The social-economic barriers in regulating artisanal small scale gold mining (ASGM) in Alas Subdistric in West Nusa Tenggara ; Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin dan Public Health: Studi Kualitatif di Nusa Tenggara Barat

Abstract

Purpose:To analyze the factors influencing the implementation of regulation on the existence of Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) in Alas District, Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province.Method: This research is qualitative descriptive research with the determination of informants using snowball sampling. Data analysis using data analysis from Miles & Huberman.Results:Factors driving the number of unlicensed gold mining at Alas are economic factors. The availability of insufficient jobs and low economic status is the reason (ASGM) perpetrators retain jobs as illegal miners. Another factor is weak regulation. The government has not set the People Mining Area as a condition of issuing the Mining Permit for the People so that (ASGM) operations are still operational.Conclusion: The dominant factor causing PETI sustainability in Alas sub-district is the economic factor. Policies on the existing mineral mining can not function properly because Alas sub district has not been determined by the mining area of the people so that people do not get the permits of the people's mining ; Tujuan: Melindungi penduduk, terutama yang miskin, dari zat berbahaya di lingkungan mereka hidup menjadi tugas utama dari lembaga public health, Meski demikian, pemerintah daerah masih mengabaikan praktik penambangan rakyat yang membahayakan lingkungan di wilayah tempat penduduk tinggal. Penelitian ini mendokumentasi satu penamabngan liar di sebuah kabupaten dengan status ekonomi dan lapangan kerja yang rendah di Nusa Tenggara Barat.Metode:Data berasal dari 18 responden yang dianggap mengetahui tentang aktivitas PETI dan kebijakan mengenai PETI di Kecamatan Alas Kabupaten Sumbawa. Mereka adalah penambang liar dan anggota masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar penambangan di Kecamatan Alas, pejabat di Balai Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, Dinas Kesehatan, polisi sektor Alas, Camat, Puskesmas dan Kepala Desa. Hasil: Pertambangan emas tanpa izin terjadi karena lapangan kerja yang kurang dan status ekonomi yang rendah. Kedua hal ini mendorong toleransi dalam pembuatan dan apa lagi penegakan regulasi. Karena pemerintah tidak menetapkan daerah tambah sebagai wilayah penambangan rakyat, maka rakyat pun tidak bisa memiliki izin untuk menambang. Upaya tim operasi gabungan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah daerah untuk mensosialisasi tentang dampak yang dapat timbul akibat keberadaan PETI merupakan instrumen yang lemah dalam upaya melindungi perusakan lingkungan yang merugikan public health. Simpulan: Studi kasus ini menunjukkan lemahnya stakeholder pemerintah daerah dalam memperjuangkan kepentingan public health. Harus ada tekanan kepada pemerintah daerah mencari solusi dalam kesempatan kerja dan menjadikan daerah tambah sebagai tempat yang mendapat izin untuk masyarakat mencari pekerjaan dan aman bagi public health. Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining in Alas of Sumbawa District of Nusa Tenggara Barat: a Qualitative Study in Alas of West Nusa TenggaraPurpose. Protecting people's health, in particular the poor, from harmful substances in their living environment is the main task of public health institutions. However, local governments pay little attention to the practice of community mining which endangers the environment in the area people lives. This study documents illegal mining in a district with low economic status and lack of employment in West Nusa Tenggara.Method: Data came from 18 respondents who were considered to know the practices and policies regarding PETI in Alas of Sumbawa Regency. They are illegal miners and community members who live around the mining in Alas Subdistrict, officials at the Energy and Mineral Resources Office, Environment Agency, district health office, local police, subdistrict head, public health centres, and village administrators.Results: Gold mining without permission occurs due to lack of employment and low economic status. Both of these encourage tolerance in manufacturing and what else is regulatory enforcement. Because the government does not stipulate additional areas as a community mining area, the people cannot have permission to mine. The efforts of the joint operations team made by the local government to socialize the impacts that could arise due to the presence of PETI are a weak instrument in an effort to protect environmental destruction that is detrimental to public health.Conclusion: This case study shows the weakness of local government stakeholders in promoting people's public health when dealing with income generating activities with negative long-term public health consequences. Environmental activist should help the local government to find solutions for the poor to be able to get income legally and at the same time create a safe place for people living around the gold mining area.