Influence of the socialist ideology on the conception of multi-family housing: New urban landscape and the typological models of housing units ; Uticaj socijalističke ideologije na koncepciju višeporodičnog stanovanja - novi urbani pejzaž i tipološki modeli stambenih jedinica

Abstract

The paper explores the ideological influences in the period of the socialist system on the new urban landscape, and also on design of the typological models of residential units built in Belgrade. After the Second World War, one of the main policy goals of socialism was to solve the housing problems of Belgrade, by building the modern, serially manufactured and economical housing architecture. The period of intensive construction of housing architecture of Belgrade in the period of socialist self-management is primarily related to the achieved quality of housing in this period in terms of environment humanization and functional organization of housing units. This paper explores new concepts and principles of housing architecture with the emphasis on the impact of spatial-functional apartment transformation on the family lifestyle and the formation of a new socialist culture of dwelling. Since the problem of housing is interdisciplinary, the transformation is studied out through detecting the relations of cause and effect among ideological social changes, culture of habitation, technical and technological criteria and functional-spatial house structure. The modern housing urbanism and architecture has become a representation of social, political, economic, demographic and cultural changes of the period. ; Rad istražuje ideološke uticaje na urbani pejzaž, kao i na projektovanje tipoloških modela stambenih jedinica izgrađenih u Beogradu u periodu socijalističkog sistema. Posle Drugog svetskog rata, jedan od glavnih strateškh ciljeva socijalizma bio je rešavanje stambenog problema Beograda izgradnjom moderne, serijski proizvedene i ekonomične stambene arhitekture. Period intenzivne stambene izgradnje u Beogradu u periodu od samoupravnog socijalizma se prvenstveno povezuje sa ostvarenim kvalitetom stanovanja u smislu humanizacije okruženja i funkcionalne organizacije stambenih jedinica. Ovaj rad istražuje nove koncepte i principe stambene arhitekture sa akcentom na uticaju prostorno-funkcionalane transformacije stana na stil života i formiranje nove socijalističke kulture stanovanja. Imajući u vidu da je problem stanovanja interdisciplinaran, transformacija se istražuje kroz uspostavljanje uzročno-posledičnih veza između ideoloških društvenih promena, kulture stanovanja, tehničko-tehnoloških kriterijuma i prostorno- funkcionalne strukture stambene jedinice. Moderna stambena arhitektura i urbanizam su posmatrani kao reprezentacija društvenih, političkih, ekonomskih, demografskih i kulturnih promena u periodu socijalizma.