of economic activities. Where from the necessity of the reconstruction of these networks and the understanding of the processes of their territorialisation. Our research has for object the analysis of the dynamics of construction of territories by the action of the actors who are inserted into diverse networks. This analysis is made by the mobilization of the works on the share capital and those of the economy of the closenesses. In what logic obeys the structuring of the territory Béjaia? What type of share capital is it mobilized? The geographical closeness plays it a role of catalyst of the territorial dynamics to Béjaia? Of what nature are the emergent spaces and are - they successful and long-lasting? It is in the set of these questions which we shall try to answer in the present paper, through the presentation of the results of several empirical research on the dynamics of the actors to Bejaia.

The international integration of the Russian economy is connected to the need of the realization of the competitive advantages of the geopolitical position of Russia, the industrial potential of regions, the logistic infrastructure of transport corridors. This article discusses the design model of the supply chain (distribution network) based on the multivariate analysis and the methodology of the substantiation of its configuration based on the cost factors and the level of the logistics infrastructure development. For solving the problem of placing one or more logistics centers in the service area, a two-stage algorithm is used. At the first stage, the decisions on the reasonability of the choice of one or another version of the development are made with the use of the Make or Buy standard model. The criterion of decision making is the guaranteed overcoming of the threshold of indifference taking into account the statistical characteristics of costs for options of buy and make depending on the volume of consumption of goods or services. At the second stage, the Ardalan's heuristic method is used for the evaluation of the choice of placing one or more logistics centers in the service area. The model parameters are based on the assessment of the development prospects of the region and its investment potential (existence and composition of employment, production, natural resources, financial and consumer opportunities, institutional, innovation, infrastructure capacity). Furthermore, such criteria as a regional financial appeal, professionally trained specialists, the competitive advantages of the promoted company and others are analyzed. An additional criterion is the development of the priority matrix, which considers such factors as difficulties of customs registration and certification, a level of regional transport infrastructure development, political risks and others. Fixing of regional consumers to this or that distribution center can be proved by the solution of open type transport problem. The result of the research is the development of optimal variants for placement of distribution centers based on the multivariate analysis. This model can be used in designing networks to promote products in the territories and regions whose accelerated socio-economic development is supposed. ; Рассмотрены модель проектирования цепи поставки на основе многофакторного анализа и методика обоснования ее конфигурации по факторам затрат и уровню развития логистической инфраструктуры. Представлен двухэтапный алгоритм, для решения задачи размещения одного или нескольких логистических центров на обслуживаемой территории.