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High Speed Rail's (HSR) main objective is to attract air passengers between big metropolitan areas however the main territorial implications in many cases occur not in these metropolitan areas but in the intermediate cities. These implications open up new spatial planning possibilities such as decentralization, new regional centres and urban renewal projects. This book presents the experience of 20 years of HSR in Spain including some explicit information, arguments and conclusions derived from HSR in other European countries. It debates the HSR territorial implications at three scales : national, regional and local, thus being of interest for strategic debates at those scales, such as the decision of new national lines, the pros and cons of deviating the line to reach minor intermediate cities or the selection of precise locations for new stations and the development projects in their surroundings. Comparisons with the recent changes in accessibility, spatial distribution of population and activities, are made with mobility for working purposes and with the characteristics of the HSR passengers. This book also examines the actions, strategies and urban projects that medium size cities can use to make best use of HSR opportunities, synthesising the experience of HSR medium cities in Spain and Europe. The book's conclusions will be of interest, over and above scholars, to transport infrastructure decision makers, city and regional planners and managers, and transport companies.

National audience ; Mitigation banking in Germany (Ökokonto) has developed since the 1990s. In order to compare the French and German mitigation banking systems, we carry out an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to highlight the characteristics of compensation by Ökokonto. The main ecological, territorial and organisational implications are highlighted in order to draw first lessons for the French practice of mitigation banking. ; La compensation mutualisée en Allemagne (Ökokonto) s'est développée dès les années 1990. Dans la perspective d'une mise en regard des systèmes de compensation mutualisée français et allemand, nous proposons une analyse « Atouts, Faiblesses, Opportunités et Menaces » pour souligner les caractéristiques de la compensation par Ökokonto. Les principales implications écologiques, territoriales mais aussi organisationnelles sont mises en avant pour ensuite en tirer de premiers enseignements vis-à-vis de la pratique française de la compensation mutualisée.

In the Global South, many ongoing public transport improvement initiatives are based on a complete restructuring of the existing system. More often than not, plans call for an eventual absorption of incumbent operators into a new "formal" system or for a more radical eradication. These operators are often considered by city authorities to be the cause of inefficient transport systems. When implementing bus-rapid-transit-based plans, public transport improvement initiatives typically propose the transformation of paratransit-based direct services into feeder-trunk-distributor models that introduce new "formal" and "modern" modes. The move from direct services to feeder-trunk-distributor services can, however, have significant implications for travel patterns within the urban territory. Formal feeder-trunk-distributor public transport systems are more rigid than the paratransit-based model they are meant to replace. Some areas of cities in the Global South, generally located in peripheral zones, are growing and changing rapidly, and as such they ideally require a public transport system that is flexible and demand-responsive to fulfill their residents' basic access needs. With the introduction of formal-only trunk-and-feeder schemes, some of these benefits of paratransit services are lost. Without disregarding the need for paratransit upgrade in terms of operations and business practices, it is argued that complementarity between formal and paratransit services is possible within a feeder-trunk-distributor model. Such complementarity should eventually lead to more equitable and sustainable public transport systems in cities that are changing fast and where the development of paratransit operators has, in one way or another, contributed to the inclusion of the poorest sectors of society in the city.

In the framework of the expansion of capital in Argentina, the province of LaPampa is positioned as the first producer of hunting reserves and fields registered for that activity, with more trophies and tourists. However, this item is not limited to the practice of hunting both native and introduced wildlife. The "package" of the game involves access to the purchase of the land by foreign investors, a new enhancement of the spinal ecoregion by the abundance of wildlife and the possibility of hunting with a more flexible legislation than the existing one in bordering provinces. In this context, hunting attracts extra-local capital and is promoted by various publicorganisms. The accumulation of spatial images that appear in tourist documents and investment guides express certain representations about the hunting activity and certain territorial readings about the province of La Pampa, produced in situated contexts. In this framework, it is interesting to address in this article how the activity is promoted and what the "package" of hunting implies territorially. For the development of the work, the empirical basis was built with official statistical sources that were triangulated with interviews to owners of game reserves, hunting guides andhunting operators, carried out in different opportunities between 2013 and 2017.The research indicates that the provincial government has intervened actively and in a sustained manner from different agencies over time. These elements were generating a territorial imaginary around hunting with different intentions according to the programs and institutions that promoted it. Likewise, private agents have promoted the activity together with the sale of the land. The business is not limited to the purchase and sale of fields and the opening of game reserves, but also to the establishment of breeding sites, as an associated and alternative activity. The progress of these rural estates coincides with the growth of foreign ownership of land and thearrival of new agents in the Pampa ...

El grado de madurez alcanzado por los destinos turísticos clásicos adscritos al modelo de sol y playa masivo, aconseja el desarrollo de medidas de política turística que permitan la redefinición de los productos turísticos litorales. En este sentido, se plantea el aspecto de la introducción de elementos de la denominada oferta turística complementaria como un argumento adecuado en pro de la diversificación de los mismos. Asimismo, la importancia otorgada por la demanda turística a nuevas fórmulas de ocio, señala al turismo como una actividad susceptible de incorporar políticas territoriales orientadas al reequilibrio socioeconómico de espacios regionales, en una dialéctica litoral-interior basada en la complementariedad de las ofertas turísticas desarrolladas a partir de las potencialidades endógenas locales. ; L'apuisement des destins touristiques balneaires conseille le développement des mesures orientées vers la redéfinition des produits touristiques balneaires. Doncs, on expose l'insertion des offres touristiques complementaires comme une voie adéquate pour leur diversification. Pareillement, l'importance des nouveaux experiences de loisir remarquent le tourisme comme une activité susceptible de rattacher des politiques territoriales orientées vers le reéquilibre sociaux et économique des espaces regionaux, dans une dialectique littoral-interieur basée à la function complementaire des offres touristiques developpées a partir des potentialités locales.

L'apuisement des destins touristiques balneaires conseille le développement des mesures orientées vers la redéfinition des produits touristiques balneaires. Doncs, on expose l'insertion des offres touristiques complementaires comme une voie adéquate pour leur diversification. Pareillement, l'importance des nouveaux experiences de loisir remarquent le tourisme comme une activité susceptible de rattacher des politiques territoriales orientées vers le reéquilibre sociaux et économique des espaces regionaux, dans une dialectique littoral-interieur basée à la function complementaire des offres touristiques developpées a partir des potentialités locales. ; El grado de madurez alcanzado por los destinos turísticos clásicos adscritos al modelo de sol y playa masivo, aconseja el desarrollo de medidas de política turística que permitan la redefinición de los productos turísticos litorales. En este sentido, se plantea el aspecto de la introducción de elementos de la denominada oferta turística complementaria como un argumento adecuado en pro de la diversificación de los mismos. Asimismo, la importancia otorgada por la demanda turística a nuevas fórmulas de ocio, señala al turismo como una actividad susceptible de incorporar políticas territoriales orientadas al reequilibrio socioeconómico de espacios regionales, en una dialéctica litoral-interior basada en la complementariedad de las ofertas turísticas desarrolladas a partir de las potencialidades endógenas locales.

Much of the policy analysis of spatial planning today focuses on governance or multi-level governance in the sense of tracing vertical and horizontal linkages and integration of relevant stakeholders (particularly from the bottom-up). Thus far, little attention has been paid to the more specific territorial dimensions of governance or how knowledge of territorial specificities and the territorial impacts of various courses of action are used in policy- and decision-making. This paper presents the conceptual and practical implications of the 'ESPON TANGO' – project (Territorial Approaches for New Governance). To that end a framework of analysis was developed to systematically conceptualise, operationalise and explore territorial governance processes. Some of the main empirical findings from twelve case studies across Europe are synthesised along 20 components of territorial governance. These components are representative of the structural and process-oriented facets of territorial governance. It will be argued that our analytical framework offers various entry points to understand the main elements and characteristics of territorial governance and thus adds clarity to the debate on what territorial governance is. It also offers a more practical access to doing territorial governance to support practitioners and policy makers at any level to promote territorial governance.

Funding agency: European Commission (grant nr. 691192), Spanish Government (grant nr. ECO2014-58472-R), Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (grant nr. UID/ECO/00124/2013), Social Sciences Data Lab (grant nr. LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER00772222209 ) ; This paper examines the key antecedents and implications of territorial servitization in Central Europe and the Mediterranean. Territorial servitization is analyzed using 17 Spanish and 38 German NUTS-2 regions during the period 2010–14. The results indicate that, in terms of market size and economic activity, territorial servitization is significantly higher in regions with more knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) deepening and where air and maritime transport have positive effects on territorial servitization. Interestingly, while the results confirm a positive relationship between patents and territorial servitization, patents show decreasing returns. Important implications for research, firms and policy-makers are discussed. ; authorsversion ; published

The book deals with the secession/separation of territorial entities and the legal consequences that derive from it both for the parent state and for the seceded/separated entity or the entity that intends to secede/separate. This subject is approached from the triple perspective of international law, comparative law, and Spanish law. International law, because it is this legal system which contains the general legal framework within which this issue must be dealt with. Thus, for example, the legal basis of the right to self-determination, the constituent elements of the state, the recognition of states and governments, succession in the matter of treaties, succession in membership of International Organisations, etc. Moreover, international law is also the reference invoked by secessionist/independentist political projects within states in an attempt to provide a legal basis for the legality of their claim. Comparative law, in order to find out not only how most state constitutions deal with secession or independence of their territories, but also the jurisprudence handed down by national courts on the matter (USA, Canada, Italy, France, Spain, among others). And finally, Spanish Law, because the perspective chosen to address the object of study is from the perspective of Spain.